Abstract Looks at the history and presents an examination of Australian TV, which has always lagged behind US and British broadcasting, including how it handles gay and lesbian issues. The paper concludes that currently, Australian television has only minimal coverage of queer lives and issues, but evidence suggests that it might be headed in the direction of expanding such coverage.
From the Paper "This paper is an examination of Australian television and the way it both deals with and ignores gay and lesbian lives and issues. The history of television in Australia has always been one of attempting to follow the patterns set primarily in the United States ..."
Abstract This paper is a case study from the Harvard Business School titled "The Australian Paper Manufacturers."
From the Paper "The Australian paper manufacturing industry was at one point fairly evenly split between three companies in three distinct market segments. Australian Newspaper Mills produced paper for newspapers, Australian Paper Mills, APM, produced paper packaging and the Paper Company of Australia, PCA, manufactured fine papers such as those used in offices. This case study addresses APM's decision to challenge PCA in its market. APM did so by using advanced technology to produce a high quality environmentally friendly fine paper product."
This paper examines the challenges and opportunities for the Australian wine business as it it attempts to increase the amount of red wine sold to Hong Kong.
Abstract This paper discusses the challenges and opportunities for the Australian wine business as it attempts to increase the amount of red wine sold to Hong Kong. The paper explores the challenges of marketing and selling internationally.
From the Paper "Grape growing and wine production in Australia date back to the arrival of European settlers over ? years ago. However it is probably true to say that it is only in recent decades that the rest of the world has taken much notice of Australia's wines. The Australian wine industry has undergone a significant expansion in a relatively short period. According to Ronin Weigand, a decade ago very few restaurants listed Australian wines. That situation has changed dramatically."
Tags: Australia, Hong Kong, wine imports, Australian exports, challenges of international marketing, product, price, promotion place
Abstract This report shows how the continuing strength of the Australian economy and the growing relationships between Australia and Asia, make Australia a primary and potentially profitable market for exporting the Yinyang line of heat packs. This analysis includes sections on Australian demographics; Australian economy; potential market; Australian import regulations; and legal considerations in setting up business in Australia.
From the Paper "Duty is generally levied on the customs value of the goods, which may not necessarily be the same as the sale price. Another element that must be considered in our pricing negotiations is the GST (Goods and services tax) which has been in operation since 1 July 2000. GST is charged at a flat rate of 10% and is levied on the supply of goods and services that are connected with Australia and other transactions, including dealings in real estate, other property and rights. There are exemptions in relation to the supply of certain goods and services. For example, medical devices do not pay a GST, so there could be some benefit in calling our Yinyang devices medical supplies. GST is essentially a value added tax. Tax is paid at each step along the chain of transactions involving the goods or services until the end user is reached, and broadly speaking, tax is paid on the value added. It is the consumer or end user who ultimately bears the tax."
Abstract The paper analyzes the topic of feminism in Australia and specifically discusses how white, mainstream feminists in Australia can better listen to, and attend to, the needs and voices of indigenous Australian women. The paper further relates that Australian indigenous women including the Australian Aborigines, the Maori of New Zealand, and the Torres State Islanders, have specific needs, problems, and issues that face them today. The paper highlights the fact that developing understanding, modes of clearer communication and ways to aid these women can help white Australian feminists tear down boundaries and bring about more care and support for Australia's indigenous women.
From the Paper "Domestic violence is another very important problem facing aboriginal women. An Australian newspaper reporter continues, "Homicide is the leading cause of premature death for indigenous women and they are 45 times more likely to be victims of domestic violence than other Australians". It is also well known that most aboriginal victims of domestic violence do not speak out, because they are afraid of reprisals by their family or the community (Bhandari 2006). Thus, the abuse continues in a cycle of violence that can often lead to death. White feminists need to tackle this problem head on, just as they would for white victims of domestic violence. First, they need to create educational programs for aboriginal women that stress the importance of speaking out when domestic violence occurs."
