Abstract In this article the writer discusses the anatomy of the eye and looks at how the eye works. The writer explores LASIK, which is a surgical procedure to reduce a person's dependence on glasses or contact lenses. In this paper, the writer discusses the effectiveness of LASIK and expresses a personal opinion of whether it is a good procedure to undergo.
From the Paper "Arguably the eye is one of the most important organs of the human body. Through the eye and the brain, we are able to make sense of the world around us and enjoy the subtle shadings of a sunset. In the simplest terms the eye is like a camera. It is composed of various components that ultimately allow us to see. The opening is called the pupil. The lens system includes the transparent covering of the ... "
Abstract This clearly written paper presents an understanding into the basic physiology of the eye and how it responds to light which in effect begins the visual process. The writer of this paper delves into the anatomy of the eye as well as the brain's association to the concept of light. The writer contends and explains why the human eye is basically a fully functioning, self contained camera with a never ending supply of power. The eye functions mainly by permitting light to pass through the cornea which acts in the same manner as a camera's aperture. The writer delves into the field of evolution by contending that sight and vision are a crucial aspect in mankind's evolutionary progress. This paper also contains three illustrative graphics relevant to this particular topic.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Light and the Sun
Human Eye Anatomy Vision Function
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Our planet is as it is because of the main function of the sun. The sun is the center and most likely the most critical part of our solar system because of the light it offers to feed our planet and drive all life. There is little doubt from a scientific perspective that our planet would be greatly altered without the sun and most likely would have no life. For living creatures to evolve, expand and thrive, they have had to learn to function on the ideas or concepts of sensing light in some way.
This notion applies to all living creature on our planet and therefore could be considered to be an almost universal law. Consider that all plants utilize light through the concept of photosynthesis to feed themselves and mammals and other life forms utilize light to hunt, mate and preserve themselves through the cycles of light that are present."
Abstract This essay studies the book "The Anatomy of Motive", a book by an FBI profiler that is concerned with the reasons that people can kill senselessly and so have to be hunted to begin with. The book examines some of the most widely known murder cases ever such as: Andrew Cunanan, who killed the designer Gianni Versace in Miami Beach in 1997; Timothy J. McVeigh, the Oklahoma City bomber; the Una bomber, Theodore Kaczynski; and more.This book is a careful study about the similarities shared by these cases and yet also the many ways in which they are unique. "
From the Paper "One of the hardest questions for most people to answer is why people kill each other? We are not, of course, talking about what makes people kill in self defense, because we can all understand this (even if we ourselves might not do so) or those will in the line of duty as soldiers. Again, we might (because of religious or moral concerns) choose not to do so ourselves, but we can understand why someone would kill in a situation like this. But what can possibly be the motivation for people to commit the kind of murder that is usually considered to be a senseless one. What are ? what can be? ? The motivations behind serial, mass, and spree killings? John Douglas and Mark Olshaker try to answer these questions for us in their book The Anatomy of Motive, a book by an FBI profiler that is actually less concerned with the mechanics of profiling than with the reasons that people commit these kinds of crimes and so have to be hunted to begin with."
An overall look at Da Vinci's brilliant work during the humanistic period in Europe, which introduced the study of anatomy and functions of the human body.
Abstract This paper provides a look at Da Vinci's humanistic work during the late Middle Ages in Europe that brought the study of anatomy into existence. Though outlawed by the Catholic Church, dissection gave Da Vinci the ability to sketch the human body inside and out.
From the Paper "During the Renaissance, a movement towards humanism brought anatomy from nonexistence to theory to science. Leonardo Da Vinci was a humanist who was a part of the scientific revolution during the 15th and 16th centuries and studied medicine, in addition to mathematics, physics, art, etc. When the shift to realism became important in art, anatomy and the study of the physical body was immensely important to artists in Europe. Da Vinci rebelled against the church to take the first step in portraying the body as how it is, which is important to humanism because it focuses on the physical human body."
Abstract The paper discusses "Anatomy of Greed", which shows the author's place as an Enron insider and his view of the overall scheme of things in the Enron scandal. The paper explains how Enron was building itself up for years, based on few assets, tricky accounting and a building debt. Higher officials inside Enron were benefiting from this at the cost of employees and others who were depending on stock or employment options that did not exist. The paper reveals that accounting practices that were legal gave Enron the idea that it could hide its dealings. The paper explores how it was fear and greed that led Enron to continue acting unethically until it destroyed the company and many people's lives in the process.
