Abstract This paper examines how over the centuries, China has had different levels of involvement in Tibet. It looks at how prior to 1950, Tibet was inhabited entirely by ethnic Tibetans and how policies by the People's Republic of China have changed the makeup of the region. It discusses how despite the efforts of a global social campaign led by the exiled Dalai Lama, the P.R.C. have made it clear that Tibet will not become an independent country under their watch. It also examines how currently, there are millions of non-Tibetan Chinese citizens living and working in the Tibet Autonomous Region and how although China has committed atrocities against the Tibetan people, current Chinese policy seems to be for the purpose of correcting the lives and conditions for Tibet.
From the Paper "However, the sixth Dalai Lama, Tsayang Gyatso was a disappointment. He did not rule justly and ?turned out to be totally deviant in attitude and values, refusing to play the role of a celibate religious practitioner. He renounced his monastic vows and became a famous libertine, writing love poems and carousing with women at night in Lhasa.? During this time Lhabsang Khan, was the king of Tibet, and was friendly to the Qing Dynasty, instead of the Dzungar Mongols, a group of Mongols that was trying to take over China. Khan decided to declare that the sixth Dalai Lama was not the real incarnation, and removed him from his seat, forcing Tsayang Gyatso into exile."
Abstract This essay discuss the phenomenon of Islamic fundamentalism in Indonesia and its links to international terrorists. Considering that the Indonesian Muslims are better to be classified as moderates, this essay also suggests how policy makers should deal with the issue. The first section discusses the emergence of the contemporary Islamic fundamentalist movements in Indonesia and the following section observes the reaction of the majority of Indonesian Muslims towards those movements. Based on the assessment in the preceding sections, the third section will emphasize the importance of the involvement of moderate Muslims in the effort to combat terrorism particularly that is affiliated to Muslim fundamentalists.
From the Paper "The emergence of Islamic fundamentalism is one interesting phenomenon in post-Suharto Indonesia due to the fact that the vast majority of Indonesian Muslims are widely recognized as moderates. Due to the counter-terrorism concern, further questions could be proposed regarding to the position of fundamentalism among the Indonesian Muslim society and the role of the moderate Muslims in supporting the effort to eradicate terrorism."
Tags: affairs, bomb, current, international, slamiyyah, jamaah, terrorism, war
This paper discusses the Flying Geese economic development theory-- the way production techniques are introduced to the less developed countries by the highly developed countrie. It also describes the development of the East Asian's economies.
Abstract This paper relates that, as this Flying Geese pattern of development progresses, countries in the Asian region become more and more integrated and interdependent. The author states that the Flying Geese model describes how industry passes through five stages: Introduction, import substitution, export, mature and reverse-import stages. The paper concludes that the significance of Flying Geese model in East Asia's economic development is declining in recent time as high technology is introduced and globalization takes place. Tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Meaning of Flying Geese Model
Evidences of Flying Geese Pattern Development in East Asia.
Significance of Flying Geese Hypothesis in East Asia Economic Development.
High Inflows of FDI and Export Expansion
International Economic Development.
Inter-Industry and Intra-Industry Trade Pattern.
Regional Integration
Declining Significance of Flying Geese Model in Recent Time
Conclusion
From the Paper "When reaching export stage, the growth of domestic demand will decline. Exports of the product have begun to increase and imports decline. The strong exports enable the country to import capital goods for continued expansion of production. Inward FDI becomes significant as the same industry in the advanced countries has lost its comparative advantage and has to relocate to developing countries. As the industry gets into its mature stage, production slows down due to increasing costs and intensified competition from late-starting countries."
Abstract This paper examines how China's political system and practices are impacting the country's economy and the long-term affects of such a system. It examines the country's demographic statistics and questions whether the economy can continue to support the ever-growing population. The paper also examines the effect of SARS on China's economy.
From the Paper "China, the very last of the main Communist states, has made enormous advances all through the preceding two decades in the direction of turning out to be an industrialized country with a market-driven financial system. Its people, a fifth of the world's populace, are still amid the world's poorest, however, quick industrialization and urbanization are training them to make China a main economic power in the 21st century.
