Abstract This paper examines the BigBang theory, and how the planet Earth is thought to have come about. The author discusses how if life on Earth was created via the BigBang, could not humans expect to find intelligent life elsewhere in the universe, created in the same manner? The paper looks at whether humans have the technology to discover possible extraterrestrial life.
From the Paper "Should we as humans expect to find intelligent life elsewhere in the universe? There are many reasons for and against this concept, but first we should trace just how our terrestrial life started. The beginning of time and the universe began with the Big Bang. This was an explosion that started the expansion of the universe. In the most basic sense, the standard model is simply the idea that every bit of the matter and energy in the universe was once compressed to an unimaginable density. In the big bang, the material exploded outward into the formation of matter that we see today."
Abstract The paper argues the scientific bigbang theory and order in the development of our universe. It describes the hierarchy of events and the Great Chain of Being theory. In particular, it discusses the electron atom nucleus universe expands origin universe BigBang primordial ball creation overall order. This paper is well formatted with intelligent depth to the argument of the creation of life and our planet.
From the Paper "Electrons circle the nucleus of an atom. Untold trillions of atoms collide together and explode. The universe expands. Electrons race down the copper wires of an electric cable. The sun shines. Leaves digest the sunlight, produce nutrients, live, grow, die, and fall to the ground. The wind bears aloft the leaves, scatters them over earth and sea. The tide moves them, pushes them up into rivers where at last they settle into the mud. Salmon swim upstream; lay their eggs on the muddy bottoms of lakes and rivers. A powerful grizzly bear nuzzles the icy water of a mountain brook. His great paw sweeps into the water and catches a darting salmon. Men come; establish a city on the banks of the stream. They drive the bear off. Their boats coast upon the surface of the sparkling water. Nets plumb the frigid depths, resurface filled with salmon. The men eat the salmon. The salmon are digested, turned into fodder for a thousand other creatures and into the food that builds civilizations. Digested again, these minute particles break down into molecules, and the molecules into atoms. A lone atom floats off in the vast emptiness of space. Electrons circle the atom's nucleus. These are cycles, yes, but wherein lays their ultimate origin? Is there a connection between all that makes up the universe? Is there a plan?"
Abstract This paper discusses how the BigBang theory is considered by many to be the most plausible model concerning creation and how modern educational institutions, especially from elementary school to undergraduate university level, continue to teach the BigBang without question or qualification. It provides an overview of the physics of the theory and also looks at other theories, such as the Steady State theory, which have departed form the original model.
From the Paper "From the beginning of the recording of human consciousness, man has looked up to the skies of heaven and pondered the creation of the universe. The earliest recorded writings on the subject addressed the universe, and its nature, from the most basic origins. These writings included the questions of whether a "higher power/omniscient being" was responsible for its creation, if the universe was based on a singular "event" that resulted in its evolution, to the most basic, and seemingly logical idea (to many ancient sources, anyway) that the universe was simply infinite, uncreated, and forever unchanging."
Abstract The Universe around us still contains many mysteries that are the subject of both our imagination and scientific research. One of the oldest questions is the question of creation. The currently accepted theory that addresses this problem is so called The BigBang Theory. Even though there are still some skeptics regarding its validity, it is the hypothesis that has found solid evidence. This paper discusses the bigbang theory, pioneered by George Gamow who based his ideas on the previous concept of exploding 'primeval atom.
Abstract This paper discusses how one of the most important questions posed by astronomers and cosmologists revolves around exactly how the universe was created and how the original view that that universe is infinite with no beginning and no end has shown to be inaccurate. The paper examines the conception of the BigBang which has forced scientists to view the creation of the universe as a finite phenomenon, possessing a history and a beginning. In addition, the paper looks at exactly what the BigBang was and how it influenced the formation of galaxies, nebula and planets.
From the Paper "In the late 1970's, the study of the most elementary particles of matter became connected with the sciences of astronomy and cosmology, a good example being the "symbiotic relationship between cosmology and the study of elementary particle physics provided by the conjunction of high precision experiments" at the European Center for Nuclear Research in Geneva, Switzerland, and cosmological theories on nuclear reactions which occurred only seconds after the Big Bang (Sullivan 2004, p.167). These two approaches have revealed a myriad variety of an elemental particles known as neutrinos, "ghostly particles which interact so weakly with every other form of matter that they are extremely hard to detect," even though they pass through the bodies of every human being every single second (Sullivan 2004, p.168)."
