Abstract This paper discusses the several factors responsible for the economic slowdown in South East Asian countries in recent years, including headings like the Asian Crisis and the Second World Economic Crisis. Graphs. There are statistics cited throughout the paper to support and balance the discussion.
From the Paper "The East Asian economic miraculous growth since the 1980s has came to an abrupt end with the Asian financial crisis from 1997 to 1998 (Cheong, 2001), and it has contributed significantly to the slowdown of Japan and the four Asian Tigers. There are several factors that led to the Asian Crisis in July 1997. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) (1999), the difficulties that East Asian countries faced were not primarily the result of macroeconomic imbalances. Rather, these stemmed from weaknesses in their financial systems and governance. Most were having budget surpluses, external surpluses, but low inflation. The maintenance of relatively fixed exchange rates led banks and corporations to borrow large amounts of international capital, much of it short-term, that are denominated in foreign currency, and unhedged. Also, as the contagion spread to Korea, the world's eleventh largest economy, the possibility of a default by Korea raised a potential threat to the international monetary system (IMF, 1999)."
Abstract This paper shows that Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan and Korea have been identified as the five best performing Asian economies, having grown twice as fast as other East Asian economies since the 1960's ? 1980?s. This essay identifies and discusses a range of reasons for the rapid economic growth rates of the economies of these countries. Arguments are supported by statements by different economists and statistical tables.
From the Paper "At the end of World War II, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore were war-shattered, largely resource-poor areas with rapidly growing populations and very low living standards. By the 1980s, Japan had become one of the world's richest countries and the others had achieved or were approaching income levels of developed nations (FCJ Editors, 1998). South Korea has jumped from being a developing nation to the status of advanced industrial nation. South Korea and Taiwan have recently made the leap to democracy. Hong Kong, probably the most freewheeling economic region in the world, was incorporated into the People's Republic of China on July 1, 1997. Singapore is an economic leader of all of South East Asia."
Abstract This paper explores Asian immigration to the United States during the 1970s. It describes the impact Asian immigration had on America since that time, the different Asian groups who arrived and the social and political reasons for their voyage to America. The author writes that Asian immigration to the U.S. began over a century ago, in 1830 Chinese immigrants entered New York, since then Asian immigrants have become one of largest foreign-born groups in America. The paper introduces a Taiwanese immigrant, Wu Hsiung Chu and presents the details of his life in Taiwan and his immigration to the United States of America.
From the Paper "Asian people were excluded from entering the United States, until the Immigration Act of 1965. This act allowed immigration from countries such as China, India, Korea, and the Philippines to grow. In addition to the immigration Act of 1965 another law in 1975 created a program of resettlement for refugees fleeing Cambodia and Vietnam. A year later, the program was extended to include Laotians. (People Is Plural)
Vietnamese immigration was slow until 1970 when it began building rapidly through the fall of Saigon in 1975. After that it increase with thousands of Vietnamese were admitted under refugee provisions created in an effort to save a half million South Vietnamese who fled Vietnam in tiny boats. During the highest point of Vietnamese immigration in the mid to late 70s, an average of 120,000 entered Vietnamese people came to the country each year. The Vietnamese American population is the most geographically concentrated among Asian groups. The largest waves of refugees were handled through Camp Pendleton located in Oceanside, California, and most of these Vietnamese immigrants settled in the Westminster area of nearby Orange County. (Parsing Asian America) "
Tags: united, states, usa, 1970, immigration, act, 1965, china, india, korea, philippines, taiwan, asia, social, political, voyage, immigrants
Abstract The following paper examines how India, a region that lags in social development, education and rights of women has one of the highest birth rates in the world. This paper argues that there is nothing like population control. The concept does not exist. The writer asserts that what exists is equality and empowerment in education, reproductive health and other areas as effective means of fighting the growth curve.
