An in-depth look at the issues surrounding validity and reliability in medical research.
Written in 2005; 2,504 words; 14 sources; APA; $ 76.95
Paper Summary:
This paper discusses the problems involved in ensuring the validity and reliability in medical research. The author provides many examples of the importance of ensuring validity and provides several relevant sources of research that have not always met the correct criteria.
From the Paper:
"One way to understand a research study is to view it as an exercise in measurement (Rothman and Greenland 1998a, p. 115). To uphold the validity of the measurement process is to reduce the possibility of systematic error or bias, and to preserve thereby its accuracy. To uphold the reliability of the measurement process is to reduce the risk of random error and to ensure thereby its precision . A key purpose of a research design is therefore to ensure accuracy and precision by eliminating the twin dangers of systematic and random error.
Threats to validity in the form of systematic error due to bias can arise at any point in the research process: from the question addressed, the literature searched, the sampling and selection process, the intervention, its measurement, through to the analysis and interpretation of results. Rather than identify each and every type of bias that can skew a study (given that Sackett (1979) identifies more than fifty), it is perhaps more useful to understand validity in terms of the steps taken to reduce bias and confounding in the design stage of a research study."
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