Abstract This paper presents a comparison of two theories which explain the beginning of life on earth. The first, explains the writer, is creation theory, whereby God created the universe and everything in a particular order, to show his love. The second theory presented is evolution theory, which takes a scientific approach to the question of creation, hypothesizing that life began with the ?bigbang?. The paper explains each theory separately and then compares and contrasts the two.
From the Paper "The theory of evolution is the opposite of the theory of creation, as it holds that there is no creator, therefore life must have evolved out of matter. Evolution rejects the possibility of divine creation. This theory holds that the world was created when two atmospheres collided, creating life, as we know it. This paper aims to compare and contrast both theories, to determine which is more likely."
Abstract This paper examines the implications, relevance, and significance that the current, best theories in physics and cosmology have for the understanding of our lives and our place in the world. In particular, it seeks to determine what our best theories in physics and cosmology, including relativity theory, quantum theory, and bigbang cosmology, imply about the nature of the physical world and about the nature of our selves. An overview of these best theories is followed by an analysis of their implications, relevance, and significance today, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
From the Paper "According to Bergmann (2004), the general theory of relativity was developed in response to the need to extend the new space and time concepts of the special theory of relativity from the domain of electric and magnetic phenomena to all of physics and, particularly, to the theory of gravitation. Because space and time relations are the foundation of all physical phenomena, researchers recognized the inherent constraints in applying mutually contradictory concepts of space and time to explain different types of interactions, particularly in view of the fact that the same particles may interact with each other in several different ways-electromagnetically, gravitationally, and through the so-called nuclear forces (Bergmann 2004)."
Abstract The paper shows the scientific progression of the creation of earth from tiny particles through to the earth we know today. The paper explains that, once enough atoms gathered together, stars were formed. The writer explains that our earth was the result of the explosion of a star which was too small to sustain the thermo nuclear reactions, so it eventually cooled and became a solid mass. The paper describes two theories of how DNA was created. The writer concludes that the seeds of life, containing DNA, from which all living creatures on earth grew, came from outer space.
From the Paper "How life originated is one of the most debated and most sought after question. Life as we know it requires water and, until one billion years ago, the earth was too hot to sustain liquid water, so we know that life on Earth must have formed within the last one billion years. There is evidence that shows that the oldest life we can detect occurred 500 million years ago. "We now understand that all life on Earth contains DNA, which is a long complex carbon-based strand consisting of billions of molecules. Every plant and animal on Earth has DNA. This DNA contains the instructions of how to grow and replicate itself, thereby creating more life. A single strand of DNA is unbelievably complicated, even in the smallest organisms. How is it possible that such a complicated thing was created in the short span of only one billion years? "According to the "Big Bang" theory, who maintain the belief that life on Earth was created in some primordial soup. Somehow a soup formed consisting of water, carbon and other elements and by chance eventually some of these elements came together in a form, which reproduced itself. The key feature of life it is that is able to create a duplicate of itself. The problem that scientists have faced with this theory is that they have never been able to replicate this primordial soup."
Abstract This paper discusses Stephen Hawking's book, "A Brief History of Time: From the BigBang to Black Holes." It describes some of the concepts that Hawking discusses in his book, such as his allusions to God and his discussions on the "classical" and the "quantum" theory of gravity. The paper also briefly describes Hawking's physical and personal challenges in life.
From the Paper "Hawking discusses the "classical" and the "quantum" theory of gravity, in a way that makes sense to the average non-science-focused person. The "classical" theory of gravity (based on "real space-time") offers only two ways the universe can behave, Hawking writes (135): either the universe has been around "for an infinite time," or otherwise it has had "...a beginning at a singularity at some finite time in the past." As to the "quantum" gravity theory there is a third possibility in terms of a definition. That is, space-time could possibly be "finite in extent and yet...have no singularities that formed a boundary or edge." In other words, the surface of the earth is indeed finite, we can walk on it and build on it; but it has no "edge" so if you go sailing off "into the sunset, you don't fall off the edge or run into a singularity," he continues. And he adds some humor to his explanation, as he often does in this book: "I know," he says, adding to the concept of not falling off the edge of the earth, "...Because I have been round the world!""
