Abstract This paper discusses the history of the AmateurSportsIntegrityAct. The paper chronicles the act's introduction in the Senate, the debate over it, and its ultimate failure to be passed into law.
From the Paper "Senator McCain sponsored a bill called the Amateur Sports Integrity Act. This bill received approval from the Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation in May of ... to be scheduled for a hearing and a vote in the United States Senate. The bill was re-introduced in the House..."
Tags:AmateurSportsIntegrityAct, NCAA, Point shaving, amateur athletics, Senator McCain, gambling, Internet gambling, student-athletes, legal gambling, Nevada sports book
An exploration of how the sports industry is a land of opportunity for sports commissions and the local communities that are trying to generate economic impact from sports.
3,688 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
Abstract This paper explores different avenues for small-scale sports tourism in the direction of amateursports tournaments and how establishing a sport commission can help. It focuses on recreational sport tournaments for adults and youth by examining a case study dealing with the organization of a sports commission and the economic impact it that has resulted on the community. The reason for discussing sports tournaments is because they are fairly low-investment opportunities that small communities can explore, with large returns for the resources that are already present.
Outline
Introduction
Review of Literature
Case Study
Discussion and Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper "Green and Chalip (1998) help explain who is participating by exploring the motivations of the active sport tourist traveling to participate in their chosen sport by examining a women's flag football tournament. The authors explain the increasing growth in active lifestyles and how it is not only the younger population, who are participating, but also the older segment is starting to stay more active. This trend is leading to more vacations that are based on or around sport. The paper presents the ideas that the active sport tourist does not only travel for the competition, but also to be able to identify with the subculture of their sport. As in the case of the women football players, they enjoy being able to socialize with people who share their same interests during social events sponsored by the tournament organizers. They travel as teams, and along with these teams comes family and friends, which in turn bring along more economic impact for the community hosting the event."
Abstract This paper examines how the membership and involvement of groups is a primary element in almost every aspect of life, both positively and negatively influencing individuals. It looks at how individuals come together to form groups for a variety of reasons, both personal and professional and how these groups include the formation and function of sports teams. It focuses on groups and their relationship with amateursports teams. First, the sports team as an effective group is discussed, followed by team leadership development and a discussion on team morale.
Abstract This paper discusses one of the central themes of the internal politics of sports, as being the conflict between commercial professional ethos and amateur elite ethos. The paper discusses the growing commercialism in British sports since 1945 and explores and analyzes the different perspectives of amateur elitism and commercial professionalism.
From the Paper "It is also worth noting that even during the peak of the amateur ideal, professionalism and commercialism were not eradicated, nor always treated with hostility . They were instead, bounded and subordinated for the most part. Arguably, distinctions between the amateur and professional sportsman remained crucial in that they "helped maintain a pre-existing set of social relations" and "often served to preclude or circumscribe class competition in sport" Though by the 1950s with the foundations of Britain's 'New Jerusalem' firmly laid ideas that the gentlemanly amateur should outrank the paid professional became unfashionable. Social change and a "less deferential spirit" provided the impetus for challenging traditional hierarchies of power in sports. Indeed the 1950s is often seen as the decade "when a set of crucial changes were set in train which were set to usher in the 'modern' game" of professionalized sports."
Abstract This paper discusses the tremendous growth of participation in amateur athletic events over the past few decades in terms of their scope, power and economic status and that in the United States alone, amateur athletics involve the lives and athletic experiences of people from their childhood through high school and college and beyond. This paper also discusses how high school and college sports are one of the most popular and important aspects of academic life today and that the camaraderie and fellowship that can emerge among sports players can possibly last a lifetime. The focus of this paper is on a disturbing trend towards violence in sports that has emerged in recent years. While injuries and mishaps can reasonably be expected to take place in any sporting event, there is frequently a fine distinction between intimidating tactics and violence that can result in serious injuries on the sporting field.