The increasing economy, as well as rising health standards is by now having a weighty impact on China's welfare. In the second part of the 20th century, for example, the lifetime of the average person in China has doubled."
Abstract Consumer behavior is influenced by many factors: cultural heritage, perceived value of goods or services, economics, and interpersonal issues. In the current global economy, it is inevitable that East and West meet in the arena of consumer goods and services. Because of the size of their populations, the United States and the two Chinas, the People's Republic and Taiwan, could easily emerge as major markets for each other's goods and services. For any company to be successful in a cross-cultural marketing effort, however, it is essential to pay attention not only to similarities, but to differences, and then to market accordingly. In order to develop a few marketing precepts for creating goods, perhaps with variations in the goods themselves or in the marketing material, this paper looks, in depth, at the cultures of all three nations. The paper then examines what various researchers, experts, and government/trade officials have been saying about markets in the China and Taiwan.
From the Paper "In China, where incomes have been rising, it is necessary to price items so they are affordable to enough people to become popular; in Taiwan, there would be less price sensitivity and, in fact, the Taiwanese are used to paying heftily for many necessities, such as living space, and would be far less price sensitive than the Chinese. In fact, because they have had a growing market economy for some time, they are very likely susceptible to the same upscale, higher-priced marketing concepts as Americans."
Abstract This paper discusses the historic perspective on the economic, political, cultural, and regional interrelationships of Singapore, as well as global interrelationships. The regional economic alliances and the economic development stage of Singapore to potential business opportunities are also be reviewed. The final topics discussed are the major drivers of globalization in Singapore and the role of this country within the regional organizations of which it is a member.
From the Paper "Singapore is a highly developed and successful free market economy, enjoying an open and corruption-free environment, stable prices and one of the highest per capita Gross Domestic Product in the world. Singapore's economy depends heavily on exports, particularly in electronics and manufacturing (cia.gov). During the last three decades, Singapore's booming economic growth largely outperformed the world economy. Some of Singapore's export partners include the U.S., Malaysia, Thailand, South Korea and Hong Kong. Specifically, Malaysia is a large import and export partner to this county. One of the country's international disputes was with Malaysia over deliveries of fresh water to Singapore. However, as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore is vulnerable to be used as a transit point for Golden Triangle heroin and as a venue for money laundering (cia.gov)."
Abstract This report assesses the current situation of strife and conflict
in Kashmir by using conflict theories, such as the stratification of society, expulsion and genocide among the people of the area, inter-group conflict, prejudice and discrimination, dominant group theory, and vicious cycle phenomenon, as well as other associated theories. The report does not dwell solely on the history of the strife in Kashmir, which is an area that is renowned for its beauty, as well as for being the focus of conflict in Indian society, a point of contention between India and Pakistan, and the impetus point of separatist movements. Instead, it looks at recent events and conflicts in the area using the sociological and theoretical concepts mentioned above.
From the Paper "In terms of the population of Kashmir, the province or area contains over 12 million individuals, most of whom are Muslims. There are also prominent populations of Hindus, Sikhs, and Buddhists in this area. The Hindu population is more concentrated towards the southern regions of Kashmir, and in the city of Jammu. In eastern Kashmir, the main proponents of the Buddhist population are found. The Kashmiri people are generally working on an agricultural economy ("Jammu and Kashmir"). In terms of the history of the strife that has occurred in this region, briefly, since the partition of India and Pakistan after Indian independence in 1947, Kashmir has been a point of dispute and contention between India and Pakistan, with each country claiming Kashmir as a part of its own nation, and the two countries often going to war over this and associated issues. Lately, since the late 1980s, the conflict in the area has turned more to internal separatist movements against what is viewed to be Indian occupation. This has resulted in prevalent conflicts between the Indian state and the Kashmiri people up to and including the present."
