Abstract The paper discusses the number of risks associated with the banking industry. In an attempt to identify and minimize the various risks associated with the operation of this institution, the Bank of New York uses a Risk Management team. Their main goal is to identify and track the various risks associated with the Bank of New York and offer recommendations as to how to minimize or eliminate them. The paper shows how threats and risks in the banking industry can be divided into the following categories: Market Risk, Credit Risk, Foreign Asset Risk, Competition Risk, Governmental Risk, as well as risks to the physical structure and data systems. This paper discusses these risk areas and the Bank of New York's plan for minimizing them.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Risk Analysis
Threats/Risks - Market Risk
Credit Risk
Foreign Asset Risk
Governmental Risk
Competition Risk
Analysis
Data Systems
Mitigation/Countermeasures
Information Assurance Policies
Disaster Recovery Policies
Summary
From the Paper "The World Trade tower attack in September of 2001 prompted the Bank of New York to re-evaluate and amend its disaster recovery policies. At the time of the disaster, the Bank had over 8,300 employees located in four lower Manhattan facilities who were evacuated in a matter of hours. The recovery plan was immediately implemented, and they temporarily relocated headquarters to midtown Manhattan. By that evening, they had relocated operating departments to five existing contingency sites in New Jersey, New York State, and Connecticut. Staff was reassigned to alternate sites as specified in disaster recovery plans while systems were restored at backup sites over the course of the following days. Well-executed contingency plans led to quick recovery of many businesses, including ADR, BNY Clearing, Core Custody, Brokerage, European Transfer Agency, Foreign Currency Transfer, Fund Accounting and Administration, Investment Management, Performance Measurement, Retail Fund Administration and Securities Lending (BNY annual report, 2001)."
Abstract This paper examines how, in a country barely 230 years old, today, the New York State Banking Department is a veritable antique; it is the oldest bank regulatory agency in the nation, having been established in 1851. It looks at how, as one of the world's major financial centers with a majority of the nation's foreign bank branches, New York represents an enormous challenge for federal and state regulatory agencies and how the New York State Banking Department has far-reaching authority to ensure the safe and timely operations of these institutions. This paper provides an overview of the New York State Banking Department, a discussion of its responsibilities and activities over the years, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
From the Paper "According to their organizational literature, the New York State Banking Department employs almost 600 full-time employees, about 73 percent of which are bank examiners; however, state taxpayers do not pay for bank regulation since the revenues to fund the Department's operating budget are derived from the fees paid to it by state-chartered institutions. Besides its main office at One State Street, Manhattan, the Department maintains an office in the state capital at the Empire State Plaza, Albany, and at 333 East Washington St, Syracuse, New York. Based on its need to regulate a majority of the nation's foreign banking institutions located in New York, the Department also has an overseas office in London (State of New York Banking Department, 2004). The Department is the primary regulator for state-licensed and state-chartered financial entities, including domestic banks, foreign agencies, branches and representative offices, savings institutions and trust companies and other financial institutions operating in New York including mortgage bankers and brokers, check cashers, money transmitters, and licensed lenders, among others."
This in-depth paper a provides a benchmark pertaining to the careers of bank managers in Pakistan, while also delving into the banking industry in the Islamic run country.
Abstract This well-researched paper examines Pakistan's evolving and constantly developing banking industry from the 1940s and up the present. The writer of this paper supplies in-depth insight into the pressures as well as the numerous financial and cultural demands and expectations currently facing bank managers in both the private and public banking sectors. This paper analyzes Pakistan's political history and its resulting impact on the country's banking industry. The writer of this paper delves into Pakistan's socio-political culture which greatly affects the vision, goals and leadership style of the country's bank managers. This paper also contains various financial tables, lists and illustrated graphs pertaining to this particular topic.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Political and Financial History Intertwined
Effect on Pakistani Bank Managers
Cautionary Tales
The Opposite Side of the Coin
Pakistani Banking Structure
Pakistani Banking: Recent Past
Upsetting Events in Pakistan's Banking History vis-a'-vis Managers
The Best Bank Other Banks Challenges for Managers in the Banking Industry
Current Initiatives
Literature Review
Summary
Statement of Research Question
Methodology
Findings
Manager One: NBP Managers
Manager Two: New Hire from Lahore Business School
Manager Three: Year 2000 Graduate of a Business College in Germany
Manager Four: Islamic Bank Manager
Manager Five: Graduate of Irish Business College
Manager Six: Recently Promoted Manager at a Local Branch in the Capital
Manager Seven: Human Resources Manager at the Islamic Bank Manager Eight: Temporary Branch Manager in Small Town
Manager Nine: Former Bank Employee, Government Bank Manager Ten: Graduate of Lahore Business College (2)
Bank Manager Career Themes
Discussion
Conclusion
Appendix A: Islamic Modes of Financing
Appendix B: Recent Listing of Banks Operating in Pakistan
Appendix C: Questions for Bank Manager Interviews and Process
Appendix D: Recommendations by Mehmood-Ul-Hassan Khan
References
From the Paper "The best way to determine what the future might hold is to understand the past and the present, and add to that the changes seen by experts on the horizon. Therefore, constructing the history of Pakistani banking forms a major part of the current research; outlining contemporaneous changes and decisions regarding Pakistani banking made by its most senior officials is also important to understanding the influences on bank manager career tracks and attitudes. In addition, an extensive literature review of those factors that generally contribute t manager career orientation in any business will help understand the Pakistani bank managers' positions. Interviews with at least a few current Pakistani bank managers will display the attitudes they currently hold, and provide insight into what they expect in the future and what would make them more or less career-oriented."
