Paper Summary:

The subject of this paper is the creation and administration of regional and national innovation systems. The paper assumes that the results of such systems, whether formal or informal, are key in determining their effectiveness. Since it is not possible to separate cultural from governmental or natural advantages, the primary focus of this paper is to find success and deconstruct it, wherever it occurs.

Table of Contents:
Innovation: Most Oppose it, and it is Politically Difficult
State-Sponsored Innovation Support Efforts
Science Parks, Incentives to Move Manufacturing
Definition of Successful Innovation
Whither Innovation and National or Regional Systems?

From the Paper:

"The general record of such state funds has been poor. The State of Ohio closed down its fund-of-funds investments after several scandals. The State of New Mexico, which had intended to invest over $200 million of state pension money, closed down its effort with an outside fund-of-funds manager due to differences between the managers (who wanted to focus on financial returns) and employees of the state (who wanted to direct money to political favorites)."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Asen, R. "The Multiple Mr. Dewey: Multiple Publics and Permeable Borders in John Dewey's Theory of the Public Sphere." Argumentation and Advocacy, 2003: 174-182.
• Balzac, M. "Recent Trends in the Research on National Innovation Systems." REPEC. November 26, 2007. http://ideas.repec.org/p/aug/augsbe/0254.html (accessed November 28, 2007).
• Birch, D. L. MIT Program on Neighborhood and Regional Change. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1987.
• Christensen, C. The Innovator's Dilemma. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1995.
• Colvin, G. "Long-term thinking." WALl Street Week with Fortune, April 22, 2004: n.p.

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