Abstract The paper evaluates the importance of water in the normal function of all body systems and organs. The paper explains that the existence of hormones within various glands also play a role in the normal absorption and secretion mechanisms of water within the various body systems, which work to regulate bodily functions on a regular basis whenever possible.
From the Paper "The human body's general life-sustaining functions and complex processes are critically dependent upon the intake of water in order to survive. The body is comprised of a significant percentage of water and this facilitates body systems and organs to function properly. Without the active and continuous presence of water in the human body, it is highly likely that these functions will fail and will lead to an early death. In sustaining the necessary level of water for all bodily functions, it is critical to identify and comprehend the utilization of hormones as a means of promoting the body's routine operations to function in a normal way at all times. The following discussion will evaluate the significance of hormone function in promoting regulation of water within the human body throughout all functions and systems."
Abstract This paper addresses the question whether or not governments should mandate the shift to biofuels. To address this issue, the paper discusses various related issues such as the role of governments in the expanded use of biofuels. The author argues in favor of governments mandating the shift to biofuels because of their authority, influence, clout and moral responsibility towards controlling and regulating the challenging shift to biofuels.
Outline:
Introduction
Biofuel Defined
The Role of Governments in the Expanded Use of Biofuels
Ecological & Economic "Ripple Effects"
Further Consequences to Mass Shift to Biofuels
Arguments For/or Against Mandating the Shift to Biofuels
Summary
From the Paper "The impact of biofuel is extensive. With biofuel costing less than fuel derived from traditional sources (Matthews, 2007), their production and use allow countries to save in their petroleum imports and strengthen their energy security by becoming less dependent on foreign oil. Biofuel is also environment friendly as these fuels do not release toxic gas that lead to global warming and greenhouse effect. The production of biofuel also creates income and labor opportunities especially in developing countries (Matthews, 2007; Abano, 2007). This could subsequently lead to poverty alleviation and food security as more people will have jobs and money to buy food (Northoff, 2004). As the production of biofuels can be tailored to the environment of different countries, its production can be cost effective given the local sourcing of raw materials. Similarly, this diversifies agricultural and forestry production for use in a lucrative industry such as alternative fuel production (Northoff, 2004).
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Tags: bioenergy, bioethanol, biodiesel, Philippines, Brazil, UN, energy, agriculture
Abstract The writer explains that in this experiment, lysozyme was purified from egg white solution into 24 fractions using gel column chromatography. The writer points out that the odd-numbered fractions were then assayed in order to determine the enzymatic activity of lysozyme, while the even-numbered fractions were assayed for total protein content, using the Bradford protein assay procedure. The writer notes that lysozyme is one of the most well-known enzymes, being abundant in mucus, tears, and albumen (commonly known as egg white).
The writer concludes that the purification of lysozyme from egg white was only somewhat successful since the estimated value of the molecular weight, 14.25 kDa, is practically the same as the known weight of 14.3 kDa. However, the specific activity, calculated at 400 units/mg, was significantly less than the expected specific activity of 25 000 units/mg of protein.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Calculations
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "Lysozyme is itself composed of 129 amino acids, including four disulfide bridges and three sets of alpha helices. The enzyme's active site consists of a long groove that can hold as many as six polysaccharides. According to past experiments, specific activity of lysozyme from egg white is approximately 25 000 units/mg. This is the expected result for this experiment. However, one factor that influences the specific activity is the actual column and type of chromatography being used, since accuracy differs among the different types of chromatographies. Therefore, some are able to purify enzymes better than others, giving a more accurate specific activity. In addition to obtaining the specific activity, molecular weight of the enzyme can be determined by comparing the fraction in which most of the enzyme eluted with the fractionation range."
Abstract In this article, the writer first explains that a stem cell is a human cell that has the ability to divide itself a large number of times when placed in suitable environment, such as a laboratory culture. The writer notes that stem cell research implications are generally related to human health, and thus human stem cells are the focus of this paper. The writer discusses that many people are opposed to stem-cell research because of the need for using embryo cells, which can either come from aborted foetuses or from the umbilical cords of newborn babies. The writer then argues that, despite the concerns about stem-cell research, there are a great number of medical benefits that have already and may still come from stem-cell research and they far outweigh any potential negative effects. The writer argues that stem-cell research should not only be allowed to continue and prosper, but it should also be well funded and placed at a high priority among medical research fields.
