The Third Crusade

Paper Summary:

This paper takes a look at the Third Crusade, or the Kings' Crusade and explains why it was structurally the most prepared and organized crusade to have happened. The author explains how crusades were the Pope's answer to God's wishes concerning the lands that did not embrace Christianity and discusses the leadership of each of the Kings involved: King Richard of England, King Philip of France and the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick. The paper accounts for the non-achievement of this crusade but notes that it did prove beneficial as it united three different nations under a common cause and re-established just how important the spread of Christianity was.

From the Paper:

"Urban III was one of the main driving forces behind the expeditions of the First and Second Crusades during the early 12th century. However, with his death it was now his successor Gregory VIII that was sending out an appeal for a new crusade to be taken up. This call was answered by King Richard, Philip and Frederick who believed it was their duty to recapture Jerusalem and place it back into the holy hands of the Christians. Throughout this campaign to recruit soldiers the crusading mentality was beginning to shift. This thought now revolved around the connections the clergy were presenting to the people in regards to the link between crusading and their spiritual lives."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Barratt, Nick. "The English Revenue of Richard I." The English Historical Review, 2001, 635-656.
• Chazan, Robert. "Emperor Frederick I, the Third Crusade, and the Jews." Viator, 1997,83-93
• Eberhard Mayer, Hans. The Crusades. Oxford University Press: New York. 1988.
• Markowski, Michael. "Richard Lionheart: Bad King? Bad Crusader? Journal of Medieval History,. 1997, 351 -365
• Riley-Smith. Jonathan. The Crusades. Yale University Press: London. 1987.

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