Abstract This paper explains how the Anschluss, or the annexation of Austria to Germany, was one of the most important events in World War II. The author believes that had Hitler not taken over Austria, he would not have been able to gain as much power and domination over Europe as Austria provided the Nazis with land, people and natural resources. Annotated bibliography.
From the Paper "Austria's land was a major advantage to the Nazi?s. Though the country is not enormous in size, it's 83,858 kilometers gave Hitler land that he did not have before.(Steeb 1999, pg 2) The country, about the size of Maine made up for Germany's insignificant amount of land. The two countries together could make a much bigger empire then if they were not joined. With more land, the Nazis could take more power over Europe and expand out to other countries as well. "
This paper discusses the history of Hawaii from the time that Kamehameha the Great unified the islands in 1810, to its annexation as Hawaii Territory, a United States territory, in 1900.
Abstract This paper explains that, from the time when Kamehameha the Great unified the islands in 1810, to the overthrow of the Hawaiian government in 1893, Hawaii metamorphosed from a feudal society into an independent constitutional monarchy, which, compared to the similar development in Europe, practically happened overnight in Hawaii. The author points out, that in 1887, a group of American and European businessmen and an armed militia, associated with a secret society called the Hawaiian League, which favored annexation to the United States, forced the king at gunpoint with a bayonet at his throat to accept what is today known as the Bayonet Constitution. The paper relates that President Grover Cleveland had refused to approve the annexation of Hawaii; however, in 1896, William McKinley replaced Cleveland as president and gave his blessing to annexation.
From the Paper "The Wilson-Gorman Act passed by Congress in 1894 discontinued the bonus to sugar producers in the United States and restored the tariff on sugar imported into that country, so that the Hawaiian sugar industry once more enjoyed the benefits conferred by the reciprocity treaty. Consequently the labor question again became pressing. In the 1880's the government had begun the introduction of contract laborers from Japan in order to counterbalance the Chinese and restrictions had been placed upon the immigration of Chinese. In the 1890's the situation was reversed. By 1896, the Japanese made up nearly a fourth of the whole population. There were real fears that Hawaii might become a Japanese colony. Various measures were therefore adopted to reduce the volume of Japanese immigration and to encourage the immigration of Chinese. Yet during three years, from 1895 to 1897 that this policy was followed, the number of Japanese immigrants still exceeded the Chinese by more than two thousand."
Abstract The paper describes the central Toronto area known as The Annex and the almost suburban Kingsway area. The paper examines these longstanding parts of the Greater Toronto Area and explores how each area has a very different local culture. The paper describes the pedestrian, friendly and lively way of life in the Annex that offers a feeling of humanity and warmth in contrast to the Kingsway's quieter culture of privacy and quiet.
Outline:
Introduction
The Annex, Central Toronto
The Kingsway, West Toronto
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper "One sees that one must be specific when referring to such terms as urbanity, urbanization, urban lifestyles or urban neighbourhoods, and notably as Canadian cities are expected to continue in transition through the next century with areas forever changing as a result of both natural patterns and planning. (Bunting & Filion: 2000:11-13) Moving from the Annex to the Kingsway is a marked change in urban and human culture that goes beyond the use of space, or old or new structures, into the ways in which people interact, how they move, whether they seem connected to others, or are self-contained, not acknowledging one another. A community always has its politics of place and the areas visited do show different ideas of what a community might be, their visual politics quite plain to the observer. (Kemmis: 1993)."
Abstract This paper reviews the book "The Diplomacy of Annexation: Texas, Oregon and the Mexican War" by David M. Pletcher and explains why the book is considered by many to be one of the most pivotal works on American history. The author discusses Pletcher's theses on the annexation of Texas, the Mexican war and also the acquisition of Oregon. The paper also comments on Pletcher's views on racism and slavery that was present in the later half of the 1800s as well as his validation of the U.S' expansion efforts with regards to the Manifest Destiny. In closing, the paper praises Pletcher's attempt of explaining the complicated history of the U.S and also successfully drawing parallels between the past and the present.