From the Paper " Stem-cell research has allowed researchers to learn more about how cells regenerate themselves, as well as how initial cells at the embryo stage of development later develop into specific cells with specific functions in the body. This research is very useful for informing scientists about potential treatments for debilitating diseases. Researchers working with stem-cells have become fairly certain that continued research with the stem-cells will lead to potential cures or treatments for diseases such as Parkinson's disease, by regenerating muscle and brain cells. The research is also promising in terms of generating treatment options for individuals with multiple sclerosis. One of the most exciting possibilities for stem-cell research lies in the field of developing organs from stem-cells which could meet the human demand for organ transplants and remove the necessity of finding matching donors. Thus, stem-cell research has the potential to save a remarkable number of human lives."
From the Paper "Acid rain is a major problem facing the environment today. It is formed through both natural and Anthropogenic sources. Industrial emissions are Anthropogenic sources, and a volcano eruption is an example of a natural source. One of the most direct effects of acid rain is on aquatic ecosystems. Among the variety of organisms in aquatic systems effected by acid rain are fish. Acid rain has many toxic effects on fish leading to decrease in their presence, diversity, abundance and well being. "Biological observations of damaged fish communities in acid waters show that the number of species is less than expected, that the structure of population is anomalous, and productivity and yield are reduced"(Howells, 1995). Acid rain is not a new problem. It's effects have been observed for centuries. ?As industrialization of Europe developed, other observers in England, Sweden, Austria and Germany confirmed the "poisonous" nature smoke emissions from various activities?(Howells, 1995). It was a major problem in industrialized cities as far back as the 1800s. "
From the Paper "The queen conch, Strombus Gigas, is a large, herbivorous marine snail found primarily in the shallow turtle grass beds and sandy bottoms of tropical Atlantic Ocean. It is classified under the Family Strombidae, Order Mesogastropoda, Class Gastropoda, and Phylum Mollusca. This particular species of snail is valued as nutritious and cheap seafood, high in protein and low in fats or carbohydrates, with a flavor similar to scallops, clams, or abalones, and it lacks that "fishy" taste most seafood has. In addition, their shells are used commercially to make cameos or curios. They are less common in more heavily populated areas, since people find many commercial uses for these animals. Each shell is incised with a 2-cm long hole just above the attachment of the columellar muscle. Once this is severed by a fisherman, the body falls from the shell. Though queen conchs are not yet on the endangered species list, the fishing industry is posing a threat to their existence as a species."
An examination of several plagues and epidemics, such as HIV and malaria, including a look at why some diseases die out quickly and others continue to plague humanity.
2,960 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 7 sources, 2000, $ 87.95
From the Paper "Throughout history there have been many epidemic diseases. Perhaps the most famous in history is an insect-born disease known as the plague. But epidemics are not restricted to history books; several diseases still occur in epidemic proportions today. Despite the strides made in medical knowledge in the past century, diseases such as HIV and malaria still thrive. Understanding why some diseases seemed to die out on their own, while others persist in spite of extensive efforts to eliminate them, may explain what causes epidemics to thrive, and allow humans to predict the longevity and extensiveness of a particular disease. For example, a comparison of the plague with the modern malaria epidemic may explain which characteristics of a microbe help it survive in the modern world."
Abstract This paper is an all-encompassing look at the reasons behind infertility and what can be done to combat it. It delves not only into the physical remedies, but also the psychological effects of infertility on both the mother and the father.
Paper about an experiment examining the ability of baker's yeast to ferment a variety of naturally occurring and synthetic carbohydrates in different forms.
1,880 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 2 sources, 2000, $ 60.95
From the Paper "The substances tested in this experiment are glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, starch, saccharine, and aspartame. Saccharine is tested in the form of Sweet ?n? Low solution, aspartame is tested in Diet Pepsi, and a natural fruit juice and Pepsi are tested as a measure of natural sugars in common solution. The capacity of the yeast to metabolize each of the different natural or synthetic carbohydrates in this experiment is measured by the quantity of CO2 released during the reaction. It was determined by comparing CO2 production that in a controlled reaction with baker's yeast, galactose, lactose, starch, aspartame, and saccharine all displayed no significant change in gas volume, indicating that the yeast is not able to ferment these substances and thereby create CO2. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, Pepsi, and fruit juice all produced noticeable amounts of CO2, indicating successful metabolic action by the yeast with these substances."
