Abstract The paper describes the traditional, ideal Apache family. It looks at their close ties to extended family and examines how the leader of a tribe would prevent disharmony in the group. The paper also looks at traditional Apache religion and how hunting was an integral part of the Apache's lifestyle.
From the Paper "The Apache had many distinct branches, some in the south, west or east. However they shared many things in common when it came to their political and social organization. In the ideal Apache family there would be a husband and a wife. It was the husband's job to join the family of his wife. The couple would share their household with their unmarried children and the families of their married daughters. Due to this marriage arrangement, the wife was the member of the family who brought in extended members. Wives played an important role in the tribe's survival."
Abstract This paper examines the history and folklore behind the creation story of the Chiricahua Apache. The creation story is presented to the reader, and is referenced throughout the paper. The history of the Apache is discussed, including where and how they lived, their connection to the land and how the creation story would influence their day-to-day decisions. According to this paper, their religion was central to all aspects of their lives, their behavior and means of survival. Their interaction with the white population, whether violent, or friendly, can all be traced back to their belief in their own creation story.
From the Paper "By the beginning of the 17th century the Chiricahua Apache had achieved, from what can be determined from the archaeological record, a relatively settled way of life. They grew corn as well as other crops such as beans ? although there were certainly still semi-nomadic groups. Their joint dependence on agriculture and nomadic food collection and herding may have been due to the sporadic nature of rainfall in the Southwest. Nomadicism is a rational response during a year in which there is not enough rainfall."
Tags: ritual, kamalapukwia, sakarakaamche, amjakupooka, water, ancestors, land
Abstract This paper gives a detailed, day by day account, of a battle that happened during the Vietnam War, namely the Battle of Hamburger Hill. It discusses the cause of the battle, also known as Operation Apache Snow, and comes to discuss the actions and decisions of Colonel Honeycutt. The paper also describes the effects of this gruesome battle on American society.
Day 1 of Operation Apache Snow (May 10th, 1969)
Day 2 (May 11th, 1969)
Day 3 (May 12, 1969)
Day 4 (May 13, 1969)
Day 5 (May 14, 1969)
Day 6 (May 15, 1969)
Day 7 (May 16, 1969)
Day 8 (May 17, 1969)
Day 9 (May 18, 1969)
Day 10 (May 19, 1969)
Day 11 (May 20th, 1969)
Closing information
From the Paper "Well, Honeycutt got what he wanted. The C Company found fourteen enemy bodies lying around. So again, the morning started with the Americans striking the enemy with bombing, air strikes, and ceaseless artillery. Honeycutt however made the C Company cease fire. Honeycutt told Sanders to stop finding an avenue to the top of the mountain, realizing that D Company's three brutal days in the ravine was enough. Instead he planned his fight on the mountain with A Company in the lead. The 1/506th was supporting the A Company. But the 1/506th was in trouble. The enemy of course prevented the 1/506th from getting to the mountain to help get the attack started. Because he didn't have 1506th help he called off the attack. He was frustrated. This might even begin the ending of the battle."
Abstract This paper discusses the reasons for the popularity of Apache Ant for Java. It further discusses why this approach is easier and better noting that the Ant Build Automation Tool is a powerful scripting tool for building processes are various code requirements using predefined tasks. Ant is an XML based scripting tool, and Apache Ant is specifically a Java based Build Tool.
From the Paper "The Ant Build Automation Tool is a powerful scripting tool for building processes are various code requirements using predefined tasks. Ant is an XML-based scripting tool, and Apache Ant is specifically a Java-based Build Tool. There are other ways that some of the same tasks can be achieved, and many consider Ant to be a better tool that other scripting approaches such as Batch scripting. An examination of the Ant system can show why Ant is better than others and also expose any disadvantages that Ant might have compared to other methods."
This paper compares two ethnographic journeys: Patricia Preciado Martin's "Songs My Mother Sang to Me: An Oral History of Mexican American Women" and Grenville and Neil Goodwin's "The Apache Diaries: A Father-Son Journey".
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 2 sources, 2002, $ 26.95
Abstract This paper compares two books, one about Mexican American women and the other about Apache men, in their treatments of race, gender, landscape, family and ethnography.