Outline:
Introduction.
Territorial Expansion-Annexation of Texas
Takeover of Oregon
Racism
Southerners Seeking to Extend Slavery
Manifest Destiny
Conclusion
From the Paper "To clear up some misconceptions about the state of Texas, Pletcher puts away the false, somewhat candy-coated notion that Texas was gained by the US as a result of diplomacy with Mexico. First, an important point is made in the book- while many falsely believe that President Polk was responsible for the annexation of Texas, Pletcher makes a point to indicate that in fact the Texas issue was already resolved by the time that Polk took office, having been completed by his predecessor, President Tyler, several days before Polk assumed the job of the presidency."
Abstract This paper examines Japanese justifications of the occupation and Annexation of Korea (circa 1900-1925). It outlines three such documents and considers their weaknesses. It concludes by comparing and contrasting Japanese justifications of the occupation and Annexation of Korea with 'Eurocentric' thought.
Abstract This paper will explore the 1910 to 1945 period of Korean history when Korea was controlled by Japan. Japan annexed Korea in 1910 and forced Korea to take a new direction. The discussion will begin with a brief examination of a much earlier period time when, ironically, The Koreans were the ones who exerted a powerful influence on the Japanese. This will help one to understand the more recent history (in this history) of the country because it will reveal that Japan and Korea have actually had long-standing relationships. In addition, there will be some mention of the period of time just before the annexation of Korea by Japan.
Abstract This paper explains that Anne Frank in her bibliography "Anne Frank: Diary of a Young Girl", being a typical teenage girl, was incredibly emotional. The author points out that the circumstance in which she recorded these sentiments was such that they were always overshadowed by her immense fear. The paper relates that, in the first few diary entries written in the Annex, although slightly afraid, Frank does not realize the true level of danger she is in and therefore fills page after page with detailed but mundane descriptions of daily life in the Annex. The author then explains that, as Frank matures, she begins to empathize with the apprehensiveness felt by the adults and, as a result, her fear begins to increase. The paper stresses that, in a child's mind, death is not a feasible occurrence; therefore, she can allow herself to believe that she does not fear it.
From the Paper 'In this entry, as well as many others, she discusses her constant fears of being caught by the Germans while hiding in the secret annex with her family. This entry is especially powerful because it sheds light on the fact that, in such small cramped conditions, there is little to do but let your mind wander. When put in a situation where you can not talk or laugh too loudly for fear of capture, all that one is left with is his or her thoughts and for a young girl, this can cause immense fright. As she points out on this same page of her diary, everything she says or does leads her back to thoughts of fear."
Abstract This paper examines the sociological history of Mexican Americans from the annexation of Mexico after the Mexican American War to the present. It analyzes the personal accounts of three Mexican Americans from different time periods, and describes the discrimination Mexican Americans have faced throughout their history. The author states that Mexican Americans have been a valuable asset to American society.
From the Paper "From the time of the annexation of Mexico by the United States until the present day, Mexican Americans have faced severe hardship and discrimination, but their presence in the United States has resulted in a largely positive impact on both the lives of these individuals and the nation as a whole. Many of these individuals came to the United States in search of a better, more prosperous way of life, and a large number of them succeeded in this. At the same time, they have added to the economy and cultural diversity of the United States. The narratives of three typical Mexican Americans living in different time periods, Jes's Garza, Camelia Palafox, and Mar"a Jim"nez show the obstacles typical Mexican Americans have faced and what reward they have received."
Tags: illegal, immigration, international, labor, mexico, migrant, nafta, relations, war
Abstract Although the Japanese were an unwanted power in Korea, the effects of Japanese colonization can still be seen in Korea today. This paper shall address the history of Japan in Korea, as well as demonstrate the lasting effects of Japanese colonization in modern Korea.
