A look at French working-class movements at the outbreak of the First World War.
Written in 2008; 2,699 words; 9 sources; MLA; $ 80.95
Paper Summary:
This paper attempts to understand the workers' movements' actions when faced with the possibility, and then reality of war; and why it happened that in 1914 there was a turnabout in policy and plans for a general strike should war be declared never came to fruition. In order to do this, the paper considers the context, i.e. the place of socialist parties and the syndicates in French society prior to mobilization. The paper then looks at the response of French workers' movements to Poincare's call for the formation of a "Union Sacree"; whether or not they responded to this plea and if so, how and why. Finally, the paper provides an analysis of the events and discusses whether the actions of French workers' movements were unsurprising or whether the change in policy was an unexpected move.
From the Paper:
"Right up until 1914, both the Socialist parties and the workers' unions were deeply divided. Both have a very tumultuous history and there seems to be an endless number of factions and splinter groups associated with the two. As it was, the French proletariat itself was slow to develop and so any organizations that represented their interests were relatively weak, and stayed so for a long while. It must also be taken into account that the French workers had very little experience of representing themselves by uniting in interest groups and working to promote their cause within the framework of a very bourgeois society. This was the case because up until the mid and late 1800s strikes and unions were forbidden; strikes were only legalised in 1864 and unions were tolerated (though not fully legalized) only in last years of the empire. After the disaster of the Paris Commune in 1871, the State outlawed all Socialist and trade-union activity and the working-class movement came to a standstill."
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