Abstract This paper discusses individual commercial banks and how they service their customers. It analyzes the quality of banking services that a customer gets and how the services are provided to the customer. It describes the three main channels for banking today - through branches, through the internet and on telephone.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Chapter I
How Internet Banking Has Grown In The Last Decades, Especially Regarding New Product Being Offered
Evolution of Internet Banking Present Status and Profile of E-Banking Offered By Banks Nature of Product Offered
Chapter II
The Operations of Banks In Different Areas: What Is The Contribution?
Effects of E-Banking on Banking Operations: What Is The Contribution of Internet Banking Toward The Business?
Chapter III
General Benefits of Banks From E-Business and Other Communication
Performance Measurement
Chapter IV
Reality of System Risks and Control
Conclusion
From the Paper "To understand the relationship that can develop between the Internet and banks, one has to first understand the nature of both these items. The first to be understood is the banks. So far as banks are concerned, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, central banking which is the source of all banking activity would appear to be at a crossroads in their future. Earlier it was the lender of last resort, active participant in stabilizing economic fluctuations, and now the present main function is being the guardian of price stability. As it is still the monetary authority, much is expected from them. At one stage, fiscal policy was considered to be the main instrument of economic policy, the situation changed to an ascendancy of monetary policy and that was noted by the late 1980s in most parts of the industrialized world. This had a lot of implications for the role of the central bank."
Abstract This paper is a personal research project about online banking in the United Kingdom. It describes its history, how it works, security issues and its advantages and it introduces online banking facilities. It provides an appendix summarizing the services of each of the main British banks.
Table of Contents
What is online banking?
How online banking works
The security of online banking The advantages of online banking The disadvantages of online banking Prediction of the prospects of online banking.
From the Paper "The online banking will be a step to a new stage in the future. By that time, the banks will definitely offering more attractive services online and the competition of online banking will be complicated because more banks will have online banking services. Another progression is the development of wireless banking such as Digital TV and Mobile banking or so called WAP (Wireless Application Protocol). Nowadays, mobile phones are used everywhere, and many leading telecom companies and software companies have joined the WAP forum. Such as Nokia, Ericsson and Motorola."
Abstract The following paper begins with a basic review of how commercial banks make money. It then examines the definition of what constitutes a high performance in the banking world of finance. Finally, it assesses ways in which banks can achieve the maximum level high performance banking from a financial standpoint and examine the ways in which current public perceptions of banking and aspects of the new technology of Internet banking can affect the financial yield of banks.
From the Paper "Firstly, how do banks make money" A commercial bank (as opposed to, for instance, a credit union) has two basic functions: to accept deposits of money and to make loans. The main ways a commercial bank makes and creates funds is by making loans and by purchasing government bonds from the public sector. (McConnell and Brue 283-283) The goals of a commercial bank to remain "in business" must be twofold. One goal is that the bank must make a profit, the other goal is safety, which is traditionally defined to lie in liquidity?specifically, by the bank retaining such liquid assets as cash and excess reserves.?
Abstract This paper discusses central bank independence and the effects on the U.K. economy of Labour's decision to grant the Bank of England independence in 1997. It analyses inflationary and interest rate data from the years preceding and following Labour's election and cites evidence suggesting that it is inappropriate to ascribe all of the credit for recent low interest rates and inflation solely to the government's decision to make the bank independent.
