Abstract Ferdinand of Aragon is represented both directly and indirectly in the text. Ferdinand of Aragon is one of the few characters whom Machiavelli openly compliments. However, as the research demonstrates, Ferdinand of Aragon is indirectly mentioned in several instances that contradict the praises openly bestowed upon him. Ferdinand of Aragon is often referred to as Ferdinand the Catholic. The research supports the thesis that when Machiavelli speaks of Ferdinand of Aragon, he his actually expressing his political views about he Catholic Church as a whole. Furthermore, the research demonstrates how Machiavelli uses Ferdinand of Aragon and passages about other prominent figures in the Catholic Church to express ideals regarding the separation of church and state that will eventually lay the ground work for many modern political ideas.
From the Paper "Prior to the time of Machiavelli, Italy had lived in a period of stability and peace. To many the Catholic Church symbolized this peace. The Catholic Church was the governing force in the area. During the time of Machiavelli, many people began to see the corruption and greed the enveloped the supposedly pious leaders of the time. During the time of Machiavelli, the people began to view the Church as a symbol of greed and corrupt power. However, at that time the Church held so much power that it was dangerous to speak out against the Church. To do so could be dangerous and the person ran the risk of persecution or excommunication.
Many writers of the time wished to express their opinions and the opinions of those who disagreed with the Church. Dante's Inferno is a classic example of this technique. In this work the characters on the road to Hell embodied principles, rather than the actual persons represented. The ideals were hidden metaphorically in the characteristics and lives of the characters. Machiavelli used this technique also and Ferdinand of Aragon is one of the primary examples of the use of metaphor to describe the Catholic Church."
Abstract This paper reviews the idea of community in Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman". It then discusses a chapter by Ferdinand Tonnies "The Argument". The paper discusses the way in which Tonnies develops an argument about the nature of community and in the process, makes a compelling argument for the value and worth of true community.
From the Paper " The Idea of Community in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman and Ferdinand Tonnies' "The Argument" In the chapter "The Argument," Ferdinand Tonnies develops an argument about the nature of community. In the process, he makes a compelling argument for the value and worth of true community. In Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman, by contrast, we see a man existing without any community, in the sense described by Tonnies - although the man is not truly aware of it. In the light of Tonnies' description of community, Willy Loman's implosion becomes understandable. In addition, Loman's notion of society is inferior to Tonnies' notion."
Abstract This paper examines how there are historians who say the seeds of the Cold War, the long struggle of wills, ideology, plus brutal military might being brandished to the loyal allies of both Cold War antagonists, the West and Russia / Soviet Union, were created by the not-so-perfect peace that ended WWI. It also explores other claims that say the Cold War seeds were planted in 1914, when the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated. It looks at the background history of these events and attempts to make a connection between what happened and the later conflict between East and West.
From the Paper "However, although new maps were drawn " and the Austro-Hungarian empire became fragmented, with Serbia and Bosnia becoming part of Yugoslavia " in the bigger picture, guns were also drawn. Indeed, one month following Franz Ferdinand's murder, Austria declared war on Serbia after Serbia had rejected an unreasonable and impossible set of conditions in an Austrian ultimatum. The announcement of Austria's war declaration prompted Czar Nicholas II to ally his Russian nation with Serbia (fellow Slavs). Two days after Russia's declaration of support for Serbia, Germany's Kaiser Wilhelm urged Nicholas to recall his troops."
Tags: austria, serbia, archduke, franz, ferdinand, east, west
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that many factors initiated the start of World War I, but specifically it could be said that the origins of World War I began with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. The writer maintains that this was the symbolic beginning of the war, although there were deeper rooted problems that may not have been as publicized. The writer then looks at how different countries became entangled in the war. The writer concludes that it was a needless war that should have been resolved between the two arguing nations diplomatically. Further, the writer maintains that militarism and alliances entangled many countries which should not have been part of this war. This paper uses footnotes but does not append a bibliography.
From the Paper "By racing for control of the free world, countries naturally made enemies. Following the assassination of Ferdinand, Austria-Hungary's heir to the throne, an ultimatum was issued to Serbia, who was believed to be responsible. The ultimatum called for the Assassins to be brought to justice. Displeased with the compliance by Serbia, on July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia."
"This immediately entangled about 15 countries in the war. Russia, who was bound by treaty to Serbia, declared war on Austria-Hungary, which caused Germany, an ally to Austria-Hungary, to declare war on Russia. With recent tension between Germany and France, France, allied to Russia declared war on Germany and brought Britain and Japan with them."
Abstract The paper is an investigation of the domestic, political conditions that led to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the ensuing crises. It frames the events of that day in the context of Serb domestic politics. Intro includes note on sources, background and Pan-Serbism historical context, nationalism, Balkan wars, previous coups and assassinations, and previous crises in the region. It also provides a brief history of terrorism, militant groups, and militias in Serbia.
From the Paper "Is it possible that history consists primarily of chaos and chance? When theories of dialectic historicism fail us, or when studies of the "great men" leave gaps, are we not left with dumb luck alone? Where would we be today if the Archduke of Austria-Hungary had taken another road? Would ten million have died if Gavrilo Princip had panicked at his chance to take the life of the heir to the Hapsburg throne? It seems impossibly fascinating to think that sheer coincidence tipped off the spiraling of Europe into the godforsaken trenches for more than half a decade. Unfortunately, as seductive as this what-if history may seem, there were actually some concrete factors at play on the fateful day in June of 1914. The Serbs had seen a rising patriotism across their society since the Balkan Wars. The government had no control over its own security forces, which developed into a state within a state. The militias popping up all over the Balkans were beyond of the control of authorities. Had Princip failed, it is not inconceivable that another disillusioned young radical would have eventually crossed a line somewhere and set things into motion. The conditions in Serbia at the time made it possible, with the atmosphere of rising nationalism, a growing militant movement uncontrollable by civil authorities, and an expanding and dangerous unaccountability on the part of certain elements of the Serb security forces. It was these domestic conditions, born out of history and contemporary conditions, which set the stage for the tragic murders of Sarajevo."
