Abstract This paper looks at the evidence available which explains the war tactics and strategy of the Anglo-Saxons. It shows the Anglo-Saxons to have had a well-trained warrior elite, but nevertheless insufficient to resist being conquered in the end.
From the Paper "The poem of the Battle of Maldon is our main source for study about the nature of late Anglo-Saxon warfare. This heroic poem, glorifying the Ealdorman who dies for his king and country, displays many important facets of the way the Anglo-Saxon peoples conducted warfare. The main threat was the Nordic marauders that would regularly raid the settlements of the Anglo-Saxons. It was against these raiders that the majority of Anglo-Saxon tactics and strategy were prepared. The buhrs of the Anglo-Saxons were the main defense against these raiders, but once these buhrs fell into disrepair it was mostly the forces of the sheriffs, thanes, and ealdormen left to defend their territories. The forces of the kingdom were composed of levies, an elite core of warriors, and then the auxiliary naval forces."
Tags: ages, anglo, british, medieval, middle, saxon, war, warfare
Abstract This essay examines how Anglo-American relations improved following the War of Independance, only to deteriorate again during the Napoleonic Wars. It contrasts British attempts to gain complete control of the sea to combat Napoleon, with U.S. attempts to break this control in order to increase her own foreign trade.
From the Paper "Following the end of the War of Independence, relations between Britain and the United States slowly improved. Many felt that because of the shared language, religion and culture the two countries should work together, especially economically. This was especially true in Britain, where the ideas of Adam Smith were beginning to take hold, and free trade with America became an attractive idea. In the United States, Republicans still disliked the British, but the Federalists did not want to continue any rivalries and shared the British views on trade between the nations."
Abstract This paper discusses, analyzes and compares two poems from the Anglo-Saxon era. The poems include "The Wife's Lament" and "Wulf and Eadwacer". Each piece of literature is representative of society and culture more than five thousand years ago. Both poems are written from a narrative perspective of a woman mourning the absence of her husband. The poems also depict how woman were owned, controlled and repressed."
From the Paper "Around the third century, three Germanic tribes -- the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes -- migrated from other areas of Europe to England as part of a general movement of Germanic peoples who conquered much of Europe, including Rome itself (Gordon 111). During that time, the Celts (or Britons) inhabited England, and they continued to be the dominant people in Scotland and Ireland for several years to come (Harris 205). After the invasion of England, the Anglo-Saxons became the dominant people in the country. They brought along their Anglo-Saxon language (i.e., Old English) and a strong literary tradition that included oral poetry, which was spoken or sung. The Anglo-Saxon Era began in 450 A.D. and ended around 1066 AD (Harris 204)."
Abstract In this article, the writer studies the status of Anglo-Saxon women after 1066, by examining the book ''Women in Anglo-Saxon England and the Impact of 1066' by Christine Fell. The writer notes that 1066 was the year that William the Conqueror took control of Saxon England and that Anglo-Saxon England was never to be the same, nor was the life of England's daughters, wives, and mothers. The writer points out that while before different kings held feudal sway over their territories, now the Norman code of conduct, custom, and law ruled the land with absolute authority. The writer discusses that in the book 'Women in Anglo- Saxon England and the Impact of 1066', medieval scholar Catherine Fell suggests that Anglo-Saxon women after the conquest did not simply lose many of the rights, legal, and social respect they had enjoyed as Englishwomen, but simply as women in general.
From the Paper "The first sections of Christine Fell's scholarly work are filled with exact details of life during the era to substantiate her point. She draws from contemporary accounts and existing records to examine the law and custom regarding marriage and women's legal status. For example, Anglo-Saxon marriage contracts between families were considerably more equitable than the types of relationships contracted under Norman feudalism and were celebrated in the Norman literary tradition of chivalric romance. Although marriages were contracted between the relatives of the wife and husband neither the prospective bride nor groom had more influence in the matter because of gender."