Abstract This paper look at why it is erroneous to assume that God does not exist. It discusses the teachings of St. Thomas of Aquinas, the shortcomings of the "BigBang" theory and the arguments mustered by St. John Damascene. The paper then discusses the questions and concerns raised by J. Scott Turner of the State University of New York in his paper, "Why Can't We Discuss Intelligent Design?" The paper contains an appended original source.
From the Paper "Put in the simplest terms, proponents of the view that God exists argue that there is an intentionality, a purposefulness, to every design we find in nature. In short, each and every living organism seems perfectly suited to its varying functions, and this set of characteristics suggests that, contrary to the Darwinian assumption that evolution took place haphazardly and by accident, it was instead guided by some kind of purpose that modern science can only guess at. Needless to say, if intelligent design is involved, than an intelligent designer is also involved - and that means the existence of an unseen God with powers beyond the comprehension of human beings."
Abstract This paper focuses on the rise of big business in the U.S. and examines what allows this to happen. It concentrates on demand related factors as well as the supply side factors.
From the Paper "In a laisse-faire economy it is strictly hands off for the government. It is an economy in which, there is free trade with no government intervention. In this economy firms share knowledge thusly creating a highly competitive market where no firm has "economic power". At least this is the thinking behind Adam Smith's classical economic theory which was the accepted theory in the U.S. This seems self explanatory for a people with a history of tyrannous rule and people whose main reasons for coming to America were for economic freedom. It is what these people fought for against England during the Revolutionary War. "
Abstract This paper analyzes Chester Finn's article "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Test?", which concerns national education testing. It explores Finn's view that national educational testing is the solution to the problems confronting education today.
From the Paper "Chester E Finn Jr has written an article that supports establishing national testing standards for schools. This is not a balanced article that considers the advantages and disadvantages of the issue and ..."
Tags: education, big bad test, finn, national, education, testing
Abstract This paper reviews Daniel Wallace's novel "Big Fish: A novel of Mythic Proportions" and highlights the elements of fantasy that are found in the work. The role of the fantastic is analyzed and it's impact is contrasted with the concrete and realistic outlooks of other characters in the novel. In particular, the paper focuses on the protagonist William and the depiction of his expedition to unravel the truth. The reviewer concludes that Wallace proves that words have the power to transform reality into a group of ideas that leave an impression that does not disappear.
From the Paper "William's desire to understand his father through a staunch reality is never met in the novel, and there is a reason for this. Edward, even in his last days is trying to compel William to see the world through the eyes of fantasy, to make everything more meaningful. William wishes that Edward would speak the truth, rather than what he, as a boy and as an adult believes are his father's attempts to spin his life into fantasy to impress him, despite his long absence form his son's life. William gives the impression that he believes his father's stories are a fabrication that he has concocted, during long hours in lonely hotel rooms, while he traveled the south as a salesman. He seems not to believe, at first in any truth in the fantasy. "
Tags: Daniel, Wallace, Big, Fish, a, Novel, of, Mythic, Proportions
This paper attempts to explain the evolution of human understanding of the universe, from the initial rationales concerning the earth and its origin until advanced conceptions of the ?bigbang? and discovery of a black hole.
2,971 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 35 sources, 1998, $ 87.95
From the Paper "Throughout time, man has looked to the skies and wondered what was beyond the clouds. For the most part, primitive man solved the quandary of universal creation through myths, legends and stories. The Egyptians provided the earliest and primitive conjectures of the universe. In early Greece, Ptolemy made observations and transcribed the positions of stars, eventually documenting his findings in his book, Almagest. During the Renaissance and Enlightenment, scientists and astronomers began to study the solar system and universe. Beginning with Earth's solar system and slowly expanding to the milky way galaxy, mankind's understanding of the universe slowly expanded and advanced. Galileo's invention of the telescope was the monumentous innovation of the 17th century. It allowed for the examination and probing of the universe without traveling throughout it. Modern discoveries in science and astronomy conflicted with religion in dealing with the creation of the universe. As time passed, the comprehension of the universe evolved. "
