Abstract The paper offers an introduction to the article by Aikhenvald entitled "Multilingualism and Ethnic Stereotypes: The Tariana of the Northwest Amazonia" and explains the main arguments presented. The paper then focuses on the weaknesses of the article as well as the interesting points that can be noticed.
Outline:
Introduction
Main Arguments
Weaknesses
Interesting Points/Support
Questions
From the Paper "Aikhenvald (2003) touches upon a range of sociolinguistic topics in her article. The main focus is the use and choice of language in a rather special multilingual speech community and its contribution to the reproduction of ethnic stereotypes associated with each language. As Aikhenvald gives a detailed introduction to the topic and provides much background information on the Tariana, the article is easy comprehensible and suitable for any Linguist or Linguistics student. The discussion of the topic offers an interesting combination of sociolinguistic concepts such as code-mixing and code-switching, repertoires, identity, prestige and respect of the languages and their speakers, as well as rules for language choice."
Abstract This paper discusses the different types of deforestation and their causes, and suggests various areas in which possible solutions may be found. Both tropical deforestation and dry forest clearing are addressed. Increased population growth, agribusiness, cattle ranching, and small-scale farming and wood collecting are among the reasons given for destruction of forests. Proposed solutions include a discussion of preservation policies, greater economic use of forests currently destroyed, and 'tolerant forest management'.
From the Paper "The deforestation of vegetation has been carried out for millennia, in all parts of the world inhabited by man. But in recent decades, with the growth of "green" issues in general, great concern has been raised about deforestation and it's causes, especially in developing countries, which do not safeguard their forests in the way the west usually does. The term deforestation is vague, which makes it difficult to define, record and make comparisons. But deforestation can generally be divided into two broad categories. These are tropical deforestation (the clearing of dense rainforests, usually for agricultural purposes) and dry forest clearing (where trees are generally cut for firewood (Todaro: 1997). We shall look here at the causes of deforestation in developing countries in all it's forms, and then hopefully outline possible solutions to the apparent destruction caused to the bio-diversity of plants and animals, and environmental stability. "
Abstract This research explores the twin problems of deforestation and agricultural growth in the Brazilian rain forest. The research sets forth the ecological context in which these issues have arisen, as well as ways in which the problems have affected the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere of the region. It then discusses the range of past and projected responses to the problem with a view toward forecasting possible lines of development and resolution.
From the Paper "Such issues have been at work in Brazil for decades. As early as the 1950s and 1960s, partly in cooperation with UNESCO, Brazil's government undertook economic-development projects in Brazil, in Amazonia (Amazon, 1967) and in another major rain forest system called the Atlantic Forest. Such aggressive industrial development occurred in the latter region over the years that the great mass of the Atlantic Forest has all but disappeared. Only remainder patches of unspoiled lush vegetation survive in the current period, from the million-kilometer area of former times (Dean, 1997)."
Tags:Amazonia, UN, environment, Roraima, tapper, World, Bank
Abstract This paper examines the main characteristics of the environmental zones of Patagonia and the Amazon Basin. The paper discusses the revelation that human adaptive systems were constrained or limited to bands in the case of Patagonia, villages in the case of terra firme Amazonia, and chiefdom in the case of the Amazonian region.
From the Paper "Environmental Zones and Human Adaptive Systems: Each of these respective human adaptive systems developed in response to the environmental realities presented by each of these geographical regions. The implications of the relationship between environmental zones and the characteristic adaptive system each zone influenced are evident, for the Band-Village-Chiefdom heuristic in South America reveals that human societies and cultures generally develop in response to the availability or lack of availability of food."
