Abstract These topics, which first developed in parallel with the emergence of ancient Greek society, have played a determining role in shaping the development of subsequent western civilization and, indeed, continue to have an important influence on contemporary society. Although conceptually distinct, these themes are, as we shall see, closely related to each other. They are, (a) the adoption of reason and a scientific attitude to explain the natural world and the individuals it contains; (b) the view that humans can impose order on the world around them; (c) the emergence of the ideals of democracy and freedom.
Abstract Quinceanera, Confirmation, Bat Mitzvah and Female Castration ceremonies are all part of the modern world and all mark the change in a young girl's life to that of a woman. A Quinceanera is the celebration of a girls fifteenth birthday. Once the spiritual ceremony is over the girl moves on to the social part of the Quinceanera. At the age of fifteen the girl is no longer a child. At the age of 12 girls become obligated to observe the commandments. The ceremony marks the time in a girl's life when she is ready for womanhood and marriage. For girls, these rites have traditionally prepared them for marriage and sexual activity (childbearing) within the marriage context.
Abstract Since the earliest beginnings of their culture, Native American tribes used ceremonial smoking as a traditional means of dignifying many important activities, such as rallying forces for warfare, conducting trade discussions, negotiating for a bride, or settling disputes over land. Treaties were signed over a Pipe, couples were and still are married over one. Making vows or signing a name over a Pipe ensured that the vows or agreement would never be broken, because it had been sanctified by the Creator.
Abstract The article by Chavez, McMullin, Mishra and Hubbell (2001) presents the results of a study conducted to investigate the research question: to what extent do cultural beliefs affect health behavior?
Abstract The Law of 13 May 1888 abolishing slavery without compensation was the death blow to many plantation owners from Rio de Janeiro who had held a large number of slaves during a period of economic squeeze suffered severely in regions such as Rio de Janeiro. Abolition hastened the collapse of the Empire and the establishment of the Republic. Brazilian abolition of slavery in 1888 was not followed by systematic efforts to improve the lot of former slaves. Many individuals and small family units continued to depend upon the plantation owners for their welfare.
Abstract The perception of war and warfare differs dramatically between cultures, where war tends to manifest itself as being the cause of humanity or of the gods. However, almost all cultures agree that war is a necessity in that conflict between communities needs resolution. Discussions on the topic of war and warfare from three specific cultures reflect this, and this paper explores these and similar themes through addressing the works The Ramayana (Hindu), The Art of War (China), and The Chronicles of the Crusades (European).
Abstract The present paper considers Minoan Culture in the context of the Bronze Age and as one of three principal cultures of Aegean civilization. In what follows, this paper elucidates the significance of this culture, noting its contributions to arts and architecture, and as a precursor to Greek civilization.
Abstract There are distinct relationships between culture, maintenance systems, child rearing and ecology that, when observed from a detached view, provide a wealth of information about all of the communities (and all of their permutations) throughout the world. It is the assertion of this paper that these characteristics of a people, regardless of size or any other factor, are common throughout all peoples and is thus used as primary markers by anthropologists upon which to base their work. Therefore, this paper will demonstrate such relationships and how they apply to the field of cultural anthropology.
Abstract This paper discusses how women were viewed in each society through their legal, social and sexual status. The paper compares and contrasts each society and concludes that, despite the restrictions placed on them by these societies, women have always been able to exert themselves in often subtle but important ways. The author shows how women were always important in how each society functioned and often were able to exploit opportunity and, at least some degree, to influence in their society.
Abstract This paper reviews issues of race, class, labor, literacy and culture of women in Third World nations. The author includes a critical emphasis on colonial ideals and Western feminists.
Abstract This research paper discusses Octavian also known as Caesar Augustus with respect to the New Testament and the impact on Rome of his priceless contributions.
Abstract Thisbook report analyzes Jonathan Spence's book, "The Question of Hu" in terms of its portrayal of the cultural differences between China and Europe and the consequences involved when Europeans and Chinese don't understand each other's cultural perceptions and habits.
Abstract This paper is an analysis of the Iqbal with some reference to the Jones and Chalfens families. The thesis is underlined, which is that life and culture are attempted to be controlled because the complexity of it all is not realized.
