Four Psychology Research Articles

Paper Summary:

This paper analyzes four research studies: Barlow, D. H., & Agras, W. S., "Fading to Increase Heterosexual Responsiveness in Homosexuals;" Clark, R. N., Burgess, R. L., & Hender, J. C., "The Development of Anti-litter Behavior in a Forest Campground;" Mylar, J. L., & Clement, P. W. "Prediction and Comparison of Outcome in Systematic Desensitization and Implosion" and Riccio, D. C., & Silvestri, R. "Extinction of Avoidance Behavior and the Problem of Residual Fear." The paper presents a study whose purpose was to attempt to alter stimulus control of sexual arousal in homosexuals, with the technique, fading. The author reports that the purpose of the second study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a positive reinforcement incentive procedure for the increase of anti-litter behavior in children.The author continues that the purpose of the their study was to develop and test a model for the prediction of systematic desensitization and implosion outcomes. This paper states that the purpose of the fourth study was to discuss the possibility that the two-process model must be considered for the elimination of maladaptive behavior, since mere extinction of an avoidance behavior may not eliminate the residual fear.

Table of Contents (for each article)
Reference & Purpose of Study
Procedures Used in the Study
Results of the Study
Evaluation of the Article

From the Paper:

"This article presents case studies of the use of fading for the reduction of homosexual responsiveness. The purpose and procedure of the study were logically derived; however, they were not adequately supported. Notation of studies using aversive techniques, with resulting problems related to the development of heterosexual behavior, was appropriate. Mention was made regarding prior approaches to sexual deviation with altered stimulus control, and of prior use of fading in animals and humans, but information to support these notions was lacking. "

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