From the Paper
This study will examine the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, focusing specifically on the information which the Japanese received from various United States sources which led them to decide to attack; their interpretation of that information, the alternatives they considered before deciding to attack, and the reason they chose to attack instead of enact any of the other alternatives.
As Robert Smith Thompson writes in A Time for War, we are able to "reconstruct much of the world as the Japanese saw it early in 1941" through communications intercepts and other reliable sources (Thompson, 1991, p. 307). These sources indicate that the United States was increasingly preparing for war with Japan, and Japan feared that the United States would be a powerful adversary if it did in fact enter the fray.

From the Paper
"INTRODUCTION

The Japanese industrial expansion since World War II has been considerable and has been noted by other industrialized nations around the world. Japan began from a position far behind the West, with her infrastructure devastated, and since has achieved a position of economic preeminence, challenging the United States and other industrialized nations for world leadership in innovation and industrial production, especially in high-tech industries of great import on the international scene today and into the future. The U.S. has recently started giving Japan greater attention in order to discern the management styles used in Japan and to emulate them to the greatest degree possible, and the increase in Japanese investment in the U.S., with the opening of a certain number of Japanese manufacturing ..."

From the Paper
"This study will discuss marriage in China, focusing on the roles of women, false expectations, social and sexual factors, the impact of family policies, and abuses. The.study will conclude with a comparison of marriage in the United States and China.

The social roles of women, with respect to marriage, have changed dramatically in the last several decades in China: "Formerly subjected to one of the world's highest levels of social control---through the urban danwei (unit) or the rural collective --- the Chinese now have far more geographical, employment, and socioeconomic mobility than at any time since the early 1950s . . . . In magazine and television advertising, glamorous female models drape themselves over motorbikes, sip expensive canned drinks, and tout the latest beauty products."

From the Paper
"Mao Tse Tung in Historical Perspective

This research will examine the life and times of Mao Tse Tung in historical context, in order to more fully understand the nature of Mao's role in Chinese history. In the centuries before Mao's birth, China was possibly the world's least aggressive major nation. It was a center of learning and culture, but it had no military power of any consequence. This resulted in part from the pacifist teachings of the Buddhist religion (which had many converts among the Chinese) and in part from the nature of Chinese society, which was peaceful and serene, at least in comparison with the societies of Northern Europe.

No major empire has ever grown up in a plentiful region and then gone on to conquer the more poverty-stricken areas of the world. In every major case (Rome's conquest of Greece and Egypt ..."

From the Paper
" Historical Background


The civilization of India is one of the oldest in the world. An urban society existed in the Indus Valley by about 2500 BC, and may have had cultural relations with Sumerian civilization. About 1500 BC the Indus Valley cities fell; no details of their fall are known, as the Indus Valley script cannot be read. But about this time, the Aryas, an indo-European people, invaded from the north (Arya is the root of our word Aryan).1


Classical Hindu Indian civilization grew out of the intermixture of the invaders and the indigenous population. The Vedas, the holy texts of Hinduism, date from some time before..."

From the Paper
"This study will examine anti-Asianism in the United States. Every source consulted for this analysis emphasizes the fact that Asian-Americans have suffered from anti-Asian prejudice of various sorts, from the subtle to the brutal. Why, then, is there so relatively little consciousness about this anti-Asianism in the United States?


Takaki writes that a major reason for this ignorance on the part of many observers is the glut of media coverage of the successes of Asian-Americans, which would seem to suggest that they could not be the victims of racism. As we read in Takaki's Strangers From A Different Shore:


Today Asian Americans are celebrated as America's "model minority." . . . The celebration of Asian-American achievements in the press has been echoed in the political realm ."

From the Paper
"Sri Lanka is in the throes of a struggle to save democracy. Growing warfare between the government and Tamil separatists threatens to engulf the entire nation. This research examines how the ethnic divisions in Sri Lanka have affected Sri Lanka politics and society.
Sri Lanka gained its independence in 1948 with hope for a bright future. Its economic and social conditions were quite conducive to the creation of a prosperous nation. Tea, rubber and coconuts-the country's main exports-were valuable commodities on the global market. The international community saw Sri Lanka as a good investment. The new government of Ceylon (as it was called then) was awarded about $350 million in foreign exchange reserves. The quality of life was far better than most other developing nations, with a life expectancy about double that of.."

From the Paper
"Conformity within a society means that there are certain norms, laws, and traditions that people are expected to follow or they will face some form of social or physical castigation. Independence within a society means a deviation from accepted norms or modes of behavior. Since most contemporary societies are comprised of a diverse ethnic and racial population, there is usually room for some independent thought or action--if only because of the plurality of customs practiced. Of course, some customs, such as a society's laws, necessarily mandate conformity. In a society such as Japan's, which does not have a diverse population--being mainly comprised of Japanese--conformity to a particular set of customs, norms, and traditions have been more marked, and deviation from these modes of behavior has begun to surface only in the last several decades. This..."

