Abstract This paper contains research into the island of Bali while examining in-depth the indigenous Balinese population. The author of this paper discusses the rich history of the Indonesian island, discovered by the Dutch navigator Cornelius de Houtman in 1597 while delving into Bali's diverse rituals, arts and culture. This paper also explores the vital role religion plays in Bali's society and explains why Bali is no longer a tourist paradise but also a society seeking its own identity.
From the Paper "As for the language spoken in Bali, the variations are actually part of the various dramas, since the majority of Balinese speak a language equal to their caste. Yes, like India, Bali has a caste system, as well, but there are no Untouchables, and today's Balinese system bears little resemblance to the "traditional" Indian system. The highest caste is that of the priests, known as Brahmana. Then there is Kasatria, the noble caste, and Wesia, the warrior caste."
Tags: indonesia, culture, population, geography, religion
Abstract This paper explains that, in 1972, the government of Indonesia created the master plan for the development of tourism to make Bali the "showcase" of Indonesia and to serve as the model of future tourism development for the rest of the country. The author points out that the tourism industry including transportation, hotel, hospitality and traveling services is the biggest industry in Bali, which provides quality employment opportunities for the Balinese, and is still one of the fastest growing sectors in the island. The paper relates that the environmental problems created by the industry are due to the failure to control the growth of tourism facilities such as golf courses and hotels because economic expansion tends to overtake planning.
From the Paper "According to Hitchcock (2001), tourist brochures make much of this religious affiliation of the Balinese, often describing it as the "land of a thousand temples". Bali is internationally known for its dances, temples, and beaches, which have long time been recognized as main tourist attractions. In 1996, Bali attracted a total number of 3 million tourists, or about 30% of the total number of foreign tourists coming to Indonesia. The trend shows an escalating number over several years. The increase is supported by the infrastructures and facilities: more than 25,000 hotel rooms of various qualities, international airport, which can accommodate large airplanes, ports, and more than 500 thousands Balinese involved in tourism activities."
Abstract This paper discusses Gamelan, a generic term for orchestras of tuned percussion instruments found in Bali (and Java). The components of the gamelan come in many combinations, tuning and sizes, depending on its specific function. Typically, they feature Eastern counterparts of metallophones, xylophones, drums and gongs. There are over 25 distinct types of gamelan in Bali as well as thousands of ensembles that range from four to forty instrument players. The paper further discusses how some gamelans are more common then others, like the Gamelan gong kebyar that can be found by the hundreds all over the island.
This paper explores how Australian tourism has changed since the 2001 bombing of the 'Twin-Towers' in New York and the 2002 bombing of 'Paddy's Bar' in Bali.
Abstract The paper examines the impact that terrorism has had on Australians and the way in which their travel has changed since the bombings of the 'Twin-Towers' in New York and 'Paddy's Bar' in Bali. The paper focuses on Bali, a favourite travel destination for Australians for many years. The paper discusses the crucial role the media has played in developing the discourse on modern-day terrorism. The paper also looks at how the Howard regime relates to Muslims.
From the Paper "Before the bombings in Bali October 2002, Australians travelled to all parts of the globe with abandonment and a carefree attitude that had endeared them to many. Even after the attack on the Twin-Towers New York 2001, Australians had a "Could not happen to us" (Webster, 2002 P.28) mind-set. As a consequence, Australians continued to travel to Bali in large numbers. During 2001, Bali had received "2 million foreign visitors who stayed in 26,000 star-rated hotel rooms" (Webster, 2002 P.27). Although Bali is in Indonesia, and Indonesia is considered a rather risky place to visit because "Of its religious mix and inherent tensions" (Webster, 2002 P.28), Bali has always been perceived as different, by Australians. Because of this, many Australians continued to travel to Bali after the terrorist attacks in New York."
Tags: Muslims, motor, vehicle, Indonesia, media, Howard
Abstract This paper summarizes a personal travel experience with reference to the book "The Bluest Eye" by Toni Morrison and shows a new perspective from the individual's consciousness.
Abstract Securitization has been described as an all-embracing, inflated concept dealing with all kinds of threats to the existence, well-being or development of individuals, social groups, nations and mankind. This essay critically evaluates the Copenhagen School's views on the securitization of issues. The author recognizes the difference between Ole Waever's opinion -- which sees securitization as negative -- and Jap de Wilde's -- which can see its positive impact. While not quite persuaded by the adverse impact of securitization, the author acknowledges the advantage of desecuritizing some cases. Cases used as examples are the South China Sea conflict and the ASEAN forest fires.
