Abstract A look at the colonization of Quakers in the Northern Midlands during the 17th and 18th centuries. The author examines Fischer's Albion's Seed that reflects characteristics of Quakerism. A look at their society.
From the Paper "In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, America saw a colonization of Quakers emerging in the northern midlands. During that time a man named John Woolman was born in Northampton, West Jersey. In his Journal, he showed characteristics of Quakerism which are described in Fischer's Albion's Seed.These aspects are such things as wealth ways, dress ways, death ways, and freedom ways."
Abstract An examination of Indian arts with emphasis on the images and symbolism in the Indian notions of art and religion. The author examines the influences of the Western world on Indian expression of art.
From the Paper "For thousands of years the arts have thrived on the Indian sub-continent, with the advent of western influence and occupation taking place only within the last few hundred years. The impact of western influence upon India is unmistakable, especially in regards to her arts and religion, serving not so much as a contributor, but as a critic. To even begin to comprehend and appreciate the incredible diversity and complexity of Indian arts, we must undergo a paradigm shift of our most basic western beliefs and notions of art and religion. Therefore, an understanding of the historical interpretations of Indian art is essential. Going beyond this, we must construct a rudimentary primer on seeing Indian images, also known as dar?an, and trying to understand, at least at a basic level, the symbolism involved in such religiously rich imagery."
Abstract This paper examines past and present Australian Government policies which have impacted and been implemented to address the issue of Aboriginal Health. The author also examines issues such health issues, substance abuse and the high rate of youth suicide.
From the Paper 'The status of Aboriginal health in Australia is currently at critical levels ? much money needs to be injected and considerable work needs to be done to tackle such important health issues as diabetes, mental disorders, substance abuse and the high rate of youth suicide. Along with this, many other related issues need to be addressed, such as the stolen generation, native title, preservation of cultural identity and the topic of reconciliation. The outlook for the future is improving however, in that the government and Aboriginal groups are working together towards a positive outcome through the implementation of innovative government policies aimed at tacking the core issues affecting Aboriginal communities around Australia."
Abstract This paper presents information to support the theory of evolution. The author attempts to debunk creationism as a theory through an examination of bone structure of the Neanderthal. The paper offers a basic scientific look at evolution.
From the Paper "In the twentieth century one of the most heated and perhaps futile debates is whether man was created in a single moment by a supreme deity or if man is simply a highly evolved specimen of billions of years of evolution. In the last one hundred years, scientific evidence of hominid evolution has amassed as scientists have begun to excavate more sites containing mesmerizing archeological findings. Bones of such infamous hominids like Lucy, the Peking Man, and Neanderthals have increased understanding and awareness of our hominid ancestors, which have only fueled the fire for debate among Creationists and Evolutionists. While many sound arguments concerning these findings have been raised, many more invalid claims have emerged which lack the validity and scientific evidence but have nevertheless become a staple in Creationist reasoning."
Abstract In this essay, the subject of contraceptives in Kenya is discussed. This includes why Western medicine will not work in a society that basis wealth on the size of the family, the lack of understanding on both parties involved, the failure of family planning programs and the lack of follow up procedures. Before seeing the western trend of smaller families as the ideal, the paper argues that one must look at the notion of children as a form of wealth in the African family. Children remain valuable assets, even when the family is faced with economic hardship. Furthermore, in advance of implementing western knowledge of contraception, both sides must be educated in each other's levels of understanding. Finally, to be educated, these women must have adequate resources. If high fertility rates want to be lowered, than there needs to be access to knowledgeable programs.
From the Paper "The West fails on the absence of understanding why these contraceptives are unavailable, and when they are, why the Africans do not use them. The lack of understanding falls on the East when one realizes that they have no education on contraceptive issues. Absence of understanding of the African culture plays a part in the misconceptions of a high fertility rate."
