From the Paper "Three derivatives of cobaloximes 1 containing substituted alkyl groups linked to the cobalt atom were prepared. Cobaloximes are cobalt(III) complexes in which two dimethylgloxime anions chelate the metal and form hydrogen bonds to each other1. This results in a planar tetrahedral group surrounding the cobalt with two axial groups. One axial group is the base pyridine and the second axial group is an alkyl group. In this reaction the pH of the solution determined which derivative was prepared. The oxidative addition of the acrylonitrile ligand 2 to the reduced cobaloximes in neutral solution produced the alpha derivative. In basic solution the beta derivative was formed. The third derivative was formed with the deprotonation of the beta derivative, which then underwent oxidative addition to form the trans derivative. The spectra of the cobaloximes derivatives were recorded using infrared and 1H NMR. The spectra were in agreement with the proposed structures of the derivatives."
Abstract A discussion between family members that gives a lesson in biology and defines several aspects of biology such as vegetarianism, protein, vitamin B12, cladistics, tetrapods, and antisense technology. Because this colloquial paper is written in the style of a story being told to the lay person, the reader is able to easily understand the bioligical concepts.
From the Paper ""I'm being more efficient," Sadie said. "The 10% rule of ecology says that only 10% of the available energy stored in a food can be used by the next level of the ecosystem. So plants can use only 10% of the energy sent by the sun, and we can use only 10% of the energy stored by plants when we eat them, or 1% of what comes from the sun. Eating meat cuts the percentage to one-tenth of 1%. Too inefficient. That's why I eat only plants" ("Vegetarianism"). Sadie nodded her head wisely.
"She's right, you know." David was a graduate student in molecular biology. He knew that sort of stuff backward and forward. Uncle Eldridge looked a little startled.
"I learned that in class, too," I added.
"But what about protein? How do you get enough protein?" Aunt Sally looked worried.
"There are a lot of sources of protein besides meat. The need for protein is based on getting both essential and non-essential amino acids from your food," Sadie explained. "It can be from complete protein foods, like meat or fish or chicken, that include all the amino acids. But non-complete protein foods are just called that because they don't include every amino acid. So you just have to combine them to get all the amino acids you need."
"Will you be able to get all your amino acids today without the turkey?" Mom asked.
"Probably," Sadie said. "The beans, the potatoes, the walnuts, and the corn in the cornbread probably include all the essential amino acids between them." ("Protein")."
Abstract This paper states that diet can affect the development of cancer: The food itself may contain cancer-causing agents or carcinogens, and the intestinal bacteria undergo mutation because of diet and in mutated form may activate or produce carcinogens from the ingested food or bile acids. This paper explains that poor nutrition adversely affects all components of the immune system, which is associated with cancer. The author believes that different studies have found different results, and the resulting plethora of information can be organized to support almost any desired diet.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Role of the Immune System
Diet and the Immune System
Diet and the Development or Prevention of Cancer
Protein
Carbohydrates
Dietary Fiber
Lipids
Free Radicals
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin E
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Thiamine or B1
Riboflavin or B2
Niacin
Pantothenic Acid
Pyridoxine or B6
Vitamin B12 Folic Acid
Biotin
Ascorbic Acid or Vitamin C
Minerals
Selenium
Zinc
Calcium
How Much Is Enough?
Obesity
Where to Buy Food
From the Paper "Protein is receiving a lot of attention right now due to the quick weight loss success resulting from a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. And like most forms of "extreme dieting," dieting that maximizes the ingestion of one specific food or food group and minimizes another, this diet is not healthy. Whether research linking high animal fat to a higher incidence of certain types of cancer is accurate, an excessive amount of protein can result in affects just as adverse as those resulting from a minimal amount of protein."
Abstract This paper explains that people adhere to a vegetarian diet for physical health, environmental, ethical, and religious reasons. The author points out that the vegetarian diet excludes most meat products, omitting the nutritional value of meat, which include calcium, iron, riboflavin, vitamin D, and vitamin B12. Therefore, vegetarians, especially vegans, should be careful to take supplements that provide them with the necessary daily requirements. The paper relates that many animal activists approve of vegetarianism because of the cruel practices in farming to provide enough meat for the increasing world population.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Nature of Vegetarianism
Animals
The Environment
The Benefit of Physical Health
Conclusion
From the Paper "The environment suffers as a result of factory farming, and in addition, many nutrients are lost through producing animal feed rather than grains to feed human beings. Vegetarians argue that the mass of grains used to feed animals far outweigh the amount of meat eventually produced. It is suggested that, rather than attempting to pour so much food into animal products, that plant foods should directly be produced for human consumption. In this way abundance rather than scarcity can be produced, and nutrients "recycled" through animals could then be directly obtained from the grain products."
Abstract This paper details the symptoms, treatment, and possible effects of pernicious anemia if left untreated. The author of the paper, who suffers from pernicious anemia herself, explains exactly what the disease is and how her monthly visits to the doctor's office for vitamin B12 injections have kept her from a life of misery.
From the Paper "Many people hate to go to the doctor's office?especially when they know that they will be receiving an injection. However, I, along with millions of people the world over, consider ourselves very lucky to do just that, each and every month of our lives. You see, for people like me with a disorder known as ?pernicious anemia,? the doctor and her needle are the important link between a healthy life and a life of absolute misery. This is because, unlike classic anemia, the common form of the blood disorder that usually results in little more than fatigue, pernicious anemia can result in catastrophic changes in the body, chief among them severe neurological impairment that, in its severe form, can result in absolute madness. For those of us who suffer from this disease caused by an inherited deficiency, or caused from some disruption or disorder in the stomach and gastro-intestinal tract, the Vitamin B12 injection is a lifesaver."
