Abstract This paper looks at the blood, and at the various cells of which it is composed. It looks at the properties of white cells, and the mechanism of homeostasis. It also looks at how overgrowth of a blood clot is prevented naturally, and examines two undesirable conditions of intra-vascular blood clotting.
Abstract This paper evaluates the use of home blood pressure monitors from a physician's point of view. The author argues that blood pressure monitors are beneficial in the treatment of high blood pressure when patients self-monitor their blood pressure readings at home. The author stresses that the monitor must be approved.
Abstract This paper looks at many factors relating to blood,including different cell types, Rh factor, serum constituents, how it circulates throughout the body and blood tests. The paper also looks at the average lifespan of red cells and explains the implications of higher than normal red cells.
From the Paper "The average adult male has between five and six liters of blood and the average female has between four and five liters. The color of blood is determined by the state of oxygenation of its red cells. When blood leaves the heart it has been oxygenated in the lungs and therefore arterial blood is bright red. When blood has passed through the tissues oxygen has been removed from the red cells so the blood appears dark red in the veins. Nutrients carried in the blood include..."
Abstract This paper discusses blood glucose and analyzes an experiment, which was conducted to determine the effects of hormones on blood glucose. This paper describes how the experiment was conducted, the materials and methods used, and then discusses and analyzes the results and findings from the experiment. This paper includes charts, graphs, and illustrations that correspond with the data.
From the Paper "Blood glucose (sometimes inaccurately referred to as blood sugar) (Randall et al, 2002), is a measurement of the concentration of glucose in mammalian blood. Glucose is the most vital and direct source of energy for all living organisms, and it is required by virtually all cells all the time. This constant need is satisfied by an efficient system to transport sugar in the blood, via a complex network of hormones and neurotransmitters (Lodish et al, 2004). Thus, the important task of glucose regulation and distribution throughout the body is under the control of numerous chemical messengers. The most common method of studying their functions and interactions is by analyzing the blood glucose levels. This measurement is considered an indicator of the current net result of the hormones' actions relative to each other. A more practical approach is to inject a single hormone and observe its influence on blood glucose. In this experiment, three hormones were investigated using this method: insulin, glucagon and epinephrine (Animal Physiology I Laboratory Manual, Lab 7). Rabbits were chosen as subjects because they are physiologically similar in physiology to humans. Therefore, many of the results and ensuing conclusions of this experiment can be reliably applied to humans."
Abstract A paper on the effect of weightlessness on the circulatory system which proves that zero gravity reduces blood flow in the body causing dizziness and fainting of people on space flights but has no lasting effects once returned to earth.
Abstract This paper explores Trenka's memoir "The Language of Blood" from the point of view of her adoptive mother and contemplates the issue of perspective as an integral part of memoir. It looks at how Trenka uses the book to reconcile herself and to appreciate the sacrifices and support made and given by her adoptive mother.
From the Paper "Trenka, in several instances, admits to her ingratitude towards her "fake" mom, "Of course my "real" mom was never around to say no to me, to tell me I couldn't go skiing with my friends because it was piano lesson day.....No the dirty work was left up to Margaret" (Trenka 60). This comment seems to get glossed over in the body of Trenka's tale. In fact she seems to use this to justify the inflation of her Umma to mythological proportions and immediately moves on to the arrival of Umma's first letter, after which Trenka's suspicions are correct. "
Tags:blood, fiction, genre, honesty, mother, truth
Abstract This paper examines the different cellular elements of blood, describing their function and how they help maintain homeostasis. the paper also describes the reflex arc in the nervous system and how it operates.
Abstract The paper discusses the large number of deaths associated with the blood thinner known as Heparin and attributes this to the drug source being one of Chinese origin. The paper places the blame on the FDA on their shortcomings of not efficiently testing drug sources.
Outline:
Summary of issues presented
Description of parties involved
Potential resolutions
Open questions
From the Paper "One of the most significant issues with regards to deaths and injuries associated with Heparin is one which involves a blatant oversight on the part of the FDA. The FDA is duty bound to inspect any plant providing ingredients or product that are approved by the FDA. The FDA has admitted that its officials have neglected to inspect, Changzhou SPL, the Chinese plant which provided the heparin utilized by Baxter International, the maker of the heparin in question. The implications of this are such that the failure on the part of the FDA to do its job can be cited for the resulting deaths of what is now estimated to be approximately seventeen ."
Abstract This paper discusses how there is a fear, which continues today, regarding safe blood and HIV and how beyond contamination, there is another serious blood issue and that involves blood shortages. It describes the actual function of the blood to the body, how blood cells regenerate, and the principles of blood transfusions. It shows that duplicating all the functions that blood performs in the human body would seem to be an impossible challenge and how any artificial blood product must pass several tests. It also looks at current research into synthetic blood production from two distinct directions, one based on chemicals and the other based on hemoglobin.
From the Paper "What function does blood actually provide within ? and for ? the body? According to the assigned article in Scientific American, blood "transports nutrients, hormones and waste products"; blood also fights infections and has the ability to "clot" ? preventing or at least slowing down serious hemorrhaging. The part of human blood which helps fight disease is the white blood cells. But the most "familiar" function of blood in the body of mammals is the ?capture and release of oxygen and carbon dioxide.? The protein most commonly found in blood, hemoglobin, is also a critically important protein. Hemoglobin picks up oxygen in the lungs, and distributes it throughout the body. The red blood cells pick up carbon dioxide, which is a waste product given off through the respiration of cells, and humans exhale the carbon dioxide out through the lungs."