Abstract This paper investigates why the promotion and sales of anglo-rock and heavy metal are less in France than in the USA. The music industry, the marketing of music and the research methodology are fully explained. The author reports that the research found that the differences were because of cultural factors. In France, lyrics are more important than the music. Therefore, because the French do not necessarily speak English, they are not especially interested in music whose lyrics are not understood. The author stresses the importance of knowing cultural preferences and behavior in international marketing because cross-cultural promotion cannot be standardized. Many color graphs and tables are included with the paper.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introductory Chapter
Background of the Research
Theme
Research Problems
Research Rationale
Research Motivation
Research Question
Aims and Objectives
Hypothesis
The Research Project
Definitions
Scope and Limitations
Outline of the Report
Anglo-Rock/Heavy Metal Industry and Music Marketing Theories
The Industry Environment
The Music Industry
The Entertainment Industry
Sales of Recorded Products
Record Companies
Evolution of the Environment
Independent Companies
Cyclical Theory
The Rock Industry
The Anglo-Rock/Heavy Metal Music Style
Definition
History
French Music Industry
French Rock History
French Music Market
Marketing Theories
Marketing Activity
Marketing Definition
Marketing Goal
Marketing Strategies
Marketing Mix
The Promotion Activity
Music Marketing
Music Marketing Definition
Music Marketing Departments
Music Marketing Goals
Music Product
Music Marketing Strategy
Music Promotion
Music Promotion Definition and Goals
Music Promotion Strategy
Music and Artist Promotion
Promotion Means
Traditional Promotion Means
Radio Promotion
Television Promotion
Live Performance Promotion
Press Promotion
Internet Promotion
Original and New Promotion Means
International Marketing
Culture Theories
Culture Definition
Culture Theory
Impact of National Cultures on Promotion
Music Cultures
French Music Regulations
The Method Chapter
Research Methodology
Methodology to Recolt Quantitative Data
Live Promotion
Radio and TV Promotion
Methodology to Recolt Qualitative Data
Limitations of the Methodology
The Results Chapter
Results from Quantitative Data
Live Promotion
Radio and TV Promotion
Results from Qualitative Data
The Conclusions Chapter
Appendices A-O
From the Paper "Dolfsma (2000) explained that music industry has a structure that is a blending between local and global. Majors are global companies organised at the international level with subsidiaries in more than one country. The typical organisation chart of the majors' subsidiaries worlwide is composed of three main departments (marketing, international and nation). Rock music is usually marketed in each of these three departments that is why it is impossible to quantify and know the proportion of Rock music produced".
Abstract This paper investigates why the promotion and sales of anglo-rock and heavy metal are less in France than in the USA. The music industry, the marketing of music and the research methodology are fully explained. The author reports that the research found that the differences were because of cultural factors. In France, lyrics are more important than the music. Therefore, because the French do not necessarily speak English, they are not specially interested in a music whose lyrics are not understood. The author stresses the importance of knowing cultural preferences and behavior in international marketing because cross-cultural promotion cannot be standardized. Includes many color graphs and tables.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introductory Chapter
Background of the Research
Theme
Research Problems
Research Rationale
Research Motivation
Research Question
Aims and Objectives
Hypothesis
The Research Project
Definitions
Scope and Limitations
Outline of the Report
Anglo-Rock/Heavy Metal Industry and Music Marketing Theories
The Industry Environment
The Music Industry
The Entertainment Industry
Sales of Recorded Products
Record Companies
Evolution of the Environment
Independent Companies
Cyclical Theory
The Rock Industry
The Anglo-Rock/Heavy Metal Music Style
Definition
History
French Music Industry
French Rock History
French Music Market
Marketing Theories
Marketing Activity
Marketing Definition
Marketing Goal
Marketing Strategies
Marketing Mix
The Promotion Activity
Music Marketing
Music Marketing Definition
Music Marketing Departments
Music Marketing Goals
Music Product
Music Marketing Strategy
Music Promotion
Music Promotion Definition and Goals
Music Promotion Strategy
Music and Artist Promotion
Promotion Means
Traditional Promotion Means
Radio Promotion
Television Promotion
Live Performance Promotion
Press Promotion
Internet Promotion
Original and New Promotion Means
International Marketing
Culture Theories
Culture Definition
Culture Theory
Impact of National Cultures on Promotion
Music Cultures
French Music Regulations
The Method Chapter
Research Methodology
Methodology to Recolt Quantitative Data
Live Promotion
Radio and TV Promotion
Methodology to Recolt Qualitative Data
Limitations of the Methodology
The Results Chapter
Results from Quantitative Data
Live Promotion
Radio and TV Promotion
Results from Qualitative Data
The Conclusions Chapter
Appendices A-O
From the Paper "Dolfsma (2000) explained that music industry has a structure that is a blending between local and global. Majors are global companies organised at the international level with subsidiaries in more than one country. The typical organisation chart of the majors' subsidiaries worlwide is composed of three main departments (marketing, international and nation). Rock music is usually marketed in each of these three departments that is why it is impossible to quantify and know the proportion of Rock music produced".
