Families, Delinquency and Crime

Paper Summary:

In this article, the writer reviews and critiques the respondent learning theory and the operant learning (or conditioning) theory. It is the opinion expressed in this paper that by studying the operant conditioning in people one can best explain the dynamics behind deviant (delinquent) behavior. Further, the writer maintains that B.F. Skinner's approach to the operant learning (conditioning) theory is the most practical way to launch research into deviant behavior. The writer concludes that Skinner even developed teaching machines that were the forerunners to today's computer-based self-instruction; he was a pathfinder, and his theories hold a great deal of value and respect today.

Outline:
Respondent Thoery
Operant or Instrumental Learning
Similarities and Differences between Operant and Respondent Theories of Behavior
Operant Behavior is the Most Practical, Applicable in Explaining Deviant Behavior

From the Paper:

"Organisms either acquire an aversion to something or they acquire an attraction. That explains how humans learn to respond, the theory goes. The first descriptive incidence that led to the formulation of this theory was the famous Pavlov experiments with dogs. The canines in his research were seen to be salivating when the kennel door was opened, because they knew there was the distinct possibility that food would be forthcoming.
"Anyone with a dog or a cat can create the same response by banging a fork on an open can of dog food or cat food; while the animal is resting or snoozing somewhere else in the house, and the owner bangs on the can of dog or cat food, that critter will come scurrying into the kitchen in the believe that something tasty awaits."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Hogben, Matthew; & Dyme, Donn. (1998). Using Social Learning Theory to Explain Individual Differences in Human Sexuality. The Journal of Sex Research 35(1), 58-72.
• Rehfeldt, Ruth Anne; & Hayes, Linda J. (1998). The Operant-Respondent Distinction Revisited: Toward an Understanding of Stimulus Equivalence. Psychological Record, 48(2), 187-211.
• Skinner, B. F. (1998). A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: B. F. Skinner 1904-1990. Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved May 18, 2008, from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bhskin.html.

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