A discussion of the dangers of drunkdriving and the lives it affects, including appeals of pathos (heart and values), ethos (character) and logos (facts & logic) to convey a powerful message to the reader.
Abstract A healthy balance between the different arguments of pathos, ethos and logos (emotion, value, character, and facts & logic) are found in this essay which which deals with the dangers of drunkdriving. Included are interviews with those who have personally been affected by drunkdriving, as well as personal anecdotes, and significant facts and statistics. All sections of the paper are strategically organized in order to better convey the message to the reader.
From the Paper "It was the first day of March. It was the type of day where the chill and dampness seemed to penetrate your soul. I silently watched as Jeremy's mother laid a blood red colored rose on the marble stone. Wiping a tear from the corner of her eye, she ran a hand across the letters of his name that adorn the cold gravestone. Jeremy Taylor (1982 ? 2000). She said a silent prayer and turned towards the car. She glanced back once more before walking away. Today Jeremy would"ve been eighteen. He would"ve been able to vote or play the lottery if he wanted to. In a couple months he would?ve graduated ? top ten in his class! He would"ve walked across the stage, gotten his diploma, and tossed his cap high into the air with all his friends. He would"ve made his plans to leave for college. He had already been accepted into an Ivy League school. How desperately he wanted to become a lawyer. His mom always said she could tell he would make a great lawyer by the way he argued with his sister?.But all that changed within a moment. His life was ended at the hands of a drunk driver as he made his way home from school one fateful February afternoon. No longer would they see his smiling face. No longer would they laugh at the childish burping contests he had, as boys do. No longer would they hear the crowd cheer his name as he scored the winning touchdown or the sound of his voice as he excitedly told of his plans to become the best lawyer they had ever seen. All of that was gone now, because someone chose to drink and drive. Watching my friend's burial was one of the most emotional experiences I can recall. I think of how scared he must have been in his final moments. I wonder what he was thinking as he lay there dying. It was an eerie feeling to know that the casket could not even be opened during the service because of how horrific were the injuries that he had sustained. Now whenever "Tears in Heaven" by Eric Clapton comes on the radio, I think of him. I will never get the chance to say goodbye or to tell him all the things I wanted him to know. I can only hope he knows how much he was loved and will be missed. Rest in peace my angel."
Abstract This paper examines the MADD (Mothers Against DrunkDriving) campaign against drunken driving. The paper studies the campaign within the context of Albert Bandura's self-efficacytheory, which address origins, makeup, objectives and methods of a group. The paper focuses on the campaign's success due to the emotional appeal of the group.
Abstract The paper examines the issues of drunkdriving as well as the impact law enforcement has had on its reduction. The paper argues that drunkdriving is more of a social issue than a legal issue and that education must be combined with law enforcement to make a difference. The paper contends that the legal system has the ability to mandate treatment and perhaps save the drunk driver as well as those he would have encountered on the road.
Outline:
Introduction
Field Sobriety Tests
Problems
Solutions
International
Conclusion
From the Paper "John's law is one of many examples when societal responsibility meets legislation and works together to reduce the incidence of driving while impaired. If America is ever going to reduce the fatalities and injuries caused by drunk driving it will have to realize that it is a social as well as a legal issue and combine educational programs with punitive actions to stop drivers from drinking and driving(Mejeur, 2003)."
"New Jersey as well as eight other states have enacted laws that allow them to hold drunk drivers until their blood alcohol levels are below the state's legal limit. While this helps prevent an immediate accident from occurring the root of the problem is still there and should be handled from a societal standpoint."
In this paper, four separate journal articles are examined. While these articles are not all on the same aspects of drunkdriving, they all deal with the subject in various ways, from juvenile delinquency to penalties from the courts.
