Abstract This paper describes the use of illegal drugs, especially marijuana and cocaine, by middle school students in southern Arizona. The paper contains a section that defines the drug problem, presents some of its causes and also offers a long section on prevention, with suggestions of how to decrease the drug problem among middle school students in southern Arizona. The paper focuses a lot on Tucson.
From the Paper "In Southern Arizona as well as the rest of the United States, drug addiction is a serious and widespread problem among adolescents and the problem is growing. Although the discussion of drug use in juveniles used to be reserved for high school students, as time has progressed, the users of drugs have gotten younger and younger so it is now time to focus on drug addiction, especially addiction of marijuana and cocaine, by southern Arizona middle school students. It seems that the drug problem in middles schools today has been increasing in recent years. According to the National Survey of American Attitudes in Substance Abuse X: Teens and Parents, "Since 2002, the number of students who attend schools where drugs are used, kept or sold has jumped 41 percent for high school students and 47 percent for middle school students"(National, 2005)."
Abstract This paper discusses the case of Miranda v. Arizona. According to the paper, Miranda was arrested by police and taken to the police station. He was repeatedly asked questions about the crime he was to have committed and repeatedly asked for his attorney. The officers handling the case refused to summon Miranda's attorney, and although Miranda's attorney did come to the police station to represent him during the questioning, the attorney was denied access to Miranda for the duration of his stay at the police station. The paper further reports that when Miranda refused to answer questions he was handcuffed and forced to remain in the interrogation room in excess of four hours while the police continued to demand a confession. Miranda finally succumbed to the pressure and confessed to the crime. At no time before, during or after the interrogation process was Miranda informed of his constitutional rights.
Abstract This paper presents a detailed examination of Arizona's Proposition 207 Private Property Rights Protection Act. The writer explores its elements and the advantages and disadvantages of its passage. The author concludes that Proposition 207 is a measure intended to protect landowners however its outcome remains to be seen.
Outline:
Introduction
What It Is
The Cons
The Pros
Conclusion
From the Paper "The second element of land use and government action that Proposition 207 deals with is the area of regulations. In the past, if the government suddenly decided to declare a certain bird or tree or flower as protected, and that flower appeared on someone's land, that person was prohibited from the development of the land that the protected element was located on. What this means is before the passage of 207 if the government suddenly decided that a rose was protected, and land had natural roses growing on it the land could not be sold or developed as the owners would be government ordered to set aside that land as a natural preserve."
Abstract This paper discusses the Ray Copper Mine in Arizona. Arizona is the largest producer of copper in USA. There are some other states where copper reserves have been discovered but Arizona by far remains the leading copper-producing state accounting for 65 percent of the total US copper-production. Copper and its by-products represent over 80 percent of Arizona's nonfuel mineral value.
Abstract The paper relates that child poverty, high school education and health insurance are widely recognized as the standard indicators upon which the social health of a country is measured. The paper reveals that all the above statistic indices are unfavorable in the case of Arizona. The paper provides a brief overview of childhood poverty and the current statistics for Arizona. The paper analyzes the social factors that contribute to child poverty and looks at the growing social problem of drug abuse. The paper contends that alleviating childhood poverty should not just be a slogan, but a high priority issue.
Outline:
Thesis
Introduction
Arizona: Childhood Poverty (Statistics)
Poverty and Drugs
Other Social Indicators
Conclusion
From the Paper "The United States is undoubtedly one of the best-developed nations in the world. Equal is its strategic might with its military presence in innumerable countries across the world. Amidst all these achievements and high standard of life style that the nation enjoys, it seems ironic that the US also bears the dishonour of being the worst among developed nations when it comes to the number of children affected by poverty. Children are the future of any nation and hence their proper overall development is of utmost importance. Nationwide, Arizona alongside Louisiana and Mississippi continues to suffer from high child poverty rates with disturbing consequences for the youth."
Abstract The paper discusses the statute which prohibited smoking in most indoor public places in Arizona. The paper highlights the voter-generated initiative, which generated public support through a wide-spread state-wide advertising campaign that encompassed a variety of media. The paper reports that the initiative was submitted to the public in November of 2006 and as a result the citizens of Arizona overwhelmingly passed Proposition 201, "The Smoke-Free Arizona Act."
Outline:
Introduction
Reason for Selection
Description of the Issue/Problem
Background Factors Contributing to the Issue
Supporting Data to Validate Existence of Problem
Possible Community Health Nursing Interventions
From the Paper "The voter-generated initiative generated public support through a wide-spread state-wide advertising campaign that encompassed a variety of media, including television, print, and the Internet. The initiative was submitted to the public in November of 2006. The citizens of Arizona overwhelmingly passed Proposition 201, The Smoke-Free Arizona Act. The statute prohibited smoking in most indoor public places including (amongst the most controversial areas) restaurants, bars, gaming facilities such as bingo halls, billiard or pool halls, bowling centers, public buildings, grocery stores or any food service establishment."