Abstract This paper is a close textual commentary of one part of Lord Dalhousie's address to the Court of Directors of the East India Company, written in 1856. It follows the main ideas of the text and is organized in three parts. The first one concentrates on the new British annexations in India, the second addresses the economic advantages of the situation and the reforms carried out. Finally, the paper attempts to reveal what Dalhousie has chosen not to say in his report. The purpose of this commentary is to show historical events under an unbiased light and at the same time to explain a text that does not take into account all sides of the problem of British Imperialism. Dalhousie text is included as an Appendix of this paper. This is a textual commentary and was written for an oral presentation during a history of the British Empire class.
From the Paper "The period 1943 - 1856 marked the end of the process of expansion and the consolidation of the British Raj. The second half of the 1850s witnessed the climax of mid-Victorian power, prosperity and enterprise. In England, the predominant philosophy was that of adaptation and improvement. After the definitive annexation of new territories, British power and prestige seemed to be finally asserted and the period is, therefore, often referred to as one of "British supremacy" or "British paramountcy". The political and economic philosophies that ruled internal affairs were exported within the British Dominions - it was the age of the new Indian schools, of the first Indian railway lines, of uniform postage, and of the Indian telegraph. The text at hand illustrates British attitudes to the Empire during that period and, as a primary source document, provides a detailed report on British activity in India. It is delivered by Lord Dalhousie to the Court of Directors of the East India Company. James Andrew Broun Ramsay Marquess and 10th Earl of Dalhousie (1812 - 1860) spent 8 years in India (from 1848 to 1856), fought two wars (the II Sikh and II Burmese wars), worked on a number of reforms, and occupied the post of Governor General."
Tags: british, commentary, dalhousie, economy, empire, general, governor, historical, history, india, indian, international, relations, research, texts, writings
This paper researches the implications of the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) Annex (VI) requirements on the sulfur content of fuel oil.
Abstract This paper explains that the MARPOL Annex VI protocol is concerned with the prevention of ship-source air pollution in the form of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx) and other air-borne pollutants, but a number of challenges remain in terms of its effectiveness and enforceability, which are the subject of this study. The author points out that the research showed that the maritime industry continues to be the largest unregulated source of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions and represents serious long-term challenges to providing viable ozone standards in coastal regions. The paper concludes that any option that involves extensive re-blending or refinery processing changes, which will almost certainly produce a marine fuel substantially different in quality than the industry standard for the past 50 years have, will be costly and therefore driven largely by economic forces. Tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Research Questions
Research Methodology
Review of the Literature
Background and Overview
Operational Aspects of a Sulphur Limit on Marine Fuels
Analysis and Discussion
Implications, Effects, and Challenges Faced by Operators, Owners, Authorities on the Low Sulphur Cap
Invest in Residue Desulphurisation (RDS)
The Availability of Low-Sulphur Fuels in the Future
Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendations
From the Paper "Article 211 of the 1982 LOS Convention provides the general guidelines for vessel-source pollution; for example, Article 211(3) requires the port state to notify others, through the International Maritime Organization (IMO), of requirements to be met before a vessel is permitted to enter the port state's territorial waters. Today, the IMO has around 160 members and is headed by a secretary-general, who serves a four-year term and oversees a Secretariat staff of approximately 300--one of the smallest UN agency staffs. All members are represented in the Assembly, the IMO's primary policy-making body, which meets once every two years. The Council, originally consisting of 24 members but subsequently increased to 32 (a 1993 resolution suggested an increased membership of 40, but it remains unratified); the Council meets twice each year and is tasked with governing the organization between Assembly sessions."
Abstract The following research proposal is for a second year urban geography course. The topic of the proposal is gentrification in the Annex.
From the Paper "For this assignment the phenomena of gentrification will be examined in detail. Gentrification is defined as, The Process of neighbourhood upgrading by relatively affluent incomers who move into a poorer neighbourhood in sufficient numbers to displace lower-income groups and transform its social identity (Pacione 670). Gentrification is occurring in many different cities including Toronto. However, gentrification takes different forms and proceeds at different rates in different neighbourhoods. This assignment will examine the Toronto neighbourhood known as the Annex in order to explore the nature of gentrification in this area. Secondary questions will focus on property values in the Annex and displacement issues."
