Freud and Psychology

Paper Summary:

In this article, the writer discusses that Sigmund Freud, who is one of the earliest psychologists, theorized personality development derived from his theories of the id, ego and superego and which focused on the unconscious and subconscious as agents of human behavior. The writer notes that in addition, Freud suggested theories of neuroses involving childhood relationships to one's parents and emphasized the importance of sexuality in behavior. The writer discusses that today, other forms of psychology other than psychoanalysis, which was begun by Freud, still rely on his teachings to combine the best of all types of therapy.

From the Paper:

"Freud believed that each personality has a three-prong psychological structure: the id, or the unconscious emotions, desires and fears that may surface in dreams or madness; the ego, or the conscious rationalizing section of the mind; and the superego, which often is compared to the conscience. Based on Freud's interpretation, an infant or toddler's behavior is largely based on id, or driven by unchecked and unquestioned desires; the ego develops from this id, allowing the child to negotiate effectively with the external world It is the arbiter between the selfish needs of the id and the idealistic demands of the superego; and the superego evolves as the child learns and accepts societal norms and values. Nye noted that this process exemplifies a boy's connection with his father and suggests he internalize his father's values and norms. It also allows social functioning so that family and cultural values are passed on through the generations. Similarly, a young girl may unconsciously incorporate her mother's value system."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Allen, B. P. (2000). Personality theories: Development, growth, and diversity. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
• Nye, R. D. (1981). Three psychologies: Perspectives from Freud, Skinner, and Rogers. Values Development Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
• Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved April 23, 2008. http://www.iep.utm.edu/f/freud.htm#H5
• World Book Encyclopedia Retrieved April 23, 2008 www.worldbook.com
• Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved April 23, 2008 www.britannica.com

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