Tags: smoking, ban, public, support, community, health
Abstract This paper examines the educational bill called Arizona Proposition 203, which prohibited education of bilingual students in their native language, even though such education had been proven to be more successful at teaching other subjects than English-language instruction. The paper describes the dramatic and negative impact of this bill on the education of thousands of Arizona students.
From the Paper "The negative effects of such an immersion program are more than just speculation. Arizona implemented a similar program for almost half of the 20th century. The program, known as 1-C, "required English learners of all ages to be placed in separate classrooms for one year before they were placed in mainstream classrooms, restricted the use of their native language, and used teachers who were not bilingual and were not trained in the education of English learners." (Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, 1999). The results were that the graduation rates for Latinos were outrageously low. (Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, 1999). In fact, Arizona's bilingual language programs developed to correct the problems created by 1-C's English immersion program."
Abstract The paper relates that in Arizona, the rapid population growth and economic expansion has increased concerns about future water supplies in an already drought-plagued area. The paper describes how the city of Las Vegas has measures that restrict outdoor watering of plants and cars, filling hot tubs and swimming pools and that restrict professional car-washing businesses to four days a week. The paper highlights the real economic damage to construction companies, tourist destinations and other businesses that are economically vital to the area. The paper offers ideas to encourage conservation measures, especially in agriculture.
From the Paper "A review of these restrictions demonstrates how droughts are not merely an irritant to persons wishing to have beautiful gardens and pools, but can cause real economic damage to construction companies, tourist destinations, and other businesses that are economically vital to the area. Also, droughts have caused resentment between cities, such as Las Vegas and Tuscan, which have active water conservation programs, and rural communities that do not place similar burdens on residents and farmers. Councilman Louie Trujillo of Las Vegas said it was unfair that city residents had to conserve their water rural areas place no such restrictions during droughts. 'We would like more cooperation from our neighbors.'"
Abstract The paper relates that the film, "Raising Arizona" (1987) continues to be successful today in rental and DVD sales because it parodies family and social issues that are consistent in American society. The paper explores the filmmaking techniques, social issues and the directorial choices in the making of this great film and comedy.
From the Paper "The opening scene is one that serves not just to draw the viewer into the film in an entertaining way, but helps introduce the relationship and moods of the main characters' personalities. H.I. McDonnough, a small-town career criminal, played by actor Nicolas Cage, is arrested - again. Edwina, played by actress Holly Hunter, is taking H.I.'s mug shots. The scene in the police station shows H.I. stands against the line tape and we know that he is six feet tall, disheveled in his unbuttoned and colorful Hawaiian shirt, his thick mass of dark and uncontrollable manly chest hair showing above his Italian t-shirt line and he stares with a love-struck look at Edwina."
Abstract This paper presents sociological theories of what a community is and asks the question whether this can be artificially created using the Del Webb planned community in Arizona as a basis for the discussion.
From the Paper Del Webb is the nation's leading builder of active and adult lifestyle communities for people aged 55 and older. They are also the largest builder of single-family homes in the United States. So, when they built their master-planned community "Anthem" about 35 miles north of Phoenix, Arizona in the middle of the Southwestern desert, it would certainly follow that this community that itself sprung up out of nowhere in the middle of the desert like the fabled "Phoenix" would be a success.
Abstract This paper is an in-depth exploration of the Hopi Tribe of northern Arizona and the Yanomami Tribe of Brazil and Venezuela. The author contrasts and compares both of these peoples and illustrates the differences, as well as the many similarities between these two cultures that are located so far apart. Some of the topics covered are their individual histories, descendants, culture, patterns of living, religion, the role of their respective governments in their ability to maintain their respective homelands and the role of that agriculture plays in both societies.
From the Paper "The life at the Hopi villages revolves around their religious calendar. The calendar is divided on the basis of the visits of the "Kachinas". The Kachinas are believed to be the ancestral spirits which arrive after the winter and leave at the time when the summer season is at its peak. To recognize and celebrate their stay, colorful ceremonies and dances are arranged in the village plazas. It is believed that such ceremonies are going to benefit the people, plants, animal and spirit life of the tribe. When these Kachinas finally depart from the tribe, stamped images of the Kachinas are given as spiritual gifts. The Katsinam, who perform the public dances, are sacred to the Hopi people, as are the carved Kachinas which have been ceremonially sanctified. The religion is something of prime importance in the Hopi culture."
Extensive bibliography but no footnotes, or endnotes.