Abstract This paper discusses the life of Apache Chief Geronimo who in reality devoted his life to defending the rights of his people and ownership of their native land against the United States military.
Abstract This paper looks at the cultural, moral and historical importance of place names in Western Apache society, based on the studies by Keith Basso in his book "Wisdom Sits in Places". The paper discusses the morality tales inherent in each named location and the significance of the land on the morality of the people, and the ways in which the society maintains order and accountability.
From the Paper "In his book Wisdom Sits in Places, Keith Basso examines the role of Apache placename stories in the community of Cibecue, Arizona. Place names and the stories directly associated with them are extremely important to Apache culture in a number of ways. Not only do they contain the entire history of the Apache people, the phases of their traveling to the land, settling in, and the important events that took place later, but their primary function is to serve as reminders of appropriate behavior and the morality of the culture to anyone who may be breaking those codes of conduct (Basso 50). The placenames form a historical and geographical narrative as well as a moral code couched in the metaphors of hunting, wounding and healing. In a historical context, placename stories are handed down from generation to generation, fixing the events of a story inextricably from the location where the story took place."
This paper examines Henrietta Stockel's "Survival to the Spirit", which documents the terrible effects of White civilization upon the Chiricahua Apaches tribes.
Abstract The paper relates that Henrietta Stockel's book is both a history of the conflict between Whites and native peoples and a medical analysis of the history of disease and early American medicine. The paper explains the author's thesis that the Chiricahua Apaches tribes were destroyed by disease and cultural eradication by the American government. The paper portrays Stockel's idea removing a tribe from its native soul is not merely an act of injustice, or cultural violence, but also medical and biological cruelty.
From the Paper "When detailing the terrible effects of White civilization upon the Chiricahua, Stockel connects the native susceptibility to disease from their original dwellings to their suffering from numerous maladies while imprisoned as what she calls captives of war of the American government. The book details a kind of fall from Eden for the Chiricahua, from their early roots and culture, closely connected to their native soil, to what transpired afterwards, after the military defeat of Geronimo. The first chapters of Stockel's book describe the Southwestern Chiricahua Apaches tribes and their traditions before they met the Anglos, focusing especially their mastery of natural medicines and herbs particular to the hot, dry regions where they lived."
Tags: disease, medicine, culture, violence, prisoners, of, war, Indians
Abstract This paper describes the historical genocide and displacement of the Native Americans through Dee Brown's book "Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee". It traces the history of the Dakotas and Sioux Tribe during and after the conquest of the West by the American military.
From the Paper "Dee Brown's "Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee" is a fully documented account of the genocide and displacement by the United States government and military of an entire race of people, human beings, natives of the land that spanned from sea to shining sea. This unthinkable inhumane act was done in the name of Manifest Destiny, a name Congress gave to this movement. Brown documents battles and defeats of the Navaho, Nez Perces, Cheyenne, Apache, Utes, the Sioux and other tribes against a relentless and dishonorable government."
From the Paper "The Hopi and the Apache, two Indian tribes of the American Southwest, have very different views on death and dying. The Hopi believe there is a close reciprocal relationship between the living and the dead. This reciprocity is expressed in their ceremonies, as well as in their agricultural activities. They believe that death leads to rebirth (Thompson & Joseph, 1965, p. 42). In contrast, the Apaches believe that death is a terrifying thing. Being visited by ghosts of the dead is one of their great fears, so they move their settlements away from their dead (Baldwin, 1965, p. 96).
Implicit in the Hopi configuration of culture is an integrated theory of the universe by which the Hopi attempt to organize their world in order to cope with their life problems and obtain some degree of security in a highly hazardous (...)"
Discusses John Ford from the perspective of auteur theory. Focuses on how Ford worked with a regular coterie of writers and analyzes the films "Stagecoach", "Searchers", "She Wore a Yellow Ribbon", Fort "Apache", "The Quiet Man" and others.