Tags: africa, anthropology, birth, contraception, control, education, third, women, world
Abstract This paper discusses the discovery of a Neolithic man in the Otzaler Alps. It discusses the actual discovery, description of how life was during his time period, and the many other findings upon testing this four thousand year old corpse.
From the Paper "Otzi therefore lived during the late Neolithic period. Since his time of life was narrowed down it can be assumed that his community or culture was very active in pottery and other ceramic items. During the time of the Iceman Neolithic farming was taking place. Raising crops and livestock was quite common."
Abstract This essay analyzes the social and cultural differences between Americans and Canadians. The author explains the reasons for the widespread assumption that Canadians and Americans are the same, the historical causes for these cultural differences and what these differences bring to Canadian society.
From the Paper "There have been many debates, books, and media articles over the vast differences between Canadians and Americans. Surprisingly, this topic has never lost its popularity, and still continues to be current among the sociologists, anthropologists and the statisticians particularly in Canada. The 49th Parallel divides the North American continent, Canada in the north and the United States in the south. These two countries of the New World share the world's longest undefended border, which ranges 6379 kilometers long."
Tags: americans, canada, melting, pluralistic, pot, society, acculturation, soxiety, social
Abstract This paper supports Morris-Suzuki's proposition that a review of history (time as opposed to space) will prove that the definition of "Japanese" has been a function of time and political, social and economic context in which there were "varying strategies which the state used to manage difference and create uniformity" for its own purposes.
From the Paper "In "Japan" in Reinventing Japan: Time, Space, Nation? (M.E. Sharp, 1998, p. 10) Tessa Morris-Suzuki proposes that the definition of what it means to be Japanese ?was not contestant or stable. Instead ? it was contextual and changing?. She argues for her hypothesis and her proposal of re-examining the nature of the nation and the nationalistic concept by presenting an overview of history to support the fact that Japan is not a homogeneous society and never has been. This is to present argument to the contrary position that the Japanese were essentially a homogeneous social group, a phenomenon created by geographic isolation. Instead, Morris-Suzuki proposes that a review of history (time as opposed to space) will prove that the definition of "Japanese" has been a function of time and political, social and economic context in which there were "varying strategies which the state used to manage difference and create uniformity" (pg. 34) for its own purposes."
Tags: japan, time, space, morris, suzuki, nationalism
Abstract This paper examines the arguments and findings of three articles that explain how the use of accents perpetuate stereotypes . These articles are: "Teaching Children How to Discriminate": "What We Learn From the Big Bad Wolf"; "Hillbillies, Rednecks and Southern Belles": "The Language Rebels" and "Does accent matter in international television advertisements?"
From the Paper "The overall representation of persons with foreign accents was seen to be "far more negative" than that of speakers of US or British English. Lippi-Green found that 20 percent of characters with US English accents are bad characters, while about 40 percent of characters with non-native accents are evil (92). US or British English accents also index attractiveness in Disney films. "To be sexually attractive and available, a character must not only look the idealized part, but... also sound white and middle-class American or British" (97). It's fascinating to note that although every character in Aladdin was born and raised in an "Arabian" land, only the evil guards and sorcerer speak with a pseudo-Arabic accent. The protagonists speak like Californians."
Abstract This paper examines the definition of race by reviewing scientific and non-scientific concepts. The author gives examples of how this definition is often misinterpreted by society.
From the Paper "Postmodernism allows us to see race not as an essentialist category that determines character but rather more as a title or description that may sometimes be summoned by a people to describe themselves but more often is determined by one people in reference to another, and so often an attempt of a group in power to designate the proper position in relationship to themselves of another group. And it allows us to see ethnicity as a more "native" category ? but one that like so many others may well be subject to subversion by hegemonic forces."
Abstract This article discusses the situation of mental health and illness in today's society. The author argues that materialism, fame and fortune have taken over society and that as a result society has forgotten to give meaning to life.