An analysis of the nature of the Australian government set forth by the Australian Constitution and reasons for disagreements over the style of government.
6,045 words (approx. 24.2 pages), 9 sources, 2001, $ 143.95
Abstract This paper poses two fundamental questions: 'what is the nature of government set forth by the Australian Constitution?' and 'why has there been such disagreement and disparity in the respective responses?' The paper is organized under the following headings: Organisation of a Liberal Democracy (Power, Legitimacy, Justice, Freedom) The Constitution (Hybridised Constitution, Constitutional-Institutional Relationships, Relationship ? Monarchy / Governor-General, Relationship ? The Executive, Relationship ? Commonwealth / States, The Referendum Process), Australian Federalism, and Responsible Government (Convention versus the Constitution, The "Washminster" Mutation, Credibility of the Responsible Government Model).
From the Paper "According to Emy, "Australia is one of a small group of countries usually classified as liberal democracies. This is a distinctive type of democracy, one in which the ideas and values of a particular kind of Anglo-American liberalism have exercised a pervasive influence on the growth of political institutions over the past 150 years" (Emy & Hughes, 1988: 183). One of the first steps one can take in explaining how the Australian political system works, is to define the theory behind its operation, and to describe how its supposed to be organised. Therefore, we should give a brief account of "liberalism" and "democracy" insofar as these modes of thought have significantly influenced the overall shape and character of the Australian political system."
Abstract This paper describes the 2001 Australian Federal Elections and the challenges faced by the winning party, the Liberal Party. The issues discussed include health, defense, taxation and immigration. It gives a brief history of the party and its principle goals. The paper includes interviews with Afghan Australians and it discusses the detention centers. The paper describes how the Liberal Party plans to resolve these issues.
From the Paper "The 2001 Australian federal elections had on its electoral list, the Liberal party, the Labor party, the National party, Australian Democrats, the Greens, the One Nation party and other smaller parties. The two major contenders were the Liberal Party winning the majority of the votes with more than 69 seats, and the Labor Party following closely with 66 seats. The smaller parties won the remaining seats."
Abstract This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the introduction to the book "Australian Literature: An Anthology of Writing From the Land Down Under," by Phyllis Edelson. Specifically, it contains a brief analysis of British-Australian relations since the 1800s, along with the 19th and 20th century Australian views of Britain.
From the Paper "British and Australian relations have always been strained, to say the least. The first European settlement on Australia was a British penal colony in 1788. In other words, Australia was good enough for the dregs of Britain, and that was about all. The first settlement was located at what is now Sydney. Eleven ships brought 1,530 passengers with 700 convicts and the rest soldiers sent to guard the convicts and make sure they did a full day's work."
Tags: prison, convicts, wool, trade, island, England
Abstract This paper examines the book "Australian Literature: An Anthology of Writing From the Land Down Under" by Phyllis Edelson, a collection of tales and in particular an analysis of the section on relationships. It shows how like everyone else, the Australians have their problems with relationships and how these stories illustrate the problems and the best things, about relationships in Australia. It evaluates how from this selection of stories, it seems that many Australians suffer from bad marriages, where adultery is the key to survival and any form of happiness.
From the Paper "Women of course play heavily in these tales, because they are central to the male/female relationships. They also seem to suffer more than the men in the stories do, but that is the same in every culture, it seems. In these stories, the women are all the victims, and the men are the winners. They have all they want, and do not regret their indiscretions at all. This could be related to culture, because Australian men are not known for their sensitivity, but more their brash recklessness, and it shows in these stories, where they get all the women they want, while the women have little choice in the matter.
One of the most interesting characteristics of all these short stories is the feeling of hopelessness that surrounds them. Not one of the characters is ultimately happy in these stories, and it is depressing to think this is the general outlook on relationships and love, no matter the gender. The stories seem to be saying that love is impossible to find, no matter who or how you love. This seems to be based on their outlook, which may have something to do with Australian culture, but the relationships themselves are not based on any form of culture or belief, they simply seem to be bad relationships."