2,250 words (approx. 9 pages), 3 sources, 1990, $ 79.95
From the Paper "The auteur theory developed by French film critics beginning in the 1950s is partly a convenient way of categorizing and analyzing films, collecting titles as the body of work of the director. More than this, though, the theory holds that it is the director more than anyone else who is responsible for the completed film, since he or she is the one who determines visual style and other matters in the course of production. The theory finds that the director expresses meaning through visual style and that analyzing the visual style of a given director reveals consistent thematic concerns, similarities in character development, and other repeated and recognizable signs of a single intelligence at work. At the same time, though, film remains a collaborative medium, and it would seem that directors would be influenced by their..."
From the Paper "This study will compare two North American Indian tribes, the Seminoles and the Apaches. The study will consider their origins, culture and lifestyles, religions, family structures, use of medicines, enemies and allies, and land issues.
With respect to the origins of the Seminoles, we discover that they were originally a part of the Creek Indians in the early 18th century, when they settled in what had formerly been the territory of the Apalachees in Florida. They grew in numbers and strength, drawing runaway slaves into their fold, along with remaining Apalachees. They were ruled by the Spanish as the nation of the United States began to be formed, and as such they fought regular battles with American troops then and into the 19th century. One treaty called for them to move west, but their chief Osceola refused, leading to the eight-year Seminole War ..."
Describes Plains Indian tribes' histories and their relations with U.S. govt. Discusses their ceremonies, diseases, social organization, treatment of children and religion.
2,250 words (approx. 9 pages), 10 sources, 1994, $ 79.95
From the Paper "The Crow Indians called themselves the Absaroka, which is Siouan for "bird people." Their name among whites became that of the well-known bird. Early in their history, they left the Hidatsas of the upper Missouri in what is now North Dakota because of a dispute over buffalo.. Led by Chief No Vitals, the Crows then migrated farther upriver, to the Yellowstone River at the foot of the Rocky Mountains. This territory is presently in southern Montana and northern Wyoming. The Crows who settled north of the Yellowstone toward the Musselshell River became known as the Mountain Crow because of the high terrain. Those who lived to the south, along the valleys of the Big Horn, Powder, and Wind rivers, came to be called the River Crow.
Both groups of Crows gave up the village life of their Hidatsa kinsmen. They stopped farming for food, growing only.."
Abstract The "American" public has always had an interest in the lives of Native Americans. During the early 1800, this curiosity blossomed in a fascination. The paper shows that unfortunately, most Americans were content to relegate all Native Americans into this caricature of the "noble savage", dehumanizing them, and few settlers sought to understand the culture of the Natives whose land they were occupying. Fortunately two nineteenth century artists, Edward Sheriff Curtis and George Catlin did not share the same view. This paper discusses how these men dedicated their lives to the study and preservation of Native American tribal culture for posterity by creating imagery based on the Native American people. Although their methodology, content, and style were dissimilar, (Curtis used the camera and Catlin worked with oil paint), their goal was the same, to capture and record the essence of America's indigenous people through art.
From the Paper "Countless numbers around the globe have benefited from the information gathered during the 1800's by Edward S. Curtis and George Catlin.
Without these records many of the customs and heritage that we know of as "Native American" might be lost today.
It is easy to be critical of Catlin's paintings when judging it against the realism of Curtis? photographs, but the goals of the two men were the same. The sincerity, accuracy, and honesty of the collections that were compiled by the ethnographists transcend their work from the category of mere art to the palate of life."
Abstract An examination of the cultural context in which Ghost Sickness takes place today and explains that it has deep historical roots in the history of indigenous Indians. Many of these groups perceived themselves as living in a universe pervaded by powerful, mysterious spiritual beings and forces that underlay and supported human life. In order to survive, this paper explains that they believed it was necessary to acknowledge these spiritual powers in all aspects of their lives, but there were also spiritual beings to be avoided. Native Americans of the Southwest, in particular, such as the Navajo and Apache, dreaded contact with ghosts, who were thought to resent the living.
From the Paper "Some American Indians believe that Ghost Sickness can be caught from either the dead, the sight of the corpse or their possessions (Apache). Therefore, groups such as the Apaches buried their dead on the same day as they died. They also tried to reduce to a minimum the amount of time the living spent in contact with the dead. Some belongings were placed with the body and usually the dead person's favorite horse was killed at the grave site. The rest of their possessions were then burned and the family moved their house to a new site. The relatives never went near the grave and to mention the name of the dead was strictly forbidden."