Tags: biology, controlled, experiment, kansas, ku, lab, university, yeast
A discussion about biometrics. It looks at how the author believes biometrics are the only tools that can enhance personal privacy, efficiency, and still deliver effective solutions in situations that require confirmation of identity.
4,927 words (approx. 19.7 pages), 32 sources, 2000, $ 125.95
From the Paper "During the past decade, the science of biometrics has matured into an industry that offers real world solutions to serious problems faced by corporations, academia, and government agencies. The evolution of information technology and global competition has revolutionized the way transactions are completed. Traditional methods, such as pencil and paper, face-to-face meetings, or postal services, are being increasingly replaced by electronic transactions. The growth in electronic transactions has resulted in a greater demand for fast and accurate user identification and authentication. Compared to more antiquated but familiar and traditional identification methods (producing drivers license or showing a birth certificate), biometrics are the only tools that can enhance personal privacy, efficiency, and still deliver effective solutions in situations that require confirmation of identity. Clearly, the marketplace has begun to accept biometrics as a better alternative to less secure screening and identity verification processes."
From the Paper "The garden tulip was introduced into Western Europe from Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) in the 16th century and soon achieved great popularity. Interest in tulip growing mounted, especially in Holland, where it developed by 1634 into a craze called tulip mania. Wild speculation in tulip stock ensued, and enormous prices were paid for single bulbs. After many people had gone bankrupt, the crisis was ended by government regulation of the tulip trade. Tulip growing eventually became established as an important Dutch industry, and tulip bulbs are still a major export of the Netherlands. In the United States tulips are grown commercially in Michigan and Washington."
Abstract This paper examines the nature and scope of pathological intoxication, also referred to as alcohol idiosyncratic intoxication. The paper concludes that the insidious nature of pathological intoxication far exceeds other forms of alcoholism due to its nature and effect upon the individual.
From the Paper "This disorder is usually defined as a mental aberration, involving severe behavioral alterations when the affected individual consumes alcohol (Mendelson 215), yet those affected with pathological intoxication behave in a manner most unlike their normal self, usually resulting in aggression (DSM-III 132). This alteration in behavior is directly associated with the amount of ethanol ingested, for in regular drinkers, small amounts of ethanol produce no ill effects except for mild intoxication, but in individuals with PI, small amounts can trigger bizarre behavioral changes. Following the ingestion of a single drink, the affected individual becomes very intoxicated which results in assault or belligerent behavior."
Abstract This paper begins by discussing the reasons behind the endangerment of the American alligator. Next, it discusses the life history of the reptilian, focusing primarily on characteristics that make it a keystone species in its environment. It then goes on to explain the factors responsible for the recovery of the alligator, and finally, explains the animal's current status and how to best manage the species using an anthropocentric perspective.
Tags: cites, conservation, endangered, esa, keystone, management, species, threatened
Abstract This paper explores the history, foundations, health benefits, controversies, and the opportunities that chiropractic practice offers.
From the Paper "To be a chiropractor is something that takes great discipline and dedication. One must love to help others achieve rehabilitation through the adjustment of the vertebrae. By definition, chiropractic is the "form of health care that prevents disease and maintains a patient's health and well-being through spinal manipulation, which involves adjusting the vertebrae in the spinal column, without the use of drugs or surgery" (Maurer). To discover what chiropractic is exactly, one must explore its history, foundations, health benefits, controversies, and the opportunities that chiropractic offers."
Abstract This paper examines one particular chemical, dopamine, to determine its role in the regulation of mood, as well as its effects in cases of chemical imbalance. This paper is intended to provide a scientific look at the molecule. Several scientific tests are examined and cited. The author, in examining dopamine, also covers a wide variety of related topics, including alcohol and drug addiction.
From the Paper " Feeling well is important to everyone. Countless books, lectures, and small groups exist only to help people feel good about themselves. The state of happiness is controlled by many different factors, some that are external to an individual, and some that are internal. External factors would be any of those that occur outside of the individual, such as career related stress, status of relationships, and even the realization of some goal or accomplishment. Internally, or biologically, there are also many things that influence happiness and well-being. These biological factors can respond to external stimuli, or in the case of chemical imbalances, have configurations that are not controlled by any stimuli, but seem to act on their own. "
Tags: analyze, biology, chemistry, dopamine, medical, neurotransmitter, science, test