From the Paper "Chapter One, entitled "Welcome to the Death Star," explains how Cruver started with Enron. It explains how lucky he thought he was to work for such a highly respect and world-renowned company that was a leader in business. Shortly after beginning, Cruver became aware of many things that may not have been common knowledge to those outside of Enron. Some were light-hearted, like the many comparisons of Enron to Star Wars; Enron headquarters was the Death Star (hence the chapter title), Chief Executive Officer Jeff Skilling was Darth Vader, and Ken Lay was the Emperor."
This essay takes the reader step by strep through the dissection of a fetal pig, outlining the organs and body systems they belong to, as well as giving a visual perspective on each organ.
Abstract This paper examines the anatomy of a fetal pig, and indicates how to gain dexterity with the instruments used in the dissection procedure. The author compares the anatomy of the fetal pig with that of the human body.
From the Paper "The first step was to obtain the Fetal Pig and to tie it in the supine position, anterior surface facing up in side the dissection pan. To tie the animal, we used butcher's twine and secured the front and hinds legs using a lasso technique. To make the first incision I had to locate the Xifoid Process of the Fetal Pig, distal aspect of the sternum."
Abstract This paper discusses the hepatic portal system in terms of clinically relevant anatomy. The fetal circulation, in conjunction with the portal system as well as the important anatomic shunts, are also discussed along with changes to this special type of circulation after birth. The writer also looks at the relevant physiology in relation to these circulation circuits as well as pathological disorders associated with each. The writer concludes that the fetal circulation bears many differences from adult circulation, particularly the presence of two distinct circulation systems, shunts that divert blood from less metabolically-demanding organs, a relatively high right heart blood pressure and relatively high tolerance of fetal circulation towards low oxygen tension.
Outline:
Anatomy Main Pathological Disorders
Summary
Physiology
From the Paper "The hepatic portal system is a significant part of the circulation of the upper gut. It is an unusual system in that it drains blood from the small and large intestines and shunts it elsewhere. The blood, instead of returning to the heart, is diverted to the liver where a variety of metabolic processes are accomplished. This blood, while partially oxygen-depleted as it leaves the intestinal tissue, supplies the liver cells with oxygen and is also nutrient-rich, providing them with the necessary substrates to produce energy and synthesize the different building blocks for the rest of the body."
Abstract This case study essay first gives an overview of the patient's pertinent history and medical information. The paper then discusses the clinical diagnosis of the cancer and examines the anatomy of the prostate. Also discussed, are the pathology of prostate cancer, the role of imaging modalities in its diagnosis, its treatment, and prognosis. This paper also includes illustrations to accompany the data.
Table of Contents:
Case History
Clinical Diagnosis
Anatomy MRI & CT Images of Normal Prostate and Prostatic Cancer
Pathology
Role of Imaging Modalities in the Diagnosis
1. Distant Staging
a. Radionuclide bone scan
b. Computerized tomography
2. Local Staging
Treatment
1. Surgery
a. Pelvic lymphadenectomy
b. Radical prostatectomy
c. Transurethral resection of the prostate
2. Radiation therapy
3. Hormone therapy
4. New types of treatment
a. Cryosurgery
b. Chemotherapy
c. Biologic therapy
d. High-intensity focused ultrasound
Prognosis of Prostate Cancer
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRSI) "is an MRI technique that attempts to identify cancer through the assessment of tissue metabolites" (Taneja 2004) such as citrate, choline and creatinine. Normal prostate gland contains low levels of choline and high levels of citrate, whereas prostate cancer lesions demonstrate high levels of choline and decreased levels of citrate. The high choline levels in cancer are related to increased cell turnover in proliferating malignant tissue. The citrate level is diminished or undetectable because of a conversion from citrate-producing to citrate-oxidating metabolism. Therefore, there is an increased choline-citrate ratio. Suspicious voxels have the ratio of choline and creatine to citrate at least 2 SD higher than the average ratio for the normal peripheral zone, whereas very suspicious voxels have a ratio that is greater than 3 standard deviations above the normal average."
Tags: cancer, transrectal ultrasound, clinical examination, surgery prostatectomy, Pelvic lymphadenectomy
Reviews Patti Waldmeir's book "Anatomy of a Miracle", which chronicles the fall of apartheid in South Africa. Discusses key personalities such as De Klerk, Mandela and Buthelezi.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 1 source, 1997, $ 71.95
Introduction
The story of South Africa and the end of apartheid is a complicated one. It is not clear, however, that Waldmeir is adequate to the task of explicating that complexity. Her credentials, as provided to us through the discussion in the prologue, seem sufficient. She has a background in journalism, acquaintance with the continent and country, and interest in the subject. However, there is also a lack of sophistication in her presentation of herself and the understanding of the actors in the South African drama. It is particularly surprising that she makes a character assessment of a revolutionary based on his demeanor, and the fact that he swam laps in a swimming pool. That seems more of a child's perception of reality than ..."
