Intelligence and Intelligence Testing

Paper Summary:

This paper explains that many questions are being raised about intelligence being more than just verbal and analytical capabilities and about the validity of traditional standardized intelligence tests, such as the SAS. The paper then goes on to review the contemporary theories of psychologists Howard Gardner and Robert Sternberg, which take a more holistic stand that intelligence is a multitude of skills or metacognition, which allows a person to choose an appropriate mode of thinking under different conditions. The paper concludes that the measurement of intelligence must be linked to behavior that perceives one's own environment realistically, adapts to it or changes it and derives optimum benefits from it.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Contemporary Intelligence Theories
Intelligence Testing
Conclusion

From the Paper:

"The notion is that even advanced tests can not encompass the whole scope of human intelligence, and many people may feel left out, inadequate, unfit, etc., which in turn may lead to low motivation, or so-called low effort syndrome, especially prevalent among ethnic minorities. This is especially problematic for countries that host numerous cultures that are trying to assimilate into their new society. It is indeed a cumbersome task to evaluate intelligence strengths for every group, but there are universal elements of intelligence common to every culture and society."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Muncy, J. (2006). Implications of contemporary intelligence theories to marketing education. Journal of Education for Business. 81 (6), p. 301-306. Retrieved from EBSCOhost database on January 26, 2010
• Giger, M. (2006). The Role of Standardized Intelligence Measures in Testing for Giftedness. Retrieved from http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/giftednessTesting.shtml on January 26, 2010

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