"In Struggle against Jim Crow" by Merline Pitre

Paper Summary:

This paper explains that state laws called Jim Crow laws required or permitted separation of the races and denied the right to vote in spite of the Fifteenth Amendment, which was known as "disfranchisement." The author emphasizes that Lulu B. White was a female activist, an executive secretary of the Houston branch of the NAACP, and the state director of branches for the NAACP during the mid-20th century, when such activism was frequently met with white violence and retribution. The paper stresses that the life and accomplishments of Lulu B. White provide clear evidence that leaders are not born, but rather are made by the circumstances in which people find themselves.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Author's Main Thesis
Scope of the Book
Subject
Time Period
Geographical Scope
Critique of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Jim Crow and How it Affected Lula B. White
Conclusion

From the Paper:

"The lingering effects of a failed Reconstruction were clearly apparent in this region of the country during this period in America's history. According to the author, "During the era of Jim Crow, in certain sections of this region, black males were expected to tip their hats in the presence of whites, even if they were walking on the opposite sides of the street. Well into the 1940s, railroad porters were required to pull down the window shades on the "colored" side of passenger cards as the train passed through Grand Saline, a community twenty miles east of Elmo, to prevent upstanding white citizens from looking at black faces." "

More papers on "In Struggle against Jim Crow" by Merline Pitre:

• Case Study # 70951 : "The Strange Career of Jim Crow"
• Research Paper # 103474 : "Nuremberg Laws vs. Jim Crow Laws"
• Book Review # 2544 : "The Strange Career of Jim Crow"

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