Outline
Introduction
Birth of the Bank A Growing Remit
The Independent Bank The Rationales For and Against Independence
The Effects of Central Bank Independence on the British Economy
Conclusion
From the Paper "The Bank of England was established in 1694 as the UK was preparing to embark on a huge expansion in trade activity. A substantial financial source was necessary to provide the country, most especially London, with the liquidity necessary to drive the economy to this new frontier. The argument gained certain impetus after the Glorious Revolution when both William of Orange and Queen Mary simultaneously ascended the throne in 1688. Noted political economist of the time William Petty had observed the success of the Dutch in establishing a central bank in the form of the Amsterdam Wisselbank that had control over coinage, credit facilities and exchange."
Abstract A discussion about the controversies surrounding the IMF and World Bank. The debt trap, the (Structural Adjustment Plans) SAPs and the unequal distribution of the votes are the main criticisms among IMF and World Bank opponents. The paper shows that there is need for reforms and change, and it also explains that both institutions are necessary in today's globalized world as they did help and improve living standards in many cases. The writer points out, however, that both institutions, especially the World Bank have already started to reform its organization as a response to the protester's demands. This means that the World Bank realized that some arguments of the opponents actually do concern. It concludes to explain that the World Bank now is among the world's largest external funder of education, health (HIV/AIDS) and environment projects.
1. Introduction
1.1. The Rise of the IMF and World Bank 1.2. The International Monetary Fund
1.3. The World Bank 2. Why are the Activities of IMF and World Bank so Controversial?
2.1. Poverty
2.2. The Debt Trap
2.3. The Structural Adjustment Plans (Saps)
2.3.1. Austerity Programs
2.3.2. Privatisation
2.3.3. Environment
2.4. Voting Rights
2.5. The Human Rights Issue
3. Conclusion
4. Reference List
From the Paper "In July 1944 the so-called Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire, USA established the IMF together with the World Bank, originally called the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). These two organisations were the outcome of long negotiations between 44 nations during World War II in order to ensure post-war global economic growth and to eliminate the aggressive exchange rates politics of the 30s. "The task of the IMF would be to maintain order in the international monetary system and that of the World Bank would be to promote general economic growth" (Hill, 2003:340). Furthermore, with the establishment of both organisations the member states aspired for reforms of international economic relations and an expansion of world trade."
Tags: adjustment, bank, debt, economy, fund, global, globalisation, globalization, imf, international, monetary, plans, poverty, structural, trap, world
Abstract This paper documents the rise and fall of the First Bank of the United States created in 1791. It describes the major criticism of the bank, how it interfered with the development of the banking system and economic growth. It explains how the Second Bank of the United States rose from the demise of the First Bank, and what caused the closure of the Second Bank.
Tags: Central bank, first bank of the united states, second bank of the united states, implied powers, constitutional law, madison, hamilton, washington, fiscal policy, inflation, veto
Abstract The paper discusses the effectiveness of corporate governance in banking and financial systems in Malawi, an African developing economy. The paper begins with a discussion on the history of Malawi combined with a short explanation of its economy and past laws affecting the banking industry. The banking industry in Malawi is then critiqued along with a general discussion of the manner in which banks operate and affect a country's economy. Next, the paper analyzes the larger financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in the context of Malawi's economy. In addition, the available literature on the topic is outlined, broken down into different sections. Furthermore, the paper assesses the effectiveness of corporate governance in Malawi's financial sector and proposes a study for future work. Finally, predicted results of the study are outlined, and well as recommendations for implementing and establishing better guidelines for corporate governance in Malawi's financial services and banking industry.
Outline:
Proposal
Introduction:
Corporate Governance in Malawi
Proposal Conclusion
An Overview of the Role of Commercial Banks Malawi's Financial Services & Banking System
Literature Review
Public Sector Management
Public Policy Formulation
Decentralization
Corporate Governance
Purpose of the Study & Methodology
Proposed Study Methodology
Conclusion
From the Paper "The effectiveness of corporate governance in Malawi's commercial banks is an important issue given the essential role banks play in the financial systems of developing economies and the widespread banking reforms that these economies have implemented. Although the subject of corporate governance in developing economies has recently received a lot of attention in the literature, the effectiveness of corporate governance of banks in Malawi has been almost ignored by researchers. In developed economies, the corporate governance of banks has only recently been discussed in the literature. In order to address this research deficiency, this paper discusses some of the key concepts and issues for the corporate governance of banks in Malawi that can be applied to other developing economies. In many developing economies, the issue of bank corporate governance is complicated by extensive political intervention in the operation of the banking system. Malawi is a low income country where economic development is a priority for a future stable economy. Economic development consists of capacity building, good governance and economic reform. Acquired skills cannot be utilized fully and institutions cannot operate efficiently without good governance; similarly, economic reform cannot be implemented properly without institutions that are functioning well ."