Abstract For each article, the writer provides an explanation of why the study was conducted and the reasons behind it, as well as an explanation of what and how the results were measured. The various hypotheses that the researchers addressed are mentioned as well as the dependent and independent variables. Any specific intervening variables that may have caused difficulty with the study are also addressed. The conclusions of these four articles are summarized, and personal opinions and perspectives on the value of the research and the methods used will be interjected at that time. This paper examines the worthiness of studies that have been done on drunkdriving and tries to determine where weaknesses lie so that further studies can be conducted that may fill in the gaps that present research has left. In order to understand what research is still needed, the writer states that it is important that past research be brought to light. In this way, the potential flaws in past research can be noted so that those who intend to perform these same types of studies in the future will not consistently make the mistakes that have been made in past studies. This will keep research into drunkdriving concerns moving forward.
From the Paper "This article deals with the advertising for beer and cigarettes and how it influences adolescent behavior. This study was conducted in order to determine whether product warnings about dangerous substances such as alcohol and tobacco affect the rates at which adolescents use these products. It correlates with the drunk driving issue because many adolescents who heed product warnings will be less likely to drink and then get behind the wheel of a car, while adolescents who see product warnings as unimportant will be more likely to drink and then drive, largely because they assume that accidents only happen to others (Krugman, et.al, 1998). In order to determine just how important adolescents see product letting us on alcohol and tobacco, researchers studied their feelings and opinions about these things as well as their behavior. For this particular study, researchers used eye tracking methods to measure how adolescents looked at print advertisements. By doing this, researchers were attempting to measure whether there was a correlation between the length of time that an adolescent looked at a print ad and the ability to remember the warning message that was presented there (Krugman, et.al, 1998)."
Abstract This paper briefly examines the causes and the consequences of drunkdriving. Statistics provided by the National Commission Against DrunkDriving are used.
Abstract This paper provides a review of the history of MADD (Mothers Against DrunkDriving) and its mission, as well as the instrumental methods, techniques, and policies used by the organization. It discusses its lobbying techniques and analyzes the effectiveness of the MADD approach. It looks at how, while the debate continues about the appropriateness of MADD's methods, the fact remains that, since the organization was formed, alcohol-related traffic fatalities have declined 43 percent.
From the Paper "By 1990, MADD had grown to 407 chapters, 53 Community Action Teams (CAT) and 32 state offices with affiliates in Canada, England, New Zealand and Australia. The result of the grassroots organizational approach was impressive. Shortly after the group's formation, a Gallup survey showed that Americans cited drunk driving as the most important problem on the nation's highways. Further, in 1993, another Gallup poll indicated that the public had become less tolerant of drunk drivers and more supportive of stiffer penalties. At the beginning of the 21st century, MADD had more than 600 chapters and CATs in all 50 states with affiliates in Guam, Canada and Puerto Rico (Really MADD: Looking Back at 20 Years:2003:3)."
Abstract This paper briefly reviews Albert Bandura's argument regarding the concept of self-efficacy as a model for personal growth and applies it to Shell Oil to show that it has business psychology applications. An argument is presented to show that Shell Oil can benefit from implementing the four main processes Bandura identifies in order to improve company performance.
From the Paper "In his essay titled "Self-Efficacy", Stanford's Albert Bandura describes an evolutionary model for personal growth and adaptation based on one's perceived ability "to produce designated levels of performance that exercise influence over events" in one's life (71). He argues that persons who have a strong sense of their own self-efficacy tend to accomplish more, thereby increasing their perceptions of their ability leading to a cycle of personal growth and that, contrariwise, persons who have low self-efficacies avoid challenges and growth, leading to personal stagnation, depression and stress."
Abstract This paper analyzes statistics and figures of death and accidents from drunkdriving. It looks at the sociological impact of this growing phenomenon as well as the economic ramifications. The writer examines what can be done in order to reverse this trend.
From the Paper "In the year 2000, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reported that the United States experienced its largest increase in alcohol related traffic deaths in the history of the nation. During the millennium year, 17,380 people were killed in alcohol related crashes. This breaks down to approximately one person every hour. NHTSA reported that this number equaled approximately forty-one percent of the 41,945 total traffic fatalities. In 2001, 17,448 people were killed in crashes related to alcohol and in 2002, 17,970 people died in these types of accidents. In other words, every year more people are dying because of drunk drivers."
