Abstract What are the laws in Arkansas regarding criminal activity? What sentences do criminals convicted of crimes receive? Finally, how does one become a law enforcement officer in that state? Those are the issues I will be addressing in this paper.
Abstract This paper addresses various aspects of Arkansas House Bill 1119 which bans gay adoption. Some of the aspects discussed include the history of the Bill, the at risk population and the people whose interests are served by this legislation. The paper also discusses the status of the Bill at the time the paper was written, why continuing advocacy is needed and evaluates the advocacy efforts to date.
Tags:Arkansas, House bill, anti-gay, gay rights, foster care, adoption, cohabitation, discrimination, advocacy
This paper examines the "Epperson v. Arkansas" case that claimed the statute privileging creationism and banning evolution was a violation of the Establishment Clause of the United States Constitution.
Abstract The paper provides a brief synopsis of the 1968 case, "Epperson v. Arkansas," which challenged the constitutionality of a state law forbidding the teaching of evolutionary theory. The paper outlines the arguments put forward by both sides of the case, details both positive and negative reactions to the outcome and describes the decision of the Supreme Court. The paper ultimately concludes that the ruling was just and in keeping with the letter and spirit of the Establishment Clause.
From the Paper "Few areas of jurisprudence are more controversial than matters involving the proper relationship between religion and public policy. In fact, rarely has this tension been more apparent than in the controversial case of Epperson v. Arkansas whereby the constitutionality of a state law privileging creationism while banning evolution was brought before the Supreme Court. The statute in question which sparked the controversy was challenged in 1968 by Susan Epperson, an Arkansas high school teacher who challenged the statute as a violation of the Establishment Clause of the United States Constitution. According to the court record, Epperson instituted her action first in the Chancery Court of Arkansas, seeking a declaration from the court that the statute was void while enjoining the State of Arkansas and defendant officials from dismissing her from her job for violating the terms of the statute."
Abstract During the period of 1830-1860, a new genre in America literature emerged, called the Southwestern Humor genre. This new form of literature illustrates and discusses issues and themes that are depicted effectively through humor and exaggeration. Southwestern humor is also remarkable in its ability to effectively mirror the social landscape of the Southwestern region of the United States. In the study and analysis of Southwestern Humor genre, important themes that can be found are the social, political and psychological illustrations and portrayals in the story, all of which are reflections of the writer's perception of his or her society. This paper uses as an example the work of Thomas Bangs Thorpe, entitled, ?The Big Bear of Arkansas.? This short story focuses on Jim Doggett, who earned the title of ?The Big Bear of Arkansas? because of his extraordinary skill in hunting bears. The story tackles the themes of the protagonist's affinity with nature, the rural and natural life and Arkansas, as well as the conflict between nature and civilization. This paper discusses these three themes in accordance to its social, political and psychological perspectives. The paper also shows that the short story illustrates the social issues of rural life and conflict between civilization and development and nature; the political orientation of Arkansas as a rural society; and the character portrayal of Jim Doggett as an individual who has close affinity with nature.
From the Paper "Hunting and planting are both symbols of the social progress that human civilization has undergone for many years. Hunting is a symbol for man's primitive nature, while planting is equated with progress (as man learned to live a sedentary life). Thus, Thorpe illustrates Arkansas as a place where nature takes control instead of human civilization and wherein hunting and leading a "primitive life" with nature is still evident through Jim Doggett's character. Doggett's failure to plant crops in his place illustrates how progress did not develop in Arkansas. In effect, because of the underdevelopment of urbanism, the state remained one of the "primitive" regions in America where humans are one with nature."
Abstract This paper treats the issue of endangered wildlife and examines the status of the American Alligator, the Bald Eagle, and the Indiana Bat, three species named on the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission's (AGFC) list of "Species of Special Concern." The paper relates that both Arkansas' state government and that of the United States have attempted to establish policies that will ensure the protection of American wildlife. The paper attempts to prove that while a few of these policies have provided some safety for endangered wildlife, most have proven unsuccessful and in desperate need of serious change.
From the Paper "The American Alligator is perhaps the most impressive success story of the attempts of both the federal government and the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission to protect an endangered species. The alligators, which are indigenous to the marshy areas of southern states like Florida and Louisiana, weren't threatened until alligator skin became fashionable, and thus, valuable, in the 1920's. Over a relatively short period of time, the southern marshes were full of 'hide-hunters,' who "decimated the species" (www.agfc.state.ar.us, 11-01-04). Finally, in 1967, alligators were declared an endangered species and granted protection.
Abstract The paper describes how, in 1957, nine Black American high school students walked into Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, at a time when segregation throughout the country was a way of life. The paper relates how a few weeks earlier, Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus had defied the Supreme Court, blocking admission of the nine students. The paper discusses how once Americans were able to get past the self-interest of its political leaders, the real work of healing the disease of racism was able to begin. The paper therefore considers this event as a giant step forward in the struggle for civil rights in America.