From the Paper "Security problems, defined by Waever, are developments that threaten the sovereignty or independence of a state in a particularly rapid or dramatic fashion, and deprive it of the capacity to manage by itself. Seeing security in a traditional way, Waever asserts that the dire impacts caused by these kinds of developments then justify the state to take any action that is beyond the normal political practice of the concerned state. The state can claim a special right to mobilize maximum effort to protect its sovereignty. This view on who is the actor and what is the referent object then undergoes a slight shift in the 1998 work in which the society and its identity also becomes the other important referent object."
Abstract Describes the long tradition of shadow-puppet theatre in Indonesia, concentrating on Java and Bali. Gives detailed information about the theatrical aspects of wayang kulit, including religious and cultural background of the plays, and discusses the construction of the puppets and the theatre in the context of traditional Indonesian life.
Abstract This paper gives detailed information about the theatrical aspects of wayang kulit, including religious and cultural background of the plays, and discusses the construction of the puppets and the theatre in the context of traditional Indonesian life.
Abstract This paper examines how the Southeast archipelago nation of Indonesia has made huge economic strides since its independence in 1949 and how it still has major hurdles to overcome. It looks at how terrorist threats exemplified by the existence of Al-Qaida training camps and recent bombings display the decrease in the military's strength and the legal system's inability to bring justice to the region. It also analyzes how the instability of the government's leadership and the rampant corruption at all levels poses significant risks as evidenced by the severe currency fluctuations, banking instability and successionist movements by several major islands.
From the Paper "Indonesia, one of the most populous nations in the world, possesses abundant natural resources. Though Indonesia's natural and acquired resources would seem to lend themselves to continued growth, the Southeast Asian island nation has struggled with sustainable economic development issues since winning its independence in 1949. As recently as 1997, Indonesia was one of the world's fastest developing nations economically and was a hotbed for foreign private investment."
Tags:bali, bank, imf, jakarta, java, megawati, pancasila, rupiah, suharto, timor
Abstract This paper explains that sustainable development is still an idea or a dream that has not developed into a reality because of the difficulty of resolving the conflict between economic and environmental needs. This paper points out that creating a harmony between economic and environmental needs does not mean that sustainable development eliminates economic development, but that both have to work together for the satisfaction of both economic and environmental needs. The paper relates that one of the most important international agreements negotiated for establishing and setting down these guidelines for sustainable development is the Kyoto Protocols, which established the foundations for a more expensive manufacturing and industrialization process that would substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions and, therefore, reverse the problem of global warming. The environmental problem can be solved, but requires short-term economic sacrifices.
From the Paper "In the "Bali Declaration on Population and Sustainable Development," the urgency of establishing a balance between present and future human needs on the one hand, and the capacity of the environment, on the other, is emphasized. As written in the Bali Declaration, "there is an urgent need to bring into balance population dynamics, socio-economic development, the use of natural resources and environmental qualities" (770). When the importance of balancing these needs is ignored, as it mainly is at the preset moment, the problem is not just that the environment suffers degradation and deterioration but that environmental problems threaten the quality and nature of human life and civilization. This is essentially the main message of environmentalists and development strategies who urge the importance of implementing sustainable development."
Abstract This paper discusses how since September 11, 2001, understanding the methods of terrorists has taken on new importance in the West, though especially in the United States. One of the methods that has come under particular focus from analysts and government agencies is the Internet and its potential to facilitate terrorist activities. In fact, terrorists have been making use of cyber-technology. The paper further discusses how the internet is a powerful tool recognized by many terrorist groups who are doing everything in their power to exploit the potential of the internet. Without question, the internet has been increasingly exploited by terrorist organizations since September 11th. The paper uses the example of Imam Samudra, who was the mastermind behind the terrorist attack on a disco hall in Bali in October 2002.
Abstract The paper describes the Jemaah Islamiyah organization and their goal of creating an Islamic state in Southeast Asia. The paper discusses this terrorist group's origins, creation, current status, financing and ideology. The paper also shows how the organization's underground activities, the close international cooperation with so many other groups around the world, and the financing make it impossible for the organization to be terminated. The paper asserts that we can only closely monitor the organization and prevent other terrorist attacks that they are most likely planning.
From the Paper "The main goal of the organization is of creating an Islamic state in Southeast Asia. Considering that Southeast Asia has the largest Muslim population in the world, it is no news that extremist Muslim organizations operate in the area. Jemaah Islamiyah is the strongest and most dangerous terrorist organization in the region particularly because of the great number of people that believe in the cause of the organization. The dimension of its attacks shows that Jemaah Islamiyah is an organization that is truly committed to its goals and that it should be dealt with in the most serious manner."