Abstract This paper examines the content of "The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" as a primary historical source for the creation of English and England. It shows how the work of historian Venerable Bede documents England prior to the "Chronicle" and details religious and cultural life in that era, while the Chronicle focuses on the broader historical scale of war. It also focuses on the linguistic significance of the "Chronicle" the first important piece of English prose.
From the paper:
"One of the most important aspects of 'The Angle-Saxon Chronicle' is that it is the first continuous national history of any western people in their own language. Written down by a succession of generations of scribes, 'The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle' covers such fundamentally important events in the history of early England as the migration of the Saxon war-lords, the results of the Romanization of Britain, the onslaught of the Vikings, the Norman Conquest and on the reign of Stephen."
Abstract This paper discusses the fact that the Anglo-Saxons reused Roman buildings over the time period from the 5th century to the 8th century in the Upper Thames Valley in Great Britain. The paper investigates the towns in this area and analyzes the reasons why some of the towns were brought back to use, whereas others were not. It also examines the manner in which the buildings were reused, the process of change over time and the differences between the reuse of housing as compared to public buildings. Finally, it provides a conclusion drawn from the research.
Outline
Introduction
Manner and Method of Anglo-Saxon Roman Building Reuse
Reuse of the Roman Buildings in Towns of the Upper Thames Valley
Motivation Behind Reuse
The Process of Change Over Time
The Disuse of Housing
Conclusion and Analysis
From the Paper "Past studies have implied that these Roman ruins were important to medieval builders simply as cheap and convenient sources of stone. Building materials were selected according to their qualities and availabilities, and in some instances, because of particular qualities. In many cases, however, the functionality of particular material overrode the aesthetic qualities and durability of a particular material. Research indicates that a building stone used initially because of particular aesthetic qualities may be reused at a later date purely for convenience and necessity. An additional value to the examination of building materials, where it can be shown they are reused is that the presence of reused materials may indicate the presence of archaeological sites that are currently unknown (Windsor, 2004). "
Abstract This paper examines the content and significance of the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle." It begins by discussing in general about the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" and provides some basic background information about the document. The paper then closely examines a few key figures from the "Chronicles", such as Canute the Great, Harold Harefoot and Edward III. The paper illustrates the way that the document presents key information about events and individuals in the medieval history of England and Europe.
From the Paper "The value of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to historians of medieval Europe is nearly innumerable. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle provides a clear record of the major events that occurred in England from the time it was first written in the late 9th century until the 12th century AD. In addition, the authors traced back events to the birth of Christ, providing a comprehensive history of England and her people, written by the first people who could be historically called English. Scholars of medieval history can utilize this text to provide a fuller understanding of the lives and events that shaped the historical development of England and Europe."
Tags: medieval, Canute the Great, Harold Harefoot, Edward III
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts the German, Japanese and Anglo Saxon (USA) management and culture. Areas that are used for comparison include national and organizational culture, the economy, organizational aims, management styles, employment practices, approaches to promotion and other businesses and institutions. Arguments as to which style is the most successful are also provided.
From the Paper "Companies, like countries have identifiable cultures. An organizational culture is the combination of shared values and beliefs of members of organizations and is affected by the cultures of society. There are three main cultures and styles of management including Anglo-Saxon, which incorporates the Unites States and Great Britain, Japanese and German. Each culture has its preferred ways of co-coordinating and controlling. Culture influences a company's behavior, linking different jobs, rules and procedures. Organizational culture can undergo change. Schein (1992) believes that only statements can be made about elements of culture and not culture in its entirety due to the complexity of the issue."
