Paper Summary:

The paper provides an overview of Mara Salavtrucha (MS-13) and the general data regarding gangs. The paper then applies the theoretical viewpoint of Marxism in order to identify the reasons for the phenomenal growth and popularity of this MS-13 group. The paper shows how while much of Marxist theory can be applied to the MS-13 situation, it does not explain factors such as the way in which increasing numbers of youths from the wealthier classes have begun joining their ranks. The paper suggests future research on the reasons for such strong commitment and loyalty.

Outline:
Introduction
Understanding Gang Phenomenon
Conclusion

From the Paper:

"While street gangs have been a phenomena in the United States since the early 19th century (Howell & Moore, 2010), their presence in South American countries is relatively recent. Today, however, countries such as El Salvador and Mexico are home to Mara Salavtrucha (MS-13), a gang that was born in Los Angeles in the latter half of the 20th century as a means of helping El Salvadorian refugee youth to defend themselves against the numerous gangs that threatened them. Within just a few years, MS13 gang members were being deported back to their native El Salvador as a means of halting the gang's growing violence and criminal activities in Los Angeles. This plan, unfortunately, backfired."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Howell, James C. & Moore, John P. (2010). Online article: "History of Street Gangs in the United States." Retrieved 05/06/2011 from:<http://www.nationalgangcenter.gov/Content/Documents/History-of-Street-Gangs.pdf>
• Franco, Celinda (2008). Online report: "CRS Report for Congress: The MS-13 and 18th Street Gangs: Emerging Transnational Gang Threats?" Retrieved 05/06/2011 from:<http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL34233.pdf>
• Free Republic (2009). Online article: "MS-13 Now Controls Mexican Border." Retrieved 05/07/2011 from:<http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/2305463/posts>
• Halsall, Paul (1997). Online article: "Modern History Sourcebook: Summary of Wallerstein on World System Theory." Retrieved 05/06/2011 from:<http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/wallerstein.html>
• Kontos, Louis - editor, Brotherton, David - editor, Barrios, Luis - editor. Gangs and Society: Alternative Perspectives. Publisher: Columbia University Press. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 2003.

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