Marcus Garvey

Paper Summary:

This paper examines how Marcus Garvey expanded on the model for black self-determination offered by Booker T. Washington and the concept of "two-ness" or "double consciousness" provided by W. E. B. DuBois. The paper presents an analysis of where these black leaders stood on these issues. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.

From the Paper:

"While a number of divergent organizations have emerged since the end of the Civil War that reflected a wide range of ideologies, there have been some core components that were generally characteristic of the Black Nationalism tradition. The first component was the ardent belief that blacks in the U.S. were an oppressed nation or national minority, trapped inside a predominantly white society that had developed its own culture, social institutions and collective interests without regard to them. In this "double consciousness" setting of "we" and "them" then, black nationalists frequently considered themselves as being either people of African descent or Africans who just happened to be living in America at the time. Another key component of the Black Nationalism movement was the intuitive assessment by blacks that they would not be able to survive and thrive in a hostile environment unless they built their own institutions and enterprises to provide themselves with the goods, services and resources they would need to prosper."

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