Abstract The paper investigates the Texas States implementation of a Graduated Drivers License Program (GDL) in response to the high rate of teens involved in fatal car accidents. The author of the paper discusses the many advantages to raising the driving age from 16 to 18, most of them in issues dealing with financial responsibility, long distance and night driving abilities, parent supervision and insurance rates.
From the Paper "With 18 as the driving age, schools and the state have an opportunity to offer or require additional driving instruction time to teens. Most teens have a very brief lesson time with a professional instructor. The professional is able to demonstrate proper driving technique. They are also able to correct teen drivers as they make mistakes and introduce them to new or difficult driving situations safely. There are many different driving situations that a teen may encounter but not know how to handle. For example, poor weather, road rage and children playing in the road are all new situations for a beginning driver. The wrong decision in these situations can become deadly for the driver, passengers, bystanders or other drivers."
Tags: Jon, Lindsay, Institute, for, Highway, Safety, drunk, Driving, schools, accident
Abstract In this article the writer discusses Albert Bandura's learning theory and explores its effectiveness. The writer points out that the beliefs of Bandura, that have been shared in front of the American Psychological Association, are based on his model of self-efficacy. A reading / learning project is then discussed, in which the writer notes that instead of teaching cognitive skills to reading students, this project taught strategies for self-efficacy. The writer concludes that the role of self-awareness as an important tool in problem solving has been brought into prominence through the influence of Bandura's social learning theory.
From the Paper "To wit, it is known that reading for understanding is a challenging task for some students, but when they have learned the strategy which embraces their highest possible self-efficacy levels - when they go into a reading assignment brimming with confidence - they should be able to comprehend more when the assignment is completed."
"The 23 students in this study (11 girls and 12 boys) were from a "socio-economically challenged corridor" (low-income neighborhoods) of a big city in the southwest U.S.; all of the students were African American and more than 70 percent lived in single-parent households."
This paper attempts to implement and chronicle an applied behavior modification self-efficacytheory to the writer's daily lifestyle in an attempt to promote physical activity.
Abstract This paper explains that physical inactivity has become linked with the alarming prevalence of obesity and related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, colon cancer and hypertension not only in developed countries but worldwide. The author points out that the self-efficacytheory, which is a derivative component of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory, is associated with two other prerequisites for behavioral change - goals and outcome expectancies. The paper relates that the implementation of a behavior modification theory (self-efficacytheory) to the writer's daily lifestyle succeeded in initiating and maintaining physical activity through a structured exercise regimen that was achievable, sustainable and tolerable.
Table of Contents:
Physical Inactivity and Behavior Modification
Objective
Physical Inactivity and Health Behavior Theories Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Appendix A: The Log
From the Paper "During the middle of the week, the writer had to implement pacing measures to ensure the tolerability and sustainability of the exercise regimen. The transtheoretical model, as previously mentioned, provides a descriptive perspective, as can be seen with the writer's contemplation of his goals and outcomes regarding the exercise regimen created, his taking action and maintaining it through the week. It can also be seen that its utility is somewhat limited in this scenario. The health locus of control can be seen in action as the log details deviations of this locus of control from the writer to what he felt after a few days (i.e. pain) as out of his control."
Abstract This paper begins by briefly tracing the history of alcohol and alcohol consumption and then looks at its transformation from a mildly annoying social phenomenon to a potentially hazardous and deadly phenomenon when combined with the automobile. The paper looks at the effects significant alcohol consumption can have on a driver's performance, the warning signs of drunk drivers, who is most likely to drive while drunk, and who is most likely to die as the result of a drunk driver.