Abstract In 1991, Marilyn Young authored "The Vietnam Wars: 1945-1990". Although the book is considered a general history book on the theme of Vietnam War, it has a major slant and is not an unbiased, objective approach to the war by any means. This paper shows that, in short, the book debunks the belief by those in power at the time, such as George Bush, Sr., that America has ?finally kicked the 'Vietnam syndrome" or that the United States does all that it can not to get militarily involved with other political entities abroad. The paper explains that, by showing both the American and the Indochina sides of this military event, Young expresses that the war in Vietnam and other such activities contested the black-and-white conjectures that, in foreign policy, America always "meant well" and that Communism was always "bad."
From the Paper "She concludes that perhaps it is time to redefine the Vietnam syndrome. The term should no longer refer to the reluctance of the public to engage in war, but rather to the insistence of the present administration that the only cure for that long ago defeat is more war. As President Bush said in a December 2002 U.S. News & World Report interview: " ... it's very important for the American people to know my sentiments about military engagement, that I will use our military as a last resort and our first resort.... ""
Abstract This paper examines the reasons why immigration occurred from China to U.S. It also looks at the geographical areas where the Chinese immigrants settled and the reasons why these areas were chosen. The challenges the Chinese had to face as a result of migrating from China to the U.S. is also highlighted. Lastly, this paper emphasizes the influence the Chinese culture has had on American society.
From the Paper "During the 1870s, America's economy greatly suffered while that of Britain and Germany flourished. While the number of British and German immigrants decreased that of China, Norway, Sweden, Canada, Denmark and southern and eastern Europe increased. Seeing this, the United States passed its first restrictive immigration law in 1875. "During the late 1870's, Californians demanded laws to keep out Chinese immigrants. In some instances, mobs attacked Chinese immigrants, who were accused of lowering wages and unfair business competition. They were also denounced as inassimilable and as racially inferior" (Joyce Bryant, Immigration Into The United States)."
Abstract This paper examines how, in many countries, nursing plays an important role in the medical care of its citizens and how this is especially true of developing countries, such as India. It provides an overview of India, along with its current major health problems and health care system. The role of nursing is discussed, along with nursing education in India. It also analyzes the differences and similarities between nursing in India and the United States.
From the Paper "India's developing conditions, along with the rural nature of most of its people has played a strong part in the country's major health problems. This state of affairs has lead to a disturbing lack of adequate surgical care for India's mostly rural population. (Udwadia, 2003) In addition, malaria, tuberculosis, sickle cell anemia, and diarrhea are all common problems in the region. (Ellis, 2004) Polio too has been a recent epidemic in the country. With India being one of only two countries in the world to see a significant rise in polio cases in 2002. ("Current", 2003) These diseases, although easily treatable in more developed countries, are sources of suffering and death for the people of India, in many cases."
Abstract The paper offers arguments on the importance of the U.S.-Indonesia relations during the Cold War era. The main point that this paper reflects is how the potential spread of Communism in Indonesia paved the way for the infiltration of U.S. foreign policy into Indonesia's domestic and foreign affairs. U.S. interest in Indonesia focused mainly on the country's abundance of natural resources and location, and the U.S. attempted to dissuade Indonesia from falling into Communist hands.
From the Paper ?With Sukarno spearheading the quest for Indonesia Merdeka, Indonesian demands for independence grew dramatically, prompting the colonial government to withdraw from its Ethical Policy commitments by the late 1920s. Fearing potential surges of nationalist movements, the leaders of PNI were arrested and later tried. Among others, Sukarno was arrested in December 1929 and put on trial for sedition in 1930, after which he was found guilty and sentenced to four years in prison. The imprisonment of the party leaders led to the dissolution of the PNI in April 1931. The split was thought to have been triggered by disparities in approaches to the nationalist movement, each with ethnic overtones. Furthermore, fueled by their intolerance of radical nationalist movements, the Dutch government formally banned a new stream of nationalist movement in the form of Partindo (Indonesian Party), which replaced the PNI as the new dominant force in nationalist movement."