Abstract Both of these poems from ancient Anglo - Saxon origin, with no known authors, are examined in this paper. The following elements are compared tone, imagery, and theme. Even though the circumstances the main character faces within each poem is unique, many parallels can be drawn.
From the Paper "The tone of each poem begins with Pagan elements and is ended by interjections of Christianity. In ?The Seafarer,? the first third of the poem does not mention God and instead focuses on the isolation of the main character. Also, a Pagan funeral pyre is included in the poem (line 114), and the Pagan values of pride and glorification after death are praised during the beginning of the poem. Several Christian elements offset this Pagan tone. A clear Christian interjection occurs when the poet writes "A man must conquer pride, not kill it" (line 109) because this statement was against Anglo-Saxon belief. In addition, the lines "Fate is stronger and God mightier than any man's mind" (lines 115-116) and "Praise the Holy Grace of Him who honored us" (lines 122-123) do not fit well with the rest of the poem which focuses more on the glory of man and his individual accomplishments. A similar pattern in tone is evident in ?The Wanderer.? From the lines "He claspeth his dear lord again, head on knee, hand on knee, loyally laying, pledging his liege in days long past" (lines 36-38) it is clear to the reader that the main character feels much more of an allegiance to his lord than to God. The Pagan concept of fate (line 54) reinforces the lack of Christianity in the poem. However, in the last few lines of the poem, "And happy the man who seeketh for mercy from his heavenly Father, our fortress and strength" (lines 107-108), a Christian concept is introduced which disrupts the Pagan tone of the poem. "The Seafarer" and "The Wanderer" have similar shifts in tone which attempt to Christianize otherwise Pagan poems."
Abstract This paper investigates the nature of the unheroic in classic tales from the Anglo- Saxon period in English literature. Of note are the saga of "King Arthur" and of "Beowulf", which are discussed in respect to the unheroic characters that are manifest in both works. This paper demonstrates that the unheroic character is not the opposite of a heroic character, but rather embodies qualities that are separate from those of a hero. In demonstrating this argument, it is shown that for a character to embody "unheroic" traits that they need not be villains but rather are a different type of character altogether.
Abstract This is a research paper dealing with the three Anglo-Dutch wars of the middle 17th century. The paper looks at origins of the conflicts and historical events leading up to the wars. It also analyzes the position from both sides during the conflicts.
From the Paper "Overshadowed by the massive conflict and change of the civil war were a series of conflicts between England and the United Netherlands. The first three can really be called a continuation of hostilities and were fought between 1652 and 1674, only footnotes in history, where important for a variety of reasons. This document is an attempt to examine those conflicts in a strictly historical text and look at documented evidence as to the impact of said conflicts. At large will be the issues of economy, combat effectiveness, and popular opinion of the wars, while some space will be allotted for discussion of historical context as well."
Tags: 17th, century, england, europe, netherlands, seventeenth, united
Abstract This article examines how Anglo Saxon Protestant core values promote political unity and cultural homogeneity in American society. The writer discusses tensions caused by multiculturalism in the American society.
From the Paper "United States culture and society are the product of historical and ongoing immigration characterizing the U.S. as multicultural. A democracy and pluralistic society, the U.S. is also characterized by the core values of a dominant class of white Anglo Saxon men. This class uses its significant wealth and political power to reinforce through various institutions. For centuries, political unity and cultural homogeneity were the norm in the United States. However, due to an increasing number of ... "
Abstract This paper briefly examines how the invasion of the Anglo-Saxons in A.D. 449 influenced the history, geography and culture of Britain. In particular it discusses their influence on the English language and the eventual introduction of Christianity.
From the Paper "The introduction of Christianity in the Anglo-Saxon period had a significant effect on their language. In the year A.D. 597 the Christian Latin vocabulary was introduced in England. St. Augustine and about 50 monks came to Britain to spread Christianity to the savage warriors. St. Augustine was fortunate to land in the small kingdom of Kent, which contained a small Christian community. King Aethelbert of Kent was married to a Christian woman so he allowed St. Augustine to preach and attempt to convert the English, but he warned him that most people would not easily abandon their long held beliefs. (McCrum et al., 1993). It took the Christians seven years to convert the majority of Kent. In Origins of the English Language it is noted that, "By 700 [A.D.] England could be called a moderately Christian nation" (Williams, 1975). "