Abstract This paper takes a look into the true definition of a refugee and the Australian government's stance on 'boat people' - also referred to as asylum seekers - and their policy on unauthorised arrivals. Mention is made of the condition of Australia's detention centres, and some of the conundrums faced when determining the fate of illegal immigrants. Is it fair to give a place reserved for a genuine refugee to those who do not come via established means? Additionally, the paper looks at the everyday Australian's view on multiculturalism with reference to imagined communities and the old White Australia Policy. Clearly the influx of refugees has changed the way Australians view themselvs as a nation and led many people to re-examine Australia's cultural and social makeup.
From the Paper "As Australians, we have all been touched by the recent refugee crisis in some way or another, with an increased influx of asylum seekers coming to our shores over the last few years. Indeed it is a human tragedy that people can be so desperate to flee their homeland that they are willing to travel thousands of kilometres across land and sea, eventually culminating in a "passage of terror" on an unsafe boat that more than likely would be carrying three to four times the normal number of passengers. The arrival of these "boat people" has caused of a division within our society ? those who are accommodating to the fact that these people have fled their county and should be allowed to stay, and those who believe that an influx of so called "illegal" refugees will lead to a perceived loss of national identity ? who want them to be sent back where they came from if no sufficient enough reason is forthcoming. The plight of international refugees is a cause for global concern, however understanding the key issues can be difficult for those with little background knowledge."
Abstract The main objective of this report is to critically analyze the recruitment and selection policies and practices of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). The use of this Australian organization as an example will help link current practices to relevant human resource theories. The ABC is an independent public broadcaster whose main aim to enrich the lives of the Australian public through television, radio and multimedia programs. This paper begins with a brief profile of the company in order to gain a sound knowledge of its background and activities. The recruitment and selection policies and practices of ABC are then discussed in details. This includes the process of recruitment; selection; induction and training and laying-off existing employees respectively.
From the Paper "ABC started its radio operations in 1932 and extended its services to television broadcast since 1956 (Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2001). The ABC targets a great majority of the Australian population as its audience. This is evident from the fact that its international radio broadcast in eight languages and has an audience of over 50 million (Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2001). The organization also takes the lead in cultural programs."
Abstract An essay outlining how the views and perception of a nation can be both represented and influenced by the art of that nation. In the late 19th century, although two-thirds of the Australian population lived in an urban setting, a bushman identity emerged, both within Australia and in global perceptions of Australians, that was fuelled by such artistic work as McCubbin's paintings. Through an examination of McCubbin's, "A Bush Burial", this essay explores the values of Australia and Australians and their view of themselves as a nation.
From the Paper "In the late nineteenth century an appreciation of the Australia bush emerged along with a fascination for its populace. Fuelled by contemporary art and literature, a common "bushman" image surfaced as a popular Australian view of the nation. Although two thirds of the Australian population lived in urban settlements, paintings such as McCubbin's "A Bush Burial" romanticised the rural lifestyle and assisted in the development of a bushman identity whose valiant qualities urban dwellers liked to imagine they too possessed. However, historians have difficulty in assessing and agreeing on the reality of this image as, when writing upon a view of the nation, each historian is affected by the concerns embedded within their own time period which, in turn, influences their interpretation."
Abstract This paper looks at how Australian law is very closely linked with legal positivism, since it revolves around the concept of power. It explains that the sovereign order is treated as the final word, which cannot be altered or amended. While the same is the case in the United States, the writer points out that there is some flexibility towards modern interpretations of law. The United States gives its judiciary enough freedom to interpret law according to the circumstances. The same is, however, missing from the Australian legal system where modern interpretations are often met with disapproval. It concludes that this is the essential difference between legal systems of the two countries, a difference that has turned Australian law into a more rigid and positivistic form of law.