From the Paper "While violence in collegiate sports has received much attention in recent years, a less publicized problem also exists. College athletes are highly popular figures on campus and in communities, but they are being unfairly treated in terms of how they are compensated for their efforts. While the performance of these student athletes on the field or court provides millions of dollars in revenue for universities, these students receive only their scholarships (usually comprised of tuition, room, and board), but no spending money. Furthermore, under current NCAA regulations, these student athletes are prohibited from even working part-time during the season. "Athletes have been caught trying to make money by getting loans from coaches and advisers," the author says, "selling the shoes and other gear they get as team members, taking allowances from agents, and getting paid for no-show summer jobs provided by jock-sniffing alumni--all violations of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) rules" (38). "
Tags: non, sporting, events, athletes, students, teams, coaches, drugs
Abstract This paper reviews the book 'For the Love Of It: Amateuring and Its Rivals' by Wayne C. Booth. According to this paper, Booth explores the concept of amateurism, the amateur that pursues the given task or discipline for the love of doing so and not for pecuniary rewards. This paper discusses how the amateur pursues any discipline or skill for its own sake.
From the Paper "Booth discusses the issue beginning with reference to music and how the disappearance of amateurism in the traditional sense has altered the kind of music that is even written. He cites Daniel Barenboim to the effect that chamber music has been disappearing in part because it was "linked to playing music in private homes -- not only by amateurs, but by professionals, too. Now people have less time, and a great interest in passive musical appreciation and listening" (Booth, 1999, p. 15). Booth discusses the issue in terms of his own experience, noting how he started playing the cello when he was 31 years old and then experiencing decades of disappointment and frustration as well as hours of happiness while playing. Being an amateur himself, he sought to know more about the idea of and practice of amateurism and traces the concept through different manifestations and different types of activity, finding in particular that the idea has long held sway in music and in sport more than in other disciplines."
Abstract In this article the writer analyzes four different legal issues related to sports in four short essays. The writer discusses the subjects of sports team names, athletes with disabilities, compensation for student athletes and amateurism in intercollegiate sports.
From the Paper "The New Hampshire State Board of Education recently originated a resolution banning the use of Indian mascots within public schools. In the resolution, the Board stated no matter how well or meaning their intentions, their actions may be offensive and harmful to some and therefore need to be eliminated. Temporarily leaving aside the First Amendment, which protects the right of offensive speech to be expressed, the idea of offensiveness is wrongly applied by the Board's decision. School mascots are usually a symbol of school ... "
Abstract This opinion paper addresses the down sides of sports recruitment in high school. Points made include the loss of amateurism, increased pressure on the student at the expense of their academic studies and unhealthy competitiveness amongst same team players. It discusses alternative options for recruiting fresh talents for sports
From the Paper "Once upon a time, high school sports were games. They built characters and bodies, and gave children something to do. While winning the next big game might have meant the difference between wide spread popularity and not having a date for the prom, generally speaking there was nothing more than teenage angst and passion to give the games significance. All that has changed. Recruiters for the major leagues are beginning to turn increasingly to high schools in their search for new star material, and children are going straight from graduation to sports career. This has many terrible side effects."
Abstract It is only recently that women have been permitted to participate in almost any sport, both in an amateur and in a professional capacity. This is largely due to the fact that our society generally views the ideal of female and male, as polar opposites. This view is the main factor influencing this issue, but not the only one.
From the Paper "Sport is shaped by our society, and our society is largely based on an ideal of female and male as polar opposites. This rigid notion of gender has shaped the way sport is practiced in our society. This is one reason why it was only recently that women were allowed to participate in most sports, both on an amateur and a professional level. It is now often thought that women have broken through the barriers and claimed sports as a realm in which they have an equal right to participate. However, the battle is not over."
Abstract This paper provides a review and discussion of the scholarly and peer-reviewed literature concerning steroid use among amateur and professional athletes and the legal implications thereof, followed by an analysis of the salient issues.
Contents:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Effects of Steroids
Incidence of Use
Analysis of Legal Issues and Controversies and Reactions
Conclusion
From the Paper "In 1976, amateur athletes were tested for prohibited substances at the Olympic Games in Montreal and again at the 1983 Pan American Games in Caracas, Venezuela; the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) banned anabolic steroids in 1973 and began random testing of student- athletes for performance-enhancing substances and recreational drugs in 1986. (Allison et al., 2003). Drug testing originally took place only at Division I football bowl games, and at some NCAA championships; however, since 1990, football players in Divisions I-A, I-AA, and II, as well as Division I indoor and outdoor track and field athletes, have been subject to drug testing all year long. Furthermore, Allison and his colleagues report that all NCAA student- athletes are subject to drug testing at NCAA championship events and at post-season bowl games (NCAA, 1998). Not surprisingly, the use of such drugs has attracted attention from those who would seek to gain a competitive edge over their peers as well as those who would attempt to discourage such usage. To better understand the rationale behind such efforts, the general effects of steroids are discussed further below."