Abstract This paper explains that the large Indian presence in the U.K. has made it relatively simple for Bollywood movies to forge an easy relationship with the average non-resident Indian (NRI). The author points out that, with markedly increasing numbers of movies and the demanding Indian population in the United Kingdom, there is a need for streamlined marketing and promotion strategies stressing the "desi" flavor of the Hindi movie industry. The paper relates that a feature in these successful movies is the depiction of an affluent NRI family with tremendous wealth, palatial residences, and successful business operations, combined with a happy and closely-knit family structure, traditional religion, and relationships transcending borders.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
Review of Literature
Aims
Objectives
Findings and Discussions
Bollywood Industry Today
Problems and Conclusion
Flip Flop
The American Connection
The Menace of Piracy
Governmental Support
Conclusion
From the Paper "It is not very surprising, therefore, to note that many popular films do better abroad than back at home. High-ranking stars of the industry have little to do to portray a well-orchestrated yarn in the movie, which in turn would go a very long way in wooing the crowd to watch it. With the passage of time, Bollywood films have earned a rare distinction of being ?home-made and successful-overseas.? The overseas market, hence, has been a very lucrative avenue for the star-studded Hindi movie. A good mix of performance, appealing collection of tracks and extravagant ambiance go a long way to help the Hindi film gross a respectable success in the UK box office. The Bollywood movie remains a representation of Indian culture, values and tradition thus creating more than just an emotional impact upon the average Non Resident Indian (NRI). The list of films that have been successful gainers in the UK box office is endless."
Abstract The author of this paper briefly summarizes Michael Ondaatje's book, "Anil's Ghost", and then goes on to describe the weakness of Ondaatje's book. The author contends that the book lacks a central theme, has weak character development, and that much of the text is superfluous.
From the Paper ""Anil's Ghost," can be read as a war story or it can also be seen as a tale of young woman coming back to her native land to find that she can no longer relate to the land or its culture. However from both perspectives, the book lacks depth and purpose, which is unfortunate since the author was not writing about some far off land but about his own country and their people. The problem with the book lies in its ambiguously developed characters and a general lack of central theme."
Abstract The pace of economic and political change in China has been very rapid, for both have shifted into what seems to be an ongoing expansion into a capitalist system. This paper shows that, since the early reforms, a new class of wealthy and prosperous Chinese has emerged, not to mention the great growth of the Chinese middle class, which is now comparable to that in the United States. By exploring some aspects of its long and violent past, especially those that took place in the later years of the 20th century, the paper shows how China has also changed from a socialist society that restricted private lives and affairs to a consumer society with increased economic freedom and individual participation.
From the Paper "Beginning in 1964, China secretly initiated a crash industrialization program that was originally intended as a backup for any kind of military strike by the United States or the Soviet Union. Because much of China's industry was then concentrated on the Pacific coast, the leaders endorsed a highly-centralized investment plan to erect new industrial facilities in remote regions of the country. By 1971, this military-industrial program absorbed the majority of China's investments and eventually relocated existing factories from the coast and created a heavy industrial system that was able to produce every conceivable piece of military equipment. Surprisingly, the turmoil associated with the Cultural Revolution did not highly affect this industrial program, for in reality, it surged ahead by starting "many projects before the planning was complete and scattering many new facilities in remote valleys to protect them from air attack" (Hsu 184)."
Abstract This paper summarizes Kingston's novel about the relationship between past and present, mother and daughter. The paper explains how the novel is a book about self-discovery and that, through the juxtaposition of the social and political circumstances of the mother and daughter, as well as their personal experiences, the stories in Kingston's book lead the narrator in the novel to evolve into a confident woman with a better understanding of who she is.
From the Paper "The complexities involved with mother daughter relationships are seen in Maxine Hong Kingston's The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts. In this combination of fact and fiction Kingston engages us by demonstrating the difficulties a Chinese-American girl encounters as she tries to relate to her Chinese born mother. Through a series of tales, the narrator discovers a her mother's character, which is inextricably connected to her past. The sharp contrast between mother and daughter exemplifies the socioeconomic and sociopolitical roles and constructs of its historical era. It is through the experience of her mother and those who came before her, that the narrator is able to embrace her present and future fully."
