Abstract
Describes how Chinese political/cultural violence and expansion/colonialism, through violations of human rights and persecution, have created massive suffering in Tibet, resulting in a tremendous response on behalf of the Tibetans that is especially noticeable in their efficiently-organized resistance and their powerful will to survive and preserve their culture.

Abstract
The author starts by discussing how India first became a target for commercial exploitation in the 15th century. Following the progression of British trade, followed by accumulation of political and military power, the author shows how the British eventually developed a stranglehold on India, often to the detriment of its citizens. The author shows how bringing Western culture to India helped start the move for independence by fostering ideas of equality and democracy among the educated. Finally, through the efforts of Gandhi and other revolutionaries, the author shows how persistence and non-violence - rather than brutal uprisings and terrorism - became the tools by which India would eventually become free.

Abstract
During the forty years between 1952 and 1991 Taiwan exhibited phenomenal economic growth. Along with South Korea, Hong Kong and other 'Asian tigers', its annual growth rates led the world. The roots of this phenomenal success are primarily related to successful self-reinforcing promotion of exports and avoidance of the 'import substitution trap.' Other factors including the preceding period of Japanese occupation and American involvement for geopolitical reasons played subsidiary roles.

Abstract
Feng Meng-long's fiction "Du Tenth" reflects the social aspects of the time of its making. Late Ming China (17th century) was a society dominated by the commercial culture of China's merchant classes. As a result, in "Du Tenth" money and love are so closely related as to be interchangeable. Money determines the beginning, the development and the end of the relationship between Du Tenth and Li Jia.

Abstract
Few would dispute that China has acquired considerable economic and political powers in the region. Despite achieving progress, liberal economic policies in China have caused many social ills including the rise of criminal syndicates. This paper examines the recent rise of crime in China placing it in the context of economic and political progress and argues that the latter is cohesive enough to outweigh crimes in future China.

Abstract
In "The Joy Luck Club", Amy Tan explores the relationships between four Chinese women and their Chinese-American daughters. Here we see how second generation immigrants absorb different values as they live in their new environment. This reality causes a conflict with the traditional values of their parents. Amy Tan provides a story of four mother-daughter relationships. Within this tale, it becomes clear what a great culture gap exists between the two generations.

Abstract
In Chinese art and literature the representation of landscapes is frequently encountered. Over centuries, artists and poets have devised complex grammars that govern their depiction of the natural world. This paper will explore these grammars with respect to works by Xie Ling-yun, China's premier early landscape poet and Fan K'uan, one of the greatest of all Chinese landscape painters. Two respective works of this poet and painter will be discussed in order to demonstrate two singularly different approaches to the idea of the artistic representation of landscape.

Abstract
In "Kokoro", Natsume Soseki is clearly concerned with the theme of loneliness and isolation. He examines one man's alienation and loneliness in the modern world. For the protagonist of "Kokoro", the only means of escape from loneliness is death. This is a very powerful theme in that Soseki explores the frustration and tragedy of humans not being able to find love, or the fulfilment of one's meaning in the world.

Abstract
In Silla and Koryo women exercised a degree of political power that they did not possess again between 1392 and 1945. The sources and manifestations of this political power are identified. Subsequently, women's precipitous decline and exclusion after 1392 is briefly examined and causes are sought in the Silla and Koryo period. It will be demonstrated that women exercised considerably more influence in the earlier period than they did subsequent to 1392.

Abstract
In this paper, the films of Chinese-American directors John Woo and Ang Lee are considered in relation to Chinese and Americanized film genres. Here, Woo's "Face/Off" (1997) and Lee's "Sense and Sensibility" (1995) are examined for elements of Chinese culture and influence. This paper suggests that each director represent a different aspect of Chinese film, but that Woo's attention to the genre of action films compares most particularly with the martial arts genre made famous in Chinese film industries.

Abstract
Historical perspectives are compared with contemporary views of Chinese culture and society in Mainland China. An emphasis in this essay is placed on Communism in China and how Confucian philosophy is adapted in different contexts of Chinese cultural authority.

Abstract
Since 1992, under the directorship of President Fidel Ramos, the Philippines has embarked upon a productive economic path by implementing a series of economic reforms collectively known as the 'Philippines 2000' program, under which the country's APEC efforts have fallen. However, while the unprecedented growth of the Filipino economy unmistakably expounds the great success of these efforts, it cannot be ignored that the country fails to enjoy a stable economic or political foundation and the economy remains in a transitory period of extremely volatile growth.

Abstract
Joy Kogawa's novel, "Obasan", deals with a very painful chapter in Canadian-Japanese history. But more than that, it reveals very much about Japanese tradition and culture through the eyes of one woman. Kogawa's portrayal of a people's plight through this novel demonstrates her understanding of this historical reality. Her narrative is profound and enables the reader to not only experience the Japanese Canadian's reality during the Second World War, but to also see how tradition lives on throughout the ages.

Abstract
Shamanism continues as the 'animist' religion of Korea and has influenced other religions to have arrived in the region. Shamanism continues as an everyday presence in Korean culture and, in turn, has drawn from other religions. It offers an interesting example of religious syncretism and the continuing presence of the past in a very modern and progressive Korean present.

Tags: shaminism, korean, religions

Abstract
Summary: This paper is on Chinese acupuncture. Chinese medicine in general and acupuncture in particular are based on assumptions not found in western medicine. In the West, medicine considers cause and effect, as with a virus leading to disease. Chinese acupuncture is based on forces of yin and yang.

Tags: chinese, acupuncture, contrasted