From the Paper "Alcohol is a legal drug, one of society's oldest and most popular behavioral modifiers. (NEFA) While teetotalers and social reformers of the last 200 years have done much to alienate people from alcohol and to cast it as a terrible social ill, they have often only succeeded in bastardizing its consumption without really making a dent in its wide acceptance. Alcohol and humankind have a long history together that is hardly going to be erased by a few laws, or a handful of sermons. Alcohol is found in the most primitive and the most advanced of cultures known to man. According to most ancient mythologies, it was a gift from the divine. Egyptian mythology says that Isis and Osiris taught the people how to make beer. Greek mythology speaks of the great gods of intoxication, such as Dionysus and Pan. In many cultures it has served as a way of purifying water, a natural painkiller and anesthetic, and a socially bonding experience for celebration. In our modern culture, however, it has taken on a far darker role."
Abstract This paper argues for the repeal the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984. It states that the law denies the pre-eminence of states? rights and is unconstitutional. The paper describes the special interest groups? influence on politicians through the example of the lobby group, Mothers Against DrunkDriving. The paper also addresses the issues of drunkdriving and alcohol abuse prevention.
From the Paper "The United States, along with only a handful of other countries, enforces the world's highest minimum drinking age: 21. This conservative constraint occurred fairly recently: the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 effectively blackmailed all states into adopting a standard drinking age. By 1987, all fifty states established the federal standard because to not do so would entail losing highway funding. This political blackmail was necessary, for this is a states? rights issue. Until the Reagan years, the drinking age was determined on a state-by-state basis and ranged from 18 to 21. However, with pressure from special interest groups like Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), a dangerous precedent was established to usurp states? rights. The motives behind the 1984 bill were admirable: raising the drinking age was expected to lower the incident of traffic fatalities and discourage irresponsible intoxication."
Abstract This paper reflects the author's personal experience of being hit by a drunk driver. According to the paper, no mercy needs to be shown to drunk drivers; the maximum allowable blood alcohol content (BAC) should only be 0.05%, and there should be a zero tolerance program for young men and teenage boy drivers caught driving while intoxicated.
From the Paper "My truck wasn't drivable but the door worked. I got out and could hear the glass pop off my clothes and make weird sounds like Rick Krispies popping in a cereal bowl, and when I got to the Mercedes I could see these two guys, drenched in gin, beer, and glass. They were laughing. From ten feet away you could smell the alcohol. When I asked them if they were alright, they gave some quick answer and tried to get the car to move. It wouldn't. I asked them for their insurance and they rattled off some expletives and told me to go to hell and asked if I knew who their father was. However he was, he was going to be very angry when he saw that brown Mercedes, it was totaled."
Abstract This paper examines the issue of drunkdriving and how it affects society. It first defines drunkdriving and then looks at how drinking alcohol impairs one's ability to drive. The sociological perspectives of drinking and driving are examined, and the causes of this phenomenon are discussed. Finally, suggestions for methods to change this ever-growing problem in society are analyzed.
From the Paper "The views of the major sociological perspectives would all share the similar view that impaired driving is wrong but all three would have great differences from one another as well. The structural functionalist may argue that drinking and driving is one of the dysfunctions of a functional society. All societies need dysfunctions to operate correctly. Drunk driving as a dysfunction is creating jobs within the society such as auto maintenance and manufacturing. A functionalist may also say that impaired driving is inevitable, a part of society that people must learn to live with and do its best to prevent. A conflict theorist would probably argue that drunk drivers are part of a subordinate group within a society that is a burden on the dominant group. A conflict theorist may also say that it is because of a person's lack of money that he/she would drive while intoxicated, insinuating that the bulk of drunk drivers belong to the lower and middle class who can?t afford a taxi. A symbolic interactionist may lay blame for the drinking and driving problem on societies dependence on personal transportation and commitment to alcohol. They may argue that it is the promotion and advertising of alcoholic beverages and automobiles on television, radio, in the newspaper, and on billboards, etc. that people see everyday that encourage not one, but both of these things. People may get the message that it is ok to engage in both activities at the same time as a result of seeing these symbols all around them. As you will see in this next section, H. Laurence Ross is a symbolic interactionist."