Abstract Masters' and Johnson's Human Sexual Response is a report on the authors' long-term study of the anatomy and physiology of human sexual response conducted during the years 1954-66. The authors' preface briefly addresses the climate of fear and suspicion that had surrounded all previous attempts at such investigation and deplores the lack of a supportive response from the biological or psychological science communities for projects of this type.
From the Paper "Masters' and Johnson's Human Sexual Response is a report on the authors' long-term study of the anatomy and physiology of human sexual response conducted during the years 1954-66. The authors' preface briefly addresses the climate of fear and suspicion that had surrounded all previous attempts at such investigation and deplores the lack of a supportive response from the biological or psychological science communities for projects of this type. Their study, limited in this volume to the clinical examination of the nature of sexual response, is presented as "a first step toward an open-door policy" and future research based in "investigative objectivity" (vii). It follows from the initial investigations of sexual behavior conducted by Kinsey from 1938 to 1952 which, as the authors note, did include questions of physiology and anatomy. In order to achieve ..."
Abstract This paper discusses issues of validity, authorship, caliber of content and Web design. The website address is http://library.thinkquest.org/2760/homep.htm.
Abstract This paper explains that Michelangelo's sculpture of David is an excellent example of how an artist can combine the principles of design to create a masterpiece: balance, unity, movement, pattern, emphasis, rhythm, and contrast. The author points out that the visual equilibrium of the sculpture, or its balance, is asymmetrical; the statue is shaped with an ?S? curve, which combines the elements of balance and grace. The paper relates that the element of pattern in David reveals Michelangelo's genius of human anatomy, for example, the veins in David's right hand.
From the Paper "Michelangelo also displays an excellent use of contrast in David. David's hair is wavy and his skin is smooth. Contrast can also be seen in the wrinkles on David's face, the veins in his hands, and in the texture of his slingshot. The form of the statue also plays with shadows and light, which gives it a realistic feel. In terms of contrast, Michelangelo's David is true to human form. In addition, Michelangelo was careful not to add too much contrast to David. This could explain why David is not wearing any clothing or shoes. Too much contrast would certainly diminish the physical beauty of man that Michelangelo wished to emphasize. From this viewpoint, it is easy to understand why Michelangelo utilized a very limited amount of contrast in his sculpture."
Abstract In his book, "The Anatomy of Revolution," Crane Brinton describes the social and political processes at play during the last 200 years or so that contributed to the English, French, American, and Russian revolutions. This paper provides a review of Brinton's book to identify these processes and what effect these revolutions had on world history. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
From the Paper "The 19th century was a very turbulent period in human history, with many old institutions being swept aside amid the winds of revolution. There are many histories of "revolutions" in the world but there remains a paucity of research that actually attempts to formulate a theory of revolution. According to Black's Law Dictionary (1990), a revolution is distinctly differentiated from rebellions, insurrections, revolts and other types of civil uprisings; a revolution is "a complete overthrow of the established government or state by those who were previously subject to it" (1322). "
Abstract This is an anatomy paper which discusses gall bladder disorders. The writer first provides background information and then explores homeopathic treatments. It explains the need for alternative treatments to surgery and drugs.
From the Paper "The gall bladder is a small, pear-shaped organ nestled beneath the liver. It stores treats the bile from the liver, and then dumps the bile into the intestines. Gall bladders can suffer several disorders, such as gallstones, gall bladder sludge, infection and inflammation, and even cancer. Some symptoms of gall bladder disorders include nausea or vomiting, pain in the upper abdomen or between the shoulders, abdominal bloating, continued intolerance of fatty foods, and gas and/or indigestion (Comforth). Patients may also notice a fever, or slight jaundice (yellow skin or whites of the eyes) (Bartel). Gallstones are the most common form of gall bladder disorder, and usually are the cause of at least 80 percent of gall bladder disorders. Usually, there are always stones present in most gall bladders. However, when the stones move, and block the cystic duct, which is the main artery out of the gall bladder, problems occur. This is when the gall bladder cannot remove the bile, and it builds up inside the gall bladder with not outlet. Eventually this can lead to other complications, such as inflammation, infection, and even bursting of the gall bladder."