From the Paper "A law must be resistant to change for that is the whole purpose of implementing laws. However they must also be flexible enough to allow modern interpretation, which is unfortunately not the case in Australia and this, is what makes Australian constitutional law positivist in nature. In other words, when a law is so rigid that it cannot allow modern interpretation and fails to keep pace with changing times, it is said to be positivistic in nature. In such laws, the interpretation is rigidly limited and the original law cannot be molded to suit modern conditions and circumstances. While then United States constitutional law is also highly resistant to change, it is nonetheless flexible enough to allow Supreme and High Courts to seek modern interpretation. However that is not the case in Australia where constitutional law is the final word of authority and to allow the law to keep pace with changing times is seen as a threat to the constitution. A very apt example of this kind of rigidity of law can be seen in Bulun Bulun case of 1999.
In this case, the copyright Law of Australia was under consideration and it was found that the rigid interpretation of the law was closely connected with legal positivism. The painter John Bulun sought Court's help in combining customary law with the Copyright Act. Mr. Bulun Bulun wanted one of his paintings "Magpie Geese and Water Lilies at the Waterhole", to be seen as a work of co-authorship. He wanted his entire community to be the owner of this property since it was more in line with his customs and cultural beliefs.
Judge Von Doussa however refused to combine customary law with Copyright Law and decided to stay with strict interpretation of the law thus taking a positivistic approach as Bowrey (2001) explains: ?It is difficult to ascertain whether or not von Doussa grasped the cultural implications that flow from his endorsement of these precedents about joint authorship. At key points in the decision closure to consideration of the indigenous point of view was achieved by using legal positivist interpretative practice. He identified the appropriate legal rule concerning joint authorship without reference to any discourse about the meaning of the terminology. Copyright law is "entirely a creature of statute"."
Abstract This paper explores the representation of masculinity in Australian film by examining two films: "Mad Max" (1979), and "The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert" (Elliott (dir), 1994). The author points out that both "Mad Max" and "The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert" express Australian male masculinity in ways that are uniquely Australian because of Australia's distinctive history and geographical conditions. The paper describes both films and concludes that they both uplift male masculinity, even when it is masked in drag, by denigrating and humiliating women by relegating their roles to only sexual significance or to provide an uplift to the featured masculinity.
Introduction
"Mad Max" (1979)
"The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert"
Conclusion
From the Paper "This is a violent film, not gratuitous violence, but the real focus of the action is on the super fast cars and motorcycles and, of course Mel Gibson. Dressed in black leather pants and jacket, Mel Gibson was young and very handsome when this film. The film had the two elements that ensured its success: the fast cars and motorcycles and Gibson. However, it probably caught everyone involved off guard when the film turned into a cult classic, especially in the United States, and was the start of a long and accomplished acting career for Gibson and two more installments of the Mad Max futuristic character."
This paper outlines Australia's ideology behind the broad policy goals of assimilation and critically assesses its impact on the education of Indigenous Australians.
Abstract This paper discusses the inherent racism within the policies of assimilation employed by the Australian government towards the indigenous Aborigines. The paper first describes the origins and history of the policies of assimilation. The paper then discusses the stated intent of the policy to help assimilate the Aborigines into white Australian culture. The paper also describes the official policies and laws enacted by the Australian government and their effects on the Aborigines people. This paper also documents the developments in the education system for Aborigines children.
From the Paper "The time of Assimilation was a period when government documents were created posing as agents for protection and welfare of Indigenous Australians. However, they effectively aimed to strip Indigenous Australians of their identity and culture by forcing them to conform to the white values, beliefs and manner of living. This would in turn eradicate their existence as they are submerged in white culture. What this policy involved, including how it was implemented and what its original purpose was will be discussed. Followed by, an exploration of the history of Aboriginal education and the setting at the time of the implementation of the policy. During the critical assessment of the policy, there will be a debate of the effects on Indigenous education. To conclude, there will be a reflection of how things have changed and detail of our current policies and views of Aboriginal education."
Tags: government aboriginese education, policy implementation, population