Abstract This paper examines how William Shakespeare successfully uses blood imagery in his play "Macbeth" to illustrate the drastic change in Macbeth's character. Blood imagery is powerful because blood is essential for life and every time we see blood, we are reminded of life. It looks at how the images of blood are all linked to Macbeth throughout the play, from the first images of blood connected with loyalty, to the blood imagery connected with justice at the end of the play.
From the Paper "Blood is a powerful image to the audience and to Macbeth. After he kills Duncan, Macbeth says, "Here lay Duncan, /His silver skin laced with his golden blood" (II.iii.130-1). The murder of Banquo brings even more bloody imagery. At the feast, it becomes apparent that Macbeth is becoming unstable because he cannot distinguish between what is real and what is not. He thinks he sees Banquo's ghost at the table and blurts, "Blood hath been shed ere now, i' th' olden time" (III.iv.87). Here we see, like the blood and guilt in the previous scenes, Macbeth cannot wash this blood away, either. In fact, the image becomes more intense, which intensifies Macbeth's reactions to it. It is more real to him now because he is slipping."
Abstract This paper discusses the general properties of blood and then goes on to compare the abundance and safety of the blood supply in the world and the U.S. The paper concludes by discussing which government agency is responsible for ensuring the safety of the American blood supply.
Outline:
Introduction: What is Blood?
What is the Situation as far as a Clean Blood Supply in the World?
In the United States, the Blood Supply "...is Among the Safest in the World,"
Which Government Agency is Responsible for Ensuring the Safety of the American Blood Supply?
From the Paper "Blood is one of the circulating fluids of the body that serves as nutrition, carrying oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic waste. The average adult has about five liters of blood that travels through the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries and cells. The plasma of the blood, according to Gray's Anatomy (pp. 1077-1078) has within it corpuscles, some of which are colored red. There are about four to five million red corpuscles in the average person's blood, and about 12,000 red corpuscles "in each cubic millimeter of blood." In general, the red corpuscles carry oxygen and other nutrients and the white corpuscles fight disease. As a person gets older, and the size of his or her blood vessels change (usually shrinking), the red corpuscles "change their shape...as to adapt themselves to some extent to the size of the vessel," according to Gray's Anatomy."
Abstract This paper describes what antigens are, the different classes of blood groups and the problems that arise when blood of different types are mixed together. It also explains the dangers associated with blood transfusions and how they can be overcome.
Outline
Introduction: Blood Transfusion
Antigens and Antibodies
Blood Groups and Transfusion Reactions
Overcoming Difficulties in Transfusions
Conclusion
From the Paper "The transfusion of blood is a medically important and life saving procedure. It is important in, for example, surgery involving major blood loss, various types of anaemia, and haemophilia. Usually only some components of blood are used in specific cases, such as plasma when there is a large loss of fluid, or blood clotting factors for haemophilia."
Abstract Bloodstain Pattern Analysis is a study of how certain activities and forces influence the pattern of a bloodstain and how this can be used as evidence in the investigation and prosecution of a crime. The paper shows that the art of Bloodstain Pattern Analysis involves a lot more than looking at blood at a crime scene. It explains that experts must also know the characteristics of blood, the active nature involved in bleeding and how blood in motion acts. Other things blood pattern experts need to consider are the surface on which blood is found and what effects these surfaces have on the bloodstain in question.
From the Paper "The surface can also affect the size of the bloodstain droplets. When a drop of blood comes in contact with a surface that is hard and smooth, it can cause the drop of blood to break up into smaller droplets. The smaller droplets will still be moving in the same direction as their original parent drop. As with any liquid, the laws of physics apply to the motion of blood through air and space. The Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences describes surface effects on bloodstain appearance as being of utmost importance. The encyclopedia points out that the shape and width-to-length ratio is used for reconstruction and interpretation of bloodstain patterns. The width-to-length ratio is used to make trigonometric calculations to determine the impact of bloodstains. The surfaces that the stains are found on have profound effects on both the shape and the width-to-length ratio. If the surface characteristics distort the appearance or destroy the shape of a bloodstain, then it will not be considered a viable stain for interpretation because it can alter the width-to-length ratio, which, in turn, will result in an inaccurate determination of its angle of impact (Introduction)."
Abstract This paper studies how science and medicine have combined to make the process of a blood transfusion both safer and less necessary. The paper looks at dangers involved with blood transfusions, and introduces a new procedure that should improve the safety of transfusing blood. The workings of the procedure are explained and its strengths and weaknesses are evaluated. It then moves on to other measures that can be taken, in making blood transfusions safer. It also deals with the use of these developments to Jehovah's Witnesses.
From the Paper "Blood transfusions can save a person's life, but if the blood is not carefully checked for impurities such as the HIV virus, the transfusion can also take someone's life. However, a new procedure may help virtually eliminate any risk of contamination of transfusion blood by viruses such as HIV. Essentially, a chemical has been developed by scientists in California which, when exposed to ultraviolet light, binds to the genetic material in blood and the resulting bonds ?prevent the two strands of DNA's double helix from unzipping, thereby preventing germs from replicating.? (Pollack 1)"
