From the Paper
"Claude Monet produced a number of beautiful works late in life under very difficult conditions. His eyesight was beginning to fail, and he painted a number of pictures from memory rather than from life, notably pictures set in London and Venice. Monet had traveled extensively in Venice, and clearly this period in his life made an impression and influenced him so that when he needed a subject, he returned to this time and recalled images from his visit. A consideration of the development of Monet's style and how it was manifested during this period when his eyesight was failing can be illustrated with reference to the work "Grand Canal, Venice."

From the Paper
"Jean (Hans) Arp had a long and productive career in art during which he created numerous wood reliefs, collages and sculptures. Arp was associated with such movements as Dadaism, Surrealism, and Abstract-Creationism, and he experimented with elements of chance and automatism in his works. Arp's creations shocked the world when they were exhibited for the first time in 1916. However, it can be seen that Arp was presenting an important message regarding the relationship between art and life. In particular, by using chance elements, Arp tried to remove himself from his own art and to thereby allow his works to be closer to nature. This paper will explore this theme in Arp's work, and will relate it to the ideals of the various art movements that Arp was associated with.

Jean Arp was born in 1887 in a part of France which was at ... "

From the Paper
"Art therapy has come a long way since it was introduced into the psychoanalytic community in the 1940s. At first, it was used primarily as a tool for analysis by the therapist. Early practitioners felt that their role was to analyze the artworks on their own and to then guide their clients toward greater mental health on the basis of that analysis. In the 1950s, Viktor Lowenfeld became an important spokesperson for this approach to art therapy. Later, some therapists shifted their emphasis to "the integrative and healing properties of the creative process itself". ( As such, art therapy became concerned not only with the idea of helping clients to express their inner feelings, but also with the idea of helping them to work directly with the therapist toward an understanding and interpretation of the art itself."

From the Paper
"This paper will be concerned with anti-Semitism as seen in the art of the medieval period. Anti-Jewish sentiments in general were widespread throughout Europe in the Middle Ages. During that time, the Christian Church was attempting to become a dominant force in European society. Starting in the fourth century A.D., the Church "claimed universal sovereignty as a legacy from Constantine the Great". With this purpose in mind, the leaders of the Christian Church made a forceful effort to take over the known world of their time. Those leaders were extremely intolerant of any form of heretical dissent. For this reason, the medieval Church instituted "severe restrictions on progressive thought". This led to the official persecution of a variety of nonChristian groups, including the Jews. In addition to the fact that they rejected the teachings ... "

From the Paper
"This study will examine the lives of painters Gilbert Stuart and Rembrandt, and will focus on a description and comparison of two portraits by those painters, Stuart's "Ann Penn Allen" and Rembrandt's "Portrait of a Young Woman." The study will first present brief biographical backgrounds of the two painters and will then offer descriptions and comparisons of those two portraits.


Stuart was born in 1755 near Newport, Rhode Island, and died in 1828. He spent his early years in Newport, and approximately 1769 began studying under Cosmo Alexander, who was a Scottish portrait painter. Stuart returned with Alexander in 1772, and returned to Newport after his teacher's death. He returned to Britain to paint during the Revolution in the United States, studying under Benjamin West. He moved to Dublin from London in..."

From the Paper
"This paper will analyze the painting Bacchante with a Monkey (1627) by the Dutch artist Hendrick Terbrugghen (1588 - 1629). The painting is in the collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum in Malibu, California.


Bacchante with a Monkey is painted in the Baroque style. Terbrugghen was deeply influenced by the Italian painter Caravaggio, and this work exhibits that influence fully. The romantic choice of subject matter coupled with the naturalistic style of painting and the particular technique in using light and shadow are all elements of the Caravaggesque style.


Terbrugghen was from the city of Utrecht, in Holland. At the age of sixteen he travelled to Rome, Italy, and spent the next ten years of his life there. While in Rome, Terbrugghen became deeply influenced by the work of the early Baroque master..."

From the Paper
"The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) is responsible for funding many art projects throughout the United States. Recently, controversy has arisen concerning the group's funding of what right-wing fundamentalists consider "pornographic" art. As reported by NEA chair John Frohnmayer: "A dozen arts professionals in Seattle were informed that 'political realities' make it likely I will have to veto some grants recommended by the Endowment's peer panels.". These "political realities" come in the form of protests from people like Pat Robertson and Senator Jesse Helms who feel the NEA has recently funded some artists' works depicting what they consider "obscenity."
The NEA has funded many worthwhile projects in communities all over the country, for example, orchestras performing Brahms and Prokofiev's "Peter and the Wolf." However, shows exhibiting..."