From the Paper
"Mao Tse-tung was one of the most important military as well as political figures of the twentieth century. His doctrine of protracted guerilla revolutionary war had a major influence on the history of the second half of the twentieth century, and his military doctrines were successfully employed by the North Vietnamese to stymie the United States during the Vietnam war. Yet--in contrast to most famous generals--his military career is not one of dramatic victories won in the field. Indeed, his most famous single military exploit is a retreat, the Long March.

In order to understand the nature and significance of Mao's military thought, we must understand both the political context of that thought and the military context in which Mao operated. In spite of the famous dictum of Clausewitz that war is an ... "

From the Paper
"Tourism is an industry that many countries seek to encourage because of the large amount of foreign exchange it develops without requiring large amounts of natural resources or direct government expenditures. In developing countries, tourism can serve to introduce foreign visitors to the country and may result in increased business activity down the line. In addition to foreign tourism, various locations within countries seek to promote their own areas as sites for domestic travel, again to attract the traveler's money. Tourism encourages a wide variety of businesses, such as hotels, tour operators and restaurants, and helps supports ancillary businesses, such as retail sales and local industry. This research examines the various social, cultural and environmental factors that influence tourism in ... "

From the Paper
"This research will compare the United States with Thailand, a country from the Third-World. Differences in government, economics, politics, and social structure will be highlighted.

The United States is a federal republic. Each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia exercises a measure of internal self-government. Defense, foreign affairs, coinage, posts, the higher levels of justice, and internal security are the responsibility of the federal government.. The President is head of the executive and is elected for a four-year term by a college of representatives elected directly from each state. The President appoints the other members of the executive, subject to the consent of the Senate. The Congress is the legislative body and consists of 100 members of the Senate and 435 members of the House of Representatives. Two senators are chosen by direct .... "

From the Paper
"Japan is an island country, which according to tradition, was founded in 660 BC by Emperor Jimmu. It has a comparative area that is slightly smaller than California. Its total land area is 374,744 kilometers, which includes Bonin Islands, Ryukyu Islands, and Volcano Islands.. Its coastline area encompasses 29,751 kilometers. Currently, several of its islands are claimed by other nations. These include Etorofu, Kunashiri, and Shikotan Islands, and the Habomai island group occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia, and claimed by Japan; Liancourt Rocks disputed with South Korea; and Senkaku Islands claimed by China and Taiwan.

Japan's climate varies from tropical in the south to cool temperate in the north. Its terrain is mostly rugged and mountainous. Thirteen percent of its land is arable, with one ... "

From the Paper
"In 1997, the British crown colony of Hong Kong is scheduled to revert to Chinese rule under the terms of a 99-year lease concluded in 1898, as modified in 1984. The end of this last vestige of the British Empire, a territory of rather less than 400 square miles, might seem an insignificant factor in the modern world. But on these 400 square miles stands a city of more than 5 million people, a city that is one of the most dynamic trading and financial centers in the world. The fate of Hong Kong after 1997 is of overwhelming importance to those 5 million plus people and more generally will play a major role in shaping the relationship between China and its neighbors and China's place in the world well into the next millenium.

Moreover, concern over the prospects of Hong Kong after 1997 ... "

From the Paper
"The Hmong culture is found today in southern China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. The original homeland of the Hmongs was in Central Asia, but they eventually moved southward until they settled in the mountains of Southern China. They were driven from their homes by the Chinese and again moved to the south, gradually seeping into their present ethnic enclaves. More than half a million Hmongs have fled from southern China since the beginning of the nineteenth century, though 2.5 million still live in china. Prior to Vietnam in April 1975, there were some 50,000 Hmongs in Thailand, 225,000 in Vietnam, and 350,000 in Laos, while some 50,000 came to America as refugees in the mid-1970s. The Hmongs were uprooted from their homeland by foreign invaders. They fought against the Japanese in World War II, then siding with the Royal Lao in opposition to the Pathet Lao, with ... "

From the Paper
"This research examines cross-cultural interactions between Chinese and Westerners. The examination objective is to illustrate how erroneous conclusions may be drawn by Westerners interacting with Chinese when those Westerners lack a knowledge and appreciation of the norms, practices, and values of Chinese culture, and the socialization process in that culture.

Cross-Cultural Interactions
Social identity theory serves as the conceptual basis for this examination. Social identity is defined as "the individual's knowledge" of personal membership in specific social groups, together with the "emotional value and significance" placed on such membership by the individual ... "