Abstract This paper discusses and analyzes the topic of the functions of myth, as defined by author Joseph Campbell in his book, "The Power of Myth". Specifically, it explains Campbell's four functions of myth and show how they are demonstrated in Native American Hopi culture. The Hopis of Northern Arizona epitomize the four functions of myth in their culture and society. Their society is based on myth, religion and spiritual celebration and they have held on to these myths when many other tribes have turned away from their spiritual and mythical past. The paper shows that the Hopi's myths relate to the earth, the natural world surrounding them and their dependence on this natural world for their survival. They understand the importance of myth in a healthy society and, because of this, they have one of the longest surviving Native American societies in the Southwest desert.
From the Paper "The priests in the ceremony carry the snakes in their mouths as they circle a central plaza in the village where the ceremony is performed. After several groups of priests make their way around the plaza with the snakes, the snakes are gathered up by "snake gatherers," and carried out into the desert below the mesas, where they are released. If the dance is performed correctly, the Hopis believe it will bring rain (O'Kane 196-205). The Snake Dance is an excellent example of myth in its purest form, as it is the physical acting out of only one of the most important and vital Hopi myths. The myth relates directly to the health and well being of the community, and celebrates the wonder of the rain and the snakes and their relationship to the natural (and unnatural) world. It is their belief the snakes can communicate with the spirits who will send the rain, and to make the spirits happy, they must use just the right snakes, and then send them home (their release in the desert) to carry their message."
Abstract This paper examines racial discrimination, as enforced through law enforcement personnel and in clear violation of the U.S Constitution. It discusses three landmark cases where the same racial justice in America was differently interpreted and the impact on the performance of the duty of the law enforcement officers. The cases are Mapp vs. Ohio, 1961; Terry vs. Ohio, 1968; and Miranda vs. Arizona, 1966.
From the Paper "In the Miranda vs. Arizona case, petitioner Ernesto Miranda was taken into custody from his home and locked up in the Phoenix Police lock up facility. Upon identification by the complaining witness, Miranda was taken in to one of the interrogations rooms of the police station, and questioned by police officers. Miranda was not advised of his constitutional rights, nor his right to an attorney. Instead, Miranda was made to a sign a pre-typed statement, where-in it was categorically typed and mentioned that the confession by him was voluntarily made, was without any threats, or promises of immunity, and "with full knowledge of my legal rights, understanding any statement I make may be used against me". (Miranda v. Arizona, 1966)."
Abstract This paper first gives a brief history of the "Miranda vs. Arizona" landmark case in which the Supreme Court ruled that, upon arrest, a defendant must be informed of certain constitutionally protected rights. The paper then discusses the significance of "Dickerson vs. United States," a case that challenged the Miranda ruling. This is followed by a discussion of the positive and negative impacts the Miranda rule has had on the criminal justice system, as well as the author's own arguments that pre-Miranda rule on the issue would cause more harm than good and would place a considerable burden on the justice system.
From the Paper "In 1966, the Supreme Court decided Miranda v. Arizona, a landmark case that has had far-reaching effects on all aspects of American life. The case sought to reconcile the conflict between law enforcement and individual interests. While the case and its ensuing decision is more complicated, the essential question presented in Miranda asked whether individuals have the right to be informed by the police, before interrogation, of certain constitutionally protected civil rights. Thirty-four years later, in 2000, the decision reached in Miranda was challenged by Dickerson v. United States, which questioned the constitutionality of a 1968 statute. The main issue raised in Dickerson was whether Congress could legislatively overrule Miranda v. Arizona and its guidelines for the admissibility of statements made under custodial interrogation."
Abstract This paper explains that the case "Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436" (1966) is synonymous with the Miranda warnings given to accused criminals reminding them of their right to remain silent and to an attorney. The author points out that the Miranda cases did not create these rights; under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments, defendants already had them; however, many defendants were either ignorant of them or unsure how to exercise them. The paper states that the Miranda requires the police to inform suspects of their rights prior to their interrogations; the failure to follow this process can invalidate the results of otherwise legal confessions.
From the Paper "While some might agree with the dissent's concerns, the end result of the Miranda controversy tends to indicate otherwise. "Miranda was retried, and this time the police did not use the confession but called witnesses and used other evidence. Miranda was convicted, and served 11 years." In other words, the exclusion of the results of coercive interrogations does not necessarily mean that criminals will go free. However, the fact that the Miranda decision cannot be equated with a license to commit crime does not mean that the Miranda decision did not have a dramatic effect on police procedure. Police departments were inquired to issue the so-called Miranda warnings prior to interrogating a person under arrest. There was controversy as the courts had to determine what constituted arrest and custodial interrogation. The result was that, once a defendant is no longer free to leave or to end questioning, even voluntary interrogations become custodial."