Abstract The paper describes how Joseph Conrad, in "Heart of Darkness", presents a well-crafted critique of colonisation, in particular the commercially driven greed that led to the annexation of much of Africa during the latter half of the 19th century. The paper shows how Conrad critically examines the motives for colonisation and compares the rhetoric from Europe with the reality of colonisation in Africa. The paper illustrates how "Heart of Darkness" serves as a universal condemnation of colonisation.
From the Paper "When Heart of Darkness was first published, at the turn of the 20th Century, Europe was well into the scramble for Africa, a race to colonise the African continent that would last up to the beginning of the First World War. Ostensibly set in the Congo Free State, Heart of Darkness documents the journey of Marlowe, the protagonist, as he travels up the Congo River, deep into the jungle, to meet Kurtz, a respected agent of the colony. Marlowe's journey, his interactions with the Europeans, and observations of Africa, form the basis of a well crafted critique of colonisation, in particular the commercially driven greed that led to the annexation of much of Africa during the latter half of the 19th Century. The manner in which Conrad structured Heart of Darkness, with Marlowe as principal narrator, compounds the impact of the narrative, giving it a universal significance. Conrad describes colonisation and its motives, by taking the reader on a journey from London, the biggest, and the greatest, town on earth , to the Inner Station in the heart of the Congo, deep within darkest Africa. European interests: the Company, its agents and Kurtz are the dominant forces in the novel."
Tags:annexation, Europe, rhetoric, Marlowe, Kurtz, Congo, River, trade, expansion
Abstract The paper takes a look at various phases in the westward movement in the US, including the initial forays in the west by fur-traders, land speculators and farmers, the Louisiana Purchase from the French, the Texas Annexation of 1845, the Mexican-American War of 1846-48 that resulted in the Mexican Cession of 1849 and extension of the US borders to the Californian coast and the Treaty of 1846 with the British for the Oregon territory. The paper also discusses the reasons for the westward expansion, including the underlying philosophy behind the movement called Manifest Destiny.
Outline:
Manifest Destiny
The Initial Pioneers and Trail-blazers to the West
The Louisiana Purchase
Moving Further West
Conclusion
From the Paper "At the time of the signing of Treaty of Paris (1783), which formally ended the American Revolutionary War, the United States of America consisted of thirteen former British colonies concentrated in the east of the North American continent and hemmed in by the rugged Appalachian region to the west . Within a relatively short period, however, the newly formed country started to expand westward and by mid nineteenth century encompassed a huge mass of territory extending from the Atlantic coast right down to the Pacific coast in the west--transforming the United States of America into one of the biggest and most powerful nations in the world. This remarkable Westward Expansion is a fascinating story of adventurous 'mountain men,' pioneering farmers, diplomatic statesmanship, military conquest, and brutal subjugation of the Native Americans."
Tags: Louisiana, Purchase, Texas, Annexation, Mexican-American, War
Abstract The paper offers a brief look at Rudyar Kipling himself and at the world into which he was born in order to highlight how his views can neither be explained nor excused by ignorance. The paper discusses how Kipling's poem was published only a few months after the announcement of the U.S.' intention to annex the Philippines as U.S. territory and so politicians used this poem to justify their imperialistic ambitions and intentionally mask their intentions to expand U.S. markets and territory as far has possible. The paper contends that it was these imperialistic motivations, disguised in racist yet benevolent rhetoric, that was the true message of Kipling.
From the Paper "Joseph Rudyard Kipling's infamous poem, "White Man's Burden", sparked an enormous anti-imperialist and anti-racist backlash when it was published in 1899, and has been part of over a century of debate over both race relations and the notion and justification of empire. That the poem is based on the author's belief in the superiority of the white race is hardly debatable. Why, though, was this poem take up by figures, like President Theodore Roosevelt, with such enthusiasm? I posit that it was not the racial overtones of the poem, but the idealization of imperialistic intrigue into a sort of stoic duty to be undertaken that caused it to become so widely cited by proponents of the American empire."
