"Survival to the Spirit"

Paper Summary:

The paper relates that Henrietta Stockel's book is both a history of the conflict between Whites and native peoples and a medical analysis of the history of disease and early American medicine. The paper explains the author's thesis that the Chiricahua Apaches tribes were destroyed by disease and cultural eradication by the American government. The paper portrays Stockel's idea removing a tribe from its native soul is not merely an act of injustice, or cultural violence, but also medical and biological cruelty.

From the Paper:

"When detailing the terrible effects of White civilization upon the Chiricahua, Stockel connects the native susceptibility to disease from their original dwellings to their suffering from numerous maladies while imprisoned as what she calls captives of war of the American government. The book details a kind of fall from Eden for the Chiricahua, from their early roots and culture, closely connected to their native soil, to what transpired afterwards, after the military defeat of Geronimo. The first chapters of Stockel's book describe the Southwestern Chiricahua Apaches tribes and their traditions before they met the Anglos, focusing especially their mastery of natural medicines and herbs particular to the hot, dry regions where they lived."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Stockel, Henrietta. Survival of the Spirit. U. Nevada Press, 1993.

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