From the Paper "The world has a population of six billion. India alone has a population of one billion, in spite of the fact that India was the first country in the world to have a population policy. This large population is causing alarm. India is in the midst of a demographic transition, with fertility rates definitely declining, though not as fast as was expected. Population growth is the reason for every environmental problem facing India today, and many of their economic and social dilemmas as well. India, with a current estimated population of one billion and a population growth rate of 2.15%, has specifically staggering population-related problems, as one-third of the total population are subject to live below the poverty line. In addition, India's natural and environmental resources are shrinking. 53% of India's total land area is prone to soil erosion; dense and closed forests have been declining considerably and widespread water scarcity and water pollution subsist."
Abstract The paper investigates the causes, objectives and results of the Vietnamese Revolution of 1945, led by Ho Chi Mingh, in reaction to years of slavery inflicted by French imperialists.
From the Paper "The Vietnamese revolutionaries had many objectives. First, and foremost, they sought to free Vietnam from the rule of oppressive French imperialism, and subsequent Japanese occupation. The Revolutionaries sought not only to free themselves from oppression, but to create a great society of equality, where no person was superior to each other. The Revolutionaries wanted to improve the living conditions of the common people, and free them from slavery and poor working conditions. This communist objective led the Revolutionaries to attempt to create a state where all citizens were equal."
Examines causes of the 1997-98 financial "meltdown." Japan's banking system. Rise of & threats to Asian capitalism. IMF role in stabalizing currencies.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 11 sources, 2001, $ 71.95
From the Paper "This paper is an examination of the Southeast Asia economic crisis, referred to in some business reports as ?meltdown.? Whether that is actually the case, or whether the term "meltdown" is simply the product of a headline writer's attempt at immortality remains to be seen.
However, Tabb (1998), a usually prescient observer, observed "The Asian financial meltdown, when it reached front-page proportions in late 1997, was rightly called the most serious of any we have had since the 1930s. A mountain of paper assets - estimated at more than a trillion dollars - was swept aside" (Tabb, 1998, 24)."
Evolution after WWII. Dependence on U.S., treaties, economic power, neo-nationalism, politics, public opinion, defense buildup, energy issues, regional relations.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 25 sources, 1996, $ 111.95
From the Paper "This research paper examines the policy alternatives facing Japan as it seeks to redefine its national security policy in the post-cold war environment and analyzes the factors which have in the past and may in the future influence its direction. Since the end of World War II, Japan has become an economic superpower, but its physical security as a nation has been largely dependent on the protection of American military power. Recently, Japan has become more assertive in world affairs and has strengthened its own military capabilities. The domestic economic difficulties and political instability of the 1990s have led to a period of strategic indecision in Japan. The future direction of Japanese national security policy will be affected by a number of factors, the most important of which are Japanese traditions, Japan's..."
From the Paper "The underlying ideology behind affirmative action is that minority groups in the United States that have historically been discriminated against should be given the opportunity to repair the adverse effects of that discrimination. Affirmative action creates the opportunity for minorities to develop the education and skills necessary to compete in America. At its inception, its need was obvious. However, its necessity has been questioned of late due to the success of certain minority groups and the arguably adverse effects on groups not protected by its policies. Asian Americans represent a group that falls into both of these categories. This paper addresses the issues surrounding Asian-American admissions to American universities in light of issues raised by Derrick Bell's analysis of civil rights issues in his..."
From the Paper "This research paper discusses the concept of Asian American success and the degree to which it is myth or reality. Asian American immigrants and their descendants have achieved a quite remarkable degree of success in improving their material well being in the United States and otherwise becoming useful citizens; however, patterns of success and acculturation have varied across the diverse Asian American population at different times and some problems remain to be addressed."
Describes the history, growth, & spread of the Buddhism. Examines the reasons for the religion's popularity & unpopularity. Discusses the prospects for Buddhism in the future.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, 1997, $ 39.95
From the Paper " The Contributions of Buddhism to the Asian Cultures
Viewing Buddhism as a mystical religion far removed from the pressures and dynamics of capitalism is a popular belief but one which is far removed from the realities at the core of the religion. Buddhism has always faced this confusion, since there has always been "a tension between the this-worldly and the other-worldly. This tension was at the heart of many early doctrinal controversies about such matters as the nature of Nirvana, the purpose of monastic life, and the character of the relationship between monks and the laity" (Swearer, 1997, 81). It is this built in dichotomy between "this world" and "other world" that both hastened Buddhism's spread and caused resistance to what many nations saw (and some still see) as an encroachment. Is Buddhism that hard to understand? This analysis will trace.."
