Written in 2007; 978 words; 1 sources; MLA; $ 34.95
Paper Summary:
This paper explains Mussolini's aims towards his desire to achieve autarky in Italy and how he launched massive propaganda campaigns to reach his ultimate objective.
From the Paper:
"Mussolini's 'Battle for Birth's' was set up in 1927, and in addition to propaganda through the media (by then controlled by the fascists), included awards for the mothers of several children. After 1939, the campaign became so desperate that mothers were given a medal with a silver bar for every child they bore. Financial incentives existed in 'marriage loans' and tax relief: repayment of the loans was cancelled if women bore four children, and the parents of ten children paid no income tax. Bachelors, furthermore, were forced to pay more in taxation, divorce remained illegal, abortion was banned, contraceptives were limited and the new 1931 Penal Code encompassed 'crimes against the wholeness of the race'. Promotion soon became possible only for fathers and civil service jobs were reserved for them too. All this, it seems, was in order to provide more soldiers, workers and inhabitants for the new colonies that said soldiers were supposed to be conquering in Africa. Mussolini's birth rate targets were high: he aimed to increase the population from 37 million in 1922 to 60 million by 1950. Despite these efforts, however, both the birth rate and the marriage rate continued to fall: the population in 1950, after the fall of fascism, was 47.5 million. The 'Battle for Births' may have prevented an even greater drop in birth rates, but in terms of its own aims, it achieved very little."
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