From the Paper "Good mental health is a fundamental aspect of life, but, as we are aware, a huge proportion of our society, around 25%, will at some stage suffer from a form of mental illness. We must realize the enormity of this problem. Stalin once said, ?The death of one person is a tragedy, the death of a thousand is a statistic.? (Stalin). This means that we as humans, are unable to digest all the information that comes our way everyday and numbers are just that: numbers. 25% means that in every four people, one is likely to experience mental illness. Mental illness is a problem of the everyday, of the streets, of the ordinary man and woman that experience the joys, the sorrows, the trials and the tribulations of life."
Tags: american, carey, dream, health, illness, mariah, materialism, mental, society
Abstract This paper examines the early hominids and aspects of their culture. The author identifies the early hominids and examine the morphological and archaeological evidence for and against human culture in various hominid species. Included is a discussion of the cultural differences between the various members of the Hominid lineage and what these differences represent.
From the Paper "The early hominids include Ardipithecus ramidis, the various Australopithecine species (anamensis, africanus, garhi, aethiopicus, boisei, and robustus), as well as the newly discovered Kenyanthropus platyops. In order to examine whether or not these earliest members of the hominid lineage possessed culture in a human sense, we must define what is meant by the term "human culture". Culture is a complex concept that can be generally defined as socially patterned human thought and behavior. It is what differentiates humans from animals, consisting of three major components: 1) what people think, 2) what people do, and 3) the material products that people produce."
Abstract This essay is a brief review of "The Chosen" by Chaim Potok, as well as a comparison of Judaism with Roman Catholicism. The author discusses the differences between Hassidism and Orthodox Judaism, the walls and the conflicts between the two sects as portrayed in the novel.
From the Paper:
"The novel "The Chosen", by Chaim Potok surrounds the friendship of two young boys. Reuven Malter and Danny Saunders grow up facing the differences between their conflicting Jewish denominations. Reuven is an Orthodox Jew and Danny is Hasid. The story takes place in Brooklyn, New York near the end of World War II."
This six-page paper presents an in-depth look at the juvenile correction system regarding racism and sexism. These issues and the changes that are taking place to improve the system affect the system.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, 2001, $ 48.95
Abstract This six-page paper presents an in-depth look at the juvenile correction system regarding racism and sexism. These issues and the changes that are taking place to improve the system affect the system.
From the paper:
Juvenile crime has always been a touchy issue. The suspects are somebody's son or daughter, sister or brother, niece or nephew and to their family they are still just children even though they may have committed a crime. The courts and the juvenile system walk a very thin line when it comes to the corrections of juveniles because of the fact that they are not yet adults but think that they are. In recent years it has come to the public's attention that there are racial and gender troubles within the nation's system. Correctional facilities face complaints of discrimination as well as sexual harassment form the inmates and their families. Authorities are working toward finding solutions and repairing the damage already done as well as preventing any future problems.
This paper describes how cleanliness and purity are very important in both Muslim and Zoroastrian cleansing rituals and it shows water has considered a vital part of theses cleansing rituals.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, 2001, $ 38.95
Abstract This paper describes how cleanliness and purity are very important in both Muslim and Zoroastrian cleansing rituals and it shows water has considered a vital part of theses cleansing rituals.
From the paper:
"Islam takes cleanliness and purification very seriously. An article by Dr. Abdul karim, Naik states, ?"Cleanliness is half of faith" - This terse statement by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) underlines the importance of purity and purification in the Islamic tradition (Shariah). A state of purity is a precondition for worship (?ubudiyah). Every act of worship is an encounter with God, and the purification ritual is a form of preparation for this event. In fact, the purification ritual in Islam is one of numerous means by which sins and infractions are forgiven.? He also states that purification rituals of the body culminate in spiritual purity as acts of worship, and that both the discipline of the ritual acts and their aesthetic dimensions contribute to the deepening of the purification process at the spiritual level and prepare for the journey that finally leads to closeness to Allah."