From the Paper
"Napoleon In His Study

Jacques Louis David is most famous for his sweeping historical pictures that make political statements. The Oath of the Horatti and the Death of Marat were not just paintings but public manifestos. They were proof that art could be used to influence men's conduct. As Citizen David, friend of the revolution, he sought to create pictures that not only told a tale but also inspired courage, patriotism, and action. His themes dealt with issues on a grand scale and related to self-sacrifice, devotion to duty and civic virtues. However, "David is not only associated with the French Revolution but also with the era of the EmpireA" (Van Loon, 1937, p. 543). At 51, he began a new and triumphant career chronicling the glory of Napoleon."

From the Paper
"German Expressionism Die Br?cke 1905-1910

German Expressionism art arose in the early years of the twentieth century in Dresden, Berlin and Munich, as much a state of mind as a type of visual art. The young artists who gathered in various German cities were profoundly critical of the bourgeois materialism of modern life. They were more interested in man's spiritual condition and a harmonious relationship between people and their environment. These early twentieth century German artists were less interested in resemblance of their work to the subject matter than artistic vision, They wished to penetrate appearances in order to perceive the inner essence of things (Uhr 10).

The purpose of this paper is to explore and define German ..."

From the Paper
"John Trumbull:
John Trumbull, a colonel in the Revolutionary War, was the son of a distinguished scholar and governor of the state of Connecticut during the revolution. In the war, Trumbull used his skills as a draftsman by drawing plans of various works in which the army was interested. After his time in the army, Trumbull went to Europe to continue his studies of painting. Beginning in 1783, he studied day and night with Benjamin West in London. Under the tutelage of West and John S. Copley he devoted himself to art as a profession (National Cyclopedia 334).

Later, Trumbull would be considered the painter of the Revolution. In his early works, he painted subjects from Greek and Roman history, but he soon abandoned these in favor of contemporary history. His first such works were "Death of ..."

From the Paper
"Tagging and Graffiti


Public agencies, law enforcement officers, and business people in the nation's urban areas, struggle to keep up with graffiti damage inflicted by the recent nightly tagging activity of gang members. At times it seems like a race against the impossible; some observers even say that graffiti is a social statement or an art form. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss tagging, its role as art and social statement and other related issues of gang activity.


The graffiti movement began in New York City as an illegal, calligraphic, mobile public art in which gang members spray-painted their "tags" (gang names or nicknames) onto subway trains. The best writers or taggers became heros to their friends, and their unusual visual renderings commanded the..."

From the Paper
"Albrecht Durer's Religious Art


Albrecht Durer, a German Renaissance artist, has been likened to Leonardo da Vinci because of his search into man's physical and psychological being. He was interested in what was called "humors" or the temperament of people and has been termed the first true humanist of the North (Snyder 316). The word "humor" referred to the fluids in the body, and in the fifteenth century there were said to be four. The two secreted by the liver were gall and bile which caused despair and greed. Melancholia was also said to be the result of the humors of the liver. Phlegm, created in the lungs, was said to cause apathy, gluttony, and sloth. The sanguine humor was the product of overly active blood circulation, provoking vices of lust or lechery."

From the Paper
"Editor Hal Foster states in the preface to his book, The Anti-Aesthetic: Essays on Postmodern Culture, that he brought together the essays for this work in an effort to present a dialogue on the meaning of postmodern culture as reflected in all the arts. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss postmodern culture, its theory and practice, its affect on design issues, and its influence on society and reaction from society.


Foster defines postmodernism as a "conflict of new and old modes--cultural and economic" (xi). The anti-aesthetic relates to an interdisciplinary cultural position on the present time. It is his aim to reflect various different views coming from different art forms in order to stimulate thinking about the diverse nature of postmodernism and the anti-aesthetic.


In theory, postmodernism refers to the moving away of the..."

From the Paper
"Ansel Adams was born February 20, 1902 in San Francisco. He was a photographer best known for technical innovations in his work and for masterly representations of mountainous terrain. He started out as a student of music rather than photography, but photography was an avocation until 1927 when he published his first portfolio, Parmelian Prints of the High Sierras. This consisted of photographs in the style of the old Pictorialists who had imitated Impressionist painting by suppressing detail in favor of soft, misty effects often achieved in the darkroom rather than in the camera (Moritz, 1977, pp. 1-2).


Trained as a pianist, Adams divided his time between music and photography until 1930. That was when he was first impressed by the work of photographer Paul Strand, an American whose work emphasized beauty of tone and sharp detail. Adams then decided..."

From the Paper
"The readings under discussion concern the issues of modernism and postmodernism and the manner in which each has been manifested in terms of the shaping of urban space. Modernism is, after all, part of an effort to create a new environment to replace the old around the turn of the century, following in the wake of similar changes in political, social, literary, and other spheres of society. The application of these ideas to public space extends their meaning directly to society as a whole, attempting to alter the way we think of ourselves in relation to our external, public environment in keeping with the other changes taking place in human thought and attitude. Postmodernity was similarly a reaction to modernity and again a new way of viewing the world and our relationship to it. Each successive movement seems to build on the last either by..."