Outline:
Introduction
Desegregating America's Schools
The Little Rock Nine
Conclusion
From the Paper "In September, 1957, nine Black American high school students walked into Central High School, in Little Rock, Arkansas. What was unusual about that event was the time in history, 1957, when segregation throughout the country, most prominently throughout the southern states, was a way of life. The 1957 event in Little Rock was one marked by the presence of 1,200 armed military personnel from the 101st Airborne Division, sent to protect the young nine students, and to ensure that Little Rock's Central High and the State of Arkansas complied with the landmark Supreme Court case and decision in Brown v Board of Education, marking the end of segregated schools in America."
Abstract May 17, 1994, marks the fortieth anniversary of the Brown vs. Board of Education ruling, which was argued and won by Thurgood Marshall, whose passion and presence emboldened the Little Rock struggle. The paper examines Melba Patillo Beals commemoration of the milestone decision in her first-person account of the violent confrontation that helped shape the civil rights movement. In "Warriors Don't Cry" by Melba Patillo Beals, Beals' depiction of racism in Little Rock, Arkansas, reveals that she was not only a student during the Civil Rights Movement but also had to be a warrior who fought against segregation in the South. By examining Beals' memoirs, the paper shows how her real life experiences, particularly her experiences with desegregation, closely approximate the idea of a warrior.
From the Paper "In the beginning, the element of the warrior in Beals is directly related to the desegregation of her high school in Little Rock, Arkansas. In the book, there were two things that saved Beal when she walked in Little Rock High. One was the landmark 1954 Supreme Court ruling, Brown v. Board of Education, which "brought the promise of integration to Little Rock, Arkansas"(55). Yet, the ruling only paved the way for integration, the real battle was hard-won for the nine black teenagers chosen to be the front line in the desegregation of Central High School in 1957. These teenagers had to fight a battle that was both civil and governmental, fighting against a rampaging mob and the heavily armed Arkansas National Guard, dispatched by Governor Orval Faubus to subvert federal law and bar them from entering the school. The second thing that saved her was when President Dwight D. Eisenhower responded, "by sending in soldiers of the 101st Airborne Division, the elite "Screaming Eagles,"(177) which transformed Melba Patillo Beals and her eight friends into reluctant warriors on the battlefield of civil rights."
Tags:Arkansas, National, Guard, racism, Central, High
This paper discusses that the real heroes of the civil rights movement were the children and that desegregation in the schools is in danger of being overturned.
Abstract This paper reviews the classic school segregation cases: Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, the "Little Rock Nine" at Arkansas' Central High School and six-year old Ruby Bridges, the first black student to be admitted to the William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans, after the Supreme Court ruled to integrate the public schools. The author is concerned that today desegregation is facing serious problems: The proportion of blacks in black-majority schools is on the rise and desegregation orders have been lifted in many cities, resulting in the halting of court-supervised school integration.
From the Paper "Perhaps the best-known test of desegregation in practice was undertaken by the "Little Rock Nine" -- the nine black pupils who integrated Arkansas' Central High School for the first time in 1957. Greeted by a howling mob -- and the 101st Airborne sent in by President Dwight Eisenhower -- the students confronted a concentrated and vicious campaign to drive them from the school. They decided to stay, however, and, eventually prevailed, "leaving an indelible mark on the time and the times" ."
Abstract This paper examines how in 1945, Sam Walton opened his first five-and-ten cent store outside Bentonville, Arkansas and how it has grown to the largest retailing venture in the world with close to one million employees, and annual sales averaging tens of billions of dollars. It looks at the concept of the company town where major manufacturers created towns, complete with houses, stores, schools, banks, hospitals and other infrastructure amenities for the benefit of the employees and how nine out of every ten citizens of Bentonville work for Wal-Mart.
Outline
Analytical Exposition
Opening Statement
The Walton View
The Bentonville View
Critical Context
The Walton Middle Class
Conversion of the Skeptics
Is Wal-Mart Buying America or is America Buying Wal-Mart?
From the Paper "The town's web official web site barely mentions Wal-Mart, but there are signs all through the town that the appearance of normalcy is strained. For instance, few towns of 20,000 people in America are served by two major airports, have 24 hour ambulance service, have average home prices that start at $80,000, and also have dozens of lawyers, stock brokers and banks from 11 different countries. Likewise, few towns of that size have 12 competing Internet Service Providers, and the highest per-capita rate of Internet hookups in the world. Such facts beg two questions that must be answered. First, is Bentonville a paradigm of a new concept of a company town? Second, is the concept of a "company town" even valid in a world of global connectivity?"
Abstract This paper will discuss the book" Warriors Don't Cry", by Melba Neals and seek to understand the basis for this book about high school. By revealing the character's basis for this work, we can see what the struggles of this book tell us about the author. By realizing that there were two promising elements that kept Beal alive during the race integration of Arkansas, we can see how she grew to be a mature woman whom could see through the hate that surrounded her life in the story.