Abstract In this article, the writer analyzes sports law as it applies to the N.C.A.A. The paper discusses Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The writer looks at their connection to an increasing number of lawsuits brought by student athletes against not only schools but also the N.C.A.A.
Abstract This paper explains the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which requires all companies to file periodic reports with the SEC, changes the responsibilities of directors and offices, and modifies the reporting and corporate government obligations of SEC-reporting companies. The author points out that the business objective of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is to restore investor confidence in companies and markets. The paper concludes that, in the long run, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act will do little to increase the integrity of certified financial results and may only lead to an upswing in litigation.
From the Paper "The economic fall out of corporate fraud has been devastating (Taylor, 2003). Seven of the twelve largest bankruptcies in U.S. history are now working their way through the courts. A slew of over-hyped Internet companies have gone out of business. On December 2, 2001, Enron filed for what was then the largest bankruptcy in US history at $63 billion. This was followed by bankruptcy filings from Adelphia Communications in June ($24 billion) and by Worldcom ($104 billion) in July, the largest bankruptcy in history. In all these cases, the companies had simply lied about their earnings. And, the stock market has been decimated. The bear market has lasted longer than that of the Great Depression. At its low, the S&P 500 was down forty-nine percent from its high in 2000, and NASDAQ was down seventy-eight percent."
Discusses the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which was designed as a response to the wave of corporate fraud cases that riddled the corporate landscape in America in 2002.
Abstract This paper looks at the Sarbanes-Oxley Act that was enacted in order to rectify the constant corporate scandals, fraud, and failures sweeping across the United States. The paper discusses the purpose of the Act, outlines its contents, explains exceptions to the Act that apply to foreign companies, and includes a timetable chart for its implementation. Issues such as independence and corporate responsibility, independence within the accounting profession, accountability and disclosure, and how the Act affects banking organizations that are non-public are also discussed in this paper.
From the Paper "The Sarbanes-Oxley Act is aimed at private companies by definition, as Section 108 on Accounting Standards implies. However, despite this seemingly straightforward definition, non-public banking companies are finding themselves under the jurisdiction of the Act based on their former standing with regard to SEC and FDIC regulations."
Abstract The paper provides background information on the "Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act " (HIPAA) and discusses the objectives and important elements of the Act. The paper highlights the issues associated with the application of HIPAA by radiologists and discusses the efforts of the radiologists in safeguarding patient privacy. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of radiology and the issue of HIPAA compared to other professions concerned with health care.
From the Paper "With regard to the HIPAA Act, there are three elements that incorporate necessities unique to health care organizations such as "standards for the Privacy of Individually Identifiable Information, Standards for Electronic Signature and Code Sets and Standards for Security and Electronic Signature". ("Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA): Comprehensive self-study guide", n. d.) The Standards with regard to the 'Privacy of Individually Identifiable Information' are dependent upon the necessities to safeguard the privacy of the health information of every patient in oral, written, electronic and any other additional form. The standards for Security and Electronic Signature are dependent upon the necessities to insulate the integrity of and to regulate the reach to health information. They are chalked to safeguard information from change, destruction loss and accidental or deliberate revelation to unauthorized individuals. The Standards for Electronic Signature and Code Sets are dependent upon the necessities for health care parameters to transmit effectively with one another for such basic activities such as payment, claims processing, and establishing coverage with regard to a health plan and finding out a patient's standard of eligibility for services. The Medical Practices and Businesses with regard to HIPAA regulations are also known as 'covered entities'. They incorporate healthcare plans, healthcare providers, and the demands of clearinghouses."
Abstract The sociology of sport is a sub-division of sociology that studies sport as an aspect of cultural and social life. The paper shows that it may at first seem frivolous to study the sociology of sport, because sport in general may not be seen as a suitable topic for academia. However, it is argued that sport is an extremely important part of our cultural and social life, and that there are many good reasons for studying the sociology of sport.