Innovations in transportation and communications during the twentieth century have resulted in the ability of goods and services to move among nations with greater ease than at any other time in history. International business is no longer the exclusive realm of the large multinational corporation; small businesses are creating marketing niches for themselves in particular product or service areas. Because of this greater interest in the global economy, companies which are seeking to build long-term strategic plans must consider whether or not international marketing is a critical part of those long-term plans.
When considering international marketing, companies must take into account their own internal structure, the role of the governments of the ..."
From the Paper "This research paper traces the political modernization of Indonesia through different stages in its economic and political development. Political and economic theorists have attempted to explain the process through which nations become modernized. Their theories can be roughly grouped among dependency theory and various schools of political modernization theory, some stressing the inevitability of democratization Western style and others suggesting that authoritarian models might be more suitable for East Asian cultures such as Indonesia. Despite its recent economic difficulties, Indonesia has made substantial economic progress in recent decades. However, for various historical and other reasons, political maturation has lagged behind ..."
Abstract "China today is a country working to develop a more viable economic system, one that fits better with the global economy of the rest of the world. Premier Deng Xiaoping has instituted a number of reforms which have helped transform the Chinese economy, and the success of these reforms is indicated by the continuous growth China has seen in its GDP since the late 1970s.
From the Paper "China today is a country working to develop a more viable economic system, one that fits better with the global economy of the rest of the world. Premier Deng Xiaoping has instituted a number of reforms which have helped transform the Chinese economy, and the success of these reforms is indicated by the continuous growth China has seen in its GDP since the late 1970s. Foreign investment has been a major factor in this growth cycle, and such investment has been attracted in part because of the reforms and also because of the huge market represented by the population of China.
The reform program had by 1987 pushed the Chinese economy well on its way toward achieving modernization and improved living standards, and the potential for further improvements in efficiency and productivity was increased by the revival of the ..."
An overview of the origins of Buddhism and major concepts and how the religion has been adapted to the American culture and values for Asian and non-Asian adherents.
4,050 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 14 sources, 1999, $ 135.95
Abstract "There is a sizable Buddhist community in the United States, one that constitutes a truly transnational community in that it not only is flourishing in the United States after having started elsewhere but also because it
From the Paper "There is a sizable Buddhist community in the United States, one that constitutes a truly transnational community in that it not only is flourishing in the United States after having started elsewhere but also because it has spread from its origins in India to many different parts of the world. Buddhism is an important religion in China and Japan as well as in India, and the American component has also taken a leading role in perpetuating the teachings of the Buddha and the ideas embodied in this religious doctrine. Buddhism is not a doctrinal religion, though it does have core beliefs and a core world-view. However, it is also a versatile religious philosophy which has been reshaped to serve different populations and to accommodate, assimilate, and intertwine with different views and religious..."
Examines the causes and effects. Discusses devaluation, historic bank failures and the impact on international banking, as well as currency exposure risks. Includes tables.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 9 sources, 1999, $ 87.95
Abstract "This paper is an examination of the Southeast Asia currency crisis in general and its relationship to, and possible impact on, the field of international banking (The BCCI affair..., 1992, Online; Haq, 1998).
From the Paper "This paper is an examination of the Southeast Asia currency crisis in general and its relationship to, and possible impact on, the field of international banking (The BCCI affair..., 1992, Online; Haq, 1998). One of the primary topics to be discussed is the fact that as a business and practice, an international bank has the primary goal of measuring an economy's performance and the stability of its currency so that investors can identify investment opportunities and thereby make value-added business decisions (Tamburini, 1997, 32).
Another topic addressed in this paper will be to explain and examine the reasons for the fluctuations in currency values, most of which are caused by a phenomenon caused by the currency exchange rate. Simply defined, this means the value comparison..."