Abstract Through a reading of her memoir "Living History", this paper assesses Clinton's rise to leadership and her various strengths and weaknesses as a leader. The first part of the paper studies the first leadership roles of the young Hillary. The next part then evaluates Clinton's actions in light of the various theories discussed in Peter G. Northouse's "Leadership" and Lee G. Bolman's "Reframing Organizations". The next parts examine how she has gone on assuming new roles, from her political conversion to a Democrat and her early career as a lawyer in Arkansas. Much of the paper is necessarily devoted to her leadership role as the First Lady amid much scandal, public adulation, and public censure. In the last section, the paper summarizes how the theories on leadership help shed light on the processes and decisions made by Clinton through various points in her career.
From the Paper "Unlike them, Clinton was clearly not interested in this delicate, secondary form of leadership. Rather, she became an active participant in several of her husband's most important campaigns ? from health care to welfare reform. When her term as First Lady ended, she extended her leadership role further in her new position as New York's junior senator."
Abstract This paper discusses the biography of Maya Angelou "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings". The paper reviews the life of this African-American poetess, discussing the hurdles she has had to overcome on her journey to becoming the U.S. poet laureate. The paper parallels the book, tracing Angelou's voyage from Arkansas to St. Louis to San Francisco, and through the minefields of racism in America.
From the Paper "When she was forced to spend some time in the black section of St. Louis, this second-class education became even more real. "When we were enrolled in Toussaint L'Ouverture grammar school, we were struck by the ignorance of our classmates and the rudeness of our teachers." Without saying so, one might infer that the rudeness of the teachers was due to their frustration. In those days, education was of little benefit for "colored children". Their career choices were limited, and, to a large part of Negro ghetto life, an education was a source of derision. The fact that she learned to read and love Shakespeare, came because of the largesse of a wealthy black woman in Stamps, not because of the Missouri or Arkansas black school systems."
Abstract This paper uses references to several landmark cases in child abuse prosecution to discuss the topic of child abuse. The paper takes an even-handed approach to discussing the topic in the sense that it acknowledges society's obligation to protect children, and contrasts this against the rights of the accused.
The paper refers to the following court cases as examples : McDonald v. State, Landeros v. Flood, Arkansas Dept of Human Services v. Caldwell, Korunka v. Dept. of Children Services, Cavarretta v. Dept. of Children and Family Services, Arkansas Dept. of Human Services v. Heath.
From the Paper "The child welfare system is a group of services designed to promote the well-being of children by ensuring safety, achieving permanency and strengthening families to successfully care for their children. Child welfare systems are complex and their specific procedures vary widely by State. However, in each state the physical and emotional welfare of children is of primary importance in each state's child welfare system. There are different types of child abuse. One is neglect. Neglect involves failure to provide for a child's basic needs..."
Tags: Education, child abuse, reporting, false reports, famous or landmark cases
Abstract This paper looks at the book "Warriors Don't Cry" which is the story of a young African American child who was one of the first who forced racial integration into the Little Rock school system. The writer analyzes how the book, which is written through the eyes of a child, helps people realize the stupidity of their bigotry.
From the paper:
"?We are not these bodies, we are spirits, God's ideas,? Grandma India explained to Melba Pattillo Beals one afternoon as they tended Grandma's garden of four-o?clocks. "You don"t want to be white, what you really want is to be free, and freedom is a state of mind? (6). It was perhaps those words of wisdom spoken to a child only six years of age that helped create the courage that would one day be needed by Melba to fulfill her destiny. Melba Pattillo would, ten years later, be among the first Black children to attend and help integrate Little Rock's previously all-White Central High School."
Abstract This paper describes the battle of Wilson's Creek, which is often overlooked when recounting Civil War skirmishes. The writer includes a complete order of the battle and identifies several notables in this battle, among others - Brigadier General Nathaniel Lyon and Colonel Franz Sigel.
From the Paper "On the edge of the meadow"was a low rail fence; the Rebels rallied under the shelter of it, and, as if by some inspiration or immediate change of orders, they broke it down in places and started for our artillery. As they got nearer to us, their own artillery ceased firing, because it endangered them. When they got close the firing began on both sides. How long it lasted I do not know; it was probably 20 minutes. Every man was shooting as fast, on our side, as he could load, and yelling as loud as his breath would permit. Most were on the ground, some on one knee. The foe stopped advancing.?(Bearss, 109) That's the way it was on August 10, 1861, as seen through the eyes of a soldier from Kansas in Union service. The field of battle is silent now, broken only by the occasional tourist, school group, historian, or Civil War reenactment group camped on the site. Now administered by the National Park Service, the area known as Wilson's Creek National Battlefield was the site of some of the most savage fighting on American soil up to that time. The carnage of Shiloh, Antietam, Gettysburg, and Cold Harbor were still far in the future."
Tags:arkansas, bloody, civil, corn, field, hill, history, lyon, mcculloch, missouri, pea, pearce, price, ridge, rolla, sigel, war, wilson