Tags: apis, black, ferdinand, hand, pasic, princip, sarajevo, serbian
Abstract This paper reviews Riasanovsky's work about the reign of Nicholas II and how it ultimately led to sweeping liberal reforms and the Revolution of 1905.
From the Paper "Many historians have dwelt on exactly why and how the reign of Nicholas II came to its end, and it seems that the answer lies largely in what such a deposed autocrat might have done while in power, why he did it and under what circumstances he lost control of the Russian monarchy. As emperor, Nicholas II was never in doubt about the dangers that surrounded him and his family, and his main anxieties were about his own ability to cope with them. But one thing was crystal clear to him Russia must avoid war at almost all costs until she was prepared for war, and even then she would have to weigh in the balance what this would do to her prosperity and stability."
Abstract Born on March 10, 1452, at Sos in Aragon, Ferdinand V was the son of John II of Aragon and Juana Enriquez of Castile. This paper shows that as Ferdinand the Catholic of Spain and the husband of Isabella I, heiress apparent to the Castilian crown, this dynamic monarch laid the foundations of Spanish unity and imperial power. The paper explores how Ferdinand was instrumental in the "discovery" of America by Christopher Columbus in 1492 and the introduction of Spanish power in the "New World" which altered the entire history of the Western hemisphere.
From the Paper "In Aragon, Ferdinand approached his problems connected with Catalonia in a more constitutional way. The Sentence of Guadalupe in 1486 offered a compromise solution to the difficult peasant question in Catalonia, where the municipalities were assured a degree of autonomy. In Catalonia, the king remained essentially what he had been in medieval times, namely a supreme lord but with strict limits on his powers. But in Castile, the Crown was in a position to exercise absolute power, while in Catalonia and throughout Aragon, power was limited by the traditional contractual relationship. This contrast was to be profoundly important for the later history of the two Crowns and lay at the root of the major rebellions, especially that of 1591, that the citizens of Aragon were to undertake against Castile."
Abstract The paper illustrates how in Louis-Ferdinand Celine's book "Journey to the End of the Night", Ferdinand Bardamu travels the world and participates in delusions about it because he wishes to escape from the stupidity and hypocrisy of a moribund society. The paper explains how Bardamu's life has been filled with hallucinations and dreams since his memories of life are filled with the brutal cruelty that he finds unlivable. The paper then shows how ultimately, Bardamu comes to terms with life and death not through the escapism that has become so familiar to him, but through actually participating in life.
From the Paper "In Louis-Ferdinand Celine's book Journey to the End of the Night, Ferdinand Bardamu travels the world and participates in delusions about it because he wishes to escape from the stupidity and hypocrisy of a moribund society. It's not that Ferdinand Bardamu's objective is to rid himself of society, its just that as Bardamu, as Havelock Ellis points out, is attempting to find stability and harmony as he compulsively moves towards a "schizoid tendency," finds himself losing "contact with reality" (431). In the process of finding himself, Bardamu is confronted with the oppressive disadvantages of his attitude toward life, and thus, he battles off romantic idealism and falls pry to an escapism of hallucinations and dreams that he experiences as psychic truth. Amidst these delusions, Bardamu struggles with the overwhelming facts of violence and death as the one true reality that exists in a decadent society."
An in-depth analysis of this English Renaissance tragedy, the various factors involved which lead to the tragic ending and the struggle between good and evil.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 2 sources, 2001, $ 83.95
Abstract In this paper the author examines the theme of tragedy that runs through this play. In so doing he looks at the primary relationships in the play - the relationship between the Cardinal, the Duchess and Ferdinand and the relationship between the Duchess and Antonio which he suggests is central to the play. He also suggests that the character of Bosola is an additional factor in the events that lead to the tragic end. The author examines each of these factors in turn, looking at the characters involved, their characteristics and the meaning of each factor and concludes by showing, not only how all these events led to the tragic ending, but also what meaning this has for the reader.
From the paper:
"The central tragedy of the play is that of the Duchess. She is represented as a fine woman in terrible circumstances. Her tragic flaw is her need to follow her heart. She defies the reality of the situation and makes the decision to marry Antonio and ultimately suffers for this choice. The tragedy of the situation is that she does nothing wrong. Her relationship with Antonio is pure. Even with the tragedy that results, she accepts this as a consequence of loving Antonio and accepts her fate."
From the Paper " In terms of popular understanding of the history of this reign, the patronage of Columbus and his discovery of America overshadows far more significant social, political, religious, and economic developments resulting from the contemporary liberalism of these two monarchs, called "The Catholic Kings." In 1469, Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Aragon. In 1474, when Henry IV of Castile died, he the half-brother of Isabella, Isabella became Queen of Castile. In 1479, John II of Aragon died, and Ferdinand inherited his throne. With their great minister, Cardinal Mimenes, they worked harmoniously in fusing all the states of Spain into a political and ecclesiastical unity. Reorganizing the Santa Hermandad, or Holy Brotherhood, a body of some 2,000 police, they checked robberies ... "