Abstract The paper begins with a historical fictionalized account of a young man apprenticed in medieval York and his first experience in seeing the York Mystery Cycle, one of the oldest and best preserved English cycles. It has a great number of details that were researched from medieval texts, including information on guilds, the city of York, interesting facts, and the actual procession of the York cycle.
From the Paper "The York Cycle of Mystery plays (1376-1569), also known in singular form as the Corpus Christi Play, is one of the oldest and best preserved of the surviving English cycles. There are four complete or nearly complete extant English cycles: The York Cycle of forty-eight pageants; the Towneley cycle of thirty-two pageants, the N Town cycle of forty-three pageants, and the Chester cycle of twenty-four pageants. Each pageant was presented by different guilds of craftsmen, which were also known as the 'mysteries', hence the name of the Plays. The feast of Corpus Christi is performed on the second Thursday after Whitsun, and depending on the date of Easter, it could fall any time from 21 May to 24 June*."
Abstract Nicholas Leeson was directly responsible for causing the collapse of Britain's Barings Bank by concealing $1.4 billion in losses in 1995. This paper provides an overview of the events leading up to the collapse of Barings Bank in 1995, a discussion of Nick Leeson and commodities trading and an assessment of the adequacy of internal controls at Barings Bank. An analysis of the lessons learned and steps taken to preclude recurrences of such events in the future is followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Barings Bank Nick Leeson and Commodities Trading
Internal Controls at Barings Bank Lessons Learned and Steps Taken to Preclude Recurrences
Conclusion
From the Paper "The research showed that Britain's venerable Barings Bank was driven to bankruptcy by the now-infamous Singapore-based derivatives trader, Nicholas Leeson. Although the evidence to date suggests that Leeson was in fact involved in shady deals, it appears that other factors were also involved in the bank's collapse. Leeson's superior knew, or should have known, what the trader was up to, and had been provided with advance notice concerning his activities. Furthermore, Leeson was not the only trader engaged in such activities, and the philosophy of many financial institutions of the day appeared to encourage the sorts of techniques employed by Leeson. In the final analysis, the Leeson case demonstrates what can happen when one individual is entrusted with too much power, and time will only tell if the remedial steps taken since then will preclude such recurrences in the future."
Abstract This paper is about the federal reserve bank. It answers these questions: What is our central bank called and what monetary authority is it assigned with? What are the powers of the central bank? What are the tools available to it to control the money supply and how are they used? How is its board of governors selected? The paper describes in detail the functioning of the central bank and how the bank has handled the various financial crises since its inception.
From the Paper "According to Fred Weston and Eugene Brigham in their book Essentials of Managerial Finance monetary policy involves the regulation of the money supply and of interest rates by a central bank. In the United States monetary policy is determined by the U S central bank called the Federal Reserve Board. The goals of the Federal Reserve Board the Fed are to encourage economic growth control inflation reduce unemployment to acceptable levels and stabilize the exchange rate between the U S dollar and foreign currencies in ..."
Tags: Federal reserve bank, fed, roles, FOMC, Greenspan, monetary policy, Congress
Abstract In this paper the business lines in Bank of Montreal show an increasingly profitable growth margin in recent times. The writer shows that by realizing the revenues and assets of the bank one can see the new mission to make acquisitions on the international market as well as in commerce in the United States. Further, the writer points out that by pursing new avenues of investment banking the Bank of Montreal is expanding to suit the new global markets. The writer also notes that without this approach the bank would be missing an opportunity to expand exponentially into new market.
From the Paper "The aim of this financial study will help to understand the goals and objectives that the Bank of Montreal (BMO) possess in the near future. By realizing the investment potential through loan policy, profit margins, and the business division present within this bank, one can discern the growing capacity of generating capital through this banking institution. Also, one can evaluate the mission statement of the Bank of Montreal in regards to progressive monetary and financial goals for the bank's future."
Abstract This paper discusses the nature of the World Bank relative to its critics: both liberal and conservative. It offers cases for both supporters and detractors and concludes with benefits of the World Bank as an institution and the premise that the World Bank is still relevant. The essay concludes with comments by the World Bank President and his faith in the Bank's continued viability.
From the Paper "The World Bank is variously described as predator or prey, puppet or puppet master, depending on who is doing the describing. Many developing countries anxious for its aid might say it is a benevolent donor, whereas many others might describe it as a harsh task master. Yet, no one would argue that the World Bank has had an indelible influence on the global economy and that its mandate has grown considerably since its inception. However, given the direction of the world's economy and the growing divide between developed and under-developed countries, there is a growing call to reexamine the bank's mission within the new millennium's fully integrated and networked economy. As a recent article in the Lancet asks: "...does its approach really work?" (The 731). That remains to be seen."
