Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the economic structure of Morocco from 1984 to 2003. It looks at Morocco as a developing country and discusses Gross Domestic Product, GDP performance and export trade performance. The paper includes tables.
From the Paper "Subsequently Morocco occupied and attempted to annex the Western Sahara. The status of the annexation remains unresolved. Morocco as a developing country confronts problems for which most developing countries must find solutions modernizing and opening the economy, privatizing state-owned enterprises, reversing the import-export imbalance and so forth. .."
Abstract This essay is a study of the resources, the major players and forces, and, finally, the people of the Western Sahara region in an effort to understand what has been done to resolve the conflict brought about by the violence and greed of the area's leaders. The paper discusses possible ways to bring about a peace settlement which would allow the people whose lives remain in constant turmoil and conflict to finally make permanent homes and focus on their daily lives of subsistent living. The citizens of the region who are not in the military, not engaged in the conflict, but whose lives are subjected to decisions and actions of the primary forces and power elites, live in terror each day. They are the ones who suffer the losses, and their lives and losses seem to be of little relevance to the forces in conflict and control. An effort is made in this study to understand why the conflict continues, and which groups or individuals are benefitting from the continued unrest and aggression. This paper includes maps.
Outline:
Introduction
The Moroccan Position
The Algerian Position
The Polasario Position
Human Rights and Loss
The Economic Cost of Western Sahara
The Political Cost of Western Sahara
Conclusion
From the Paper "There is a need to understand the positions of the forces at play here. First, it is necessary to gain a sense of the region. What is the landscape, and who occupies what section of that landscape? From where does their claim on the landscape arise from? It is only by analyzing the landscape and the positions of the players that an effort to make sense of what has gone on and continues to go on in Western Sahara can begin to make sense. Even if the sense that it brings to the understanding of the dynamics of the situation belie the true interests of the parties involved. The first is the Moroccan position."
Abstract The paper discusses how, over the past several decades, two neighboring Northern African states, Algeria and Morocco, have taken different paths in their views and treatment of families and genders. The paper examines how, as a result of the specific differences in the treatment of gender, the male and female genders have assumed different roles in each of these countries. In this paper, several books and films are discussed and analyzed in order to better describe the topic of gender roles in Morocco and Algeria.
Outline:
Introduction
Portrayal of the Gender Roles in Books
Common Threads of Gender Roles
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper "There are deeper cultural clashes that are depicted in "Year of the Elephant", which is a collection of stories written and compiled by Leila Abouzeid. The "title story", if you will, shares the history of a woman who has been divorced and left with nothing to her name, essentially leaving her trapped within the confines of her village. She goes through a period of depression and recounts her life story, her involvement in the independence movement, her marriage to a young man who becomes seduced by materialism. Through all of these trials, she takes on the viewpoint that the colonization that held Morocco in a powerless position is not over, that it has simply been replaced by ambitious and greedy Moroccans wielding power over the disenfranchised--the poor and women. By presenting such a complex story, Abouzeid takes on several cultural issues- secular versus sacred, materialistic versus personal, the powerful overtaking the weak, and of course the classic struggle for the genders to attain equality and more specifically for women to achieve equal rights in a society that basically refuses to give them those rights."
Abstract The paper describes how the article "French Memories of Algeria," illustrates how France has not fully come to terms with its history of colonization in North Africa, specifically Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. The paper explains that France's memories of the Algerian war will always remain somewhat conflicted, especially when new confessions of torture come to light about the French army's rule over the area.
The paper contends that in this article, modernization and secularism, along with romanticism, is seen as a defense for at least some of what was done to Algeria, even though the author states he despises the use of torture upon the native population.
Outline:
Description
Interpretation
Evaluation
From the Paper "The article "French memories of Algeria," published in May 2003 in the Contemporary Review illustrates how France has come to terms and not come to terms with its history of colonization in North Africa, specifically Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. Algeria is given special attention, however, given the affection that many Frenchmen who came of age during the 1950s and 1960s feel for that nation. The author Barrett Singer analogizes this sense of nostalgia to America's gradual acceptance of its legacy in Vietnam and the need to honor its Vietnam veterans. Singer states that at first, French people turned against the men who fought in Algiers as torturers. Then, the French people began to engage in some efforts to commend the French soldier's bravery for their homeland, although not the cause of colonialism."
Tags:Morocco, Tunisia, torture, colonization, native, population
An examination of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and how it has been implemented in Morocco to reduce discrimination against women.
Abstract This paper discusses discrimination against women in Morocco. It discusses the attempts to decrease discrimination and focuses on the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) which was implemented by the United Nations in 1979. The paper examines how the CEDAW was implemented in Morocco and analyzes the regulations and the discriminatory specifics within the North African country.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Discrimination against Women and the CEDAW
Discrimination against Women in Morocco CEDAW in Morocco Conclusions
From the Paper "Morocco has implemented the CEDAW and has increased their efforts to reduce discrimination against women and promote gender equality. But the country remains divided between traditionalists and modernists, and the populations' mentality cannot be changed through international regulations. The regulations in the CEDAW were supported by the Morocco King Mohammed IV who implemented a wide series of laws to support women's rights. But the measures only fuelled the everlasting controversy between liberals and conservatives. "An estimated 100,000 people marched in Rabat in support of the government's proposed reforms in March 2000, while a counter-demonstration led by Islamists in Casablanca drew 200,000 to 500,000. As the new monarch began to liberalize Moroccan politics, women's rights became a flashpoint for the growing Islamist opposition.""
Abstract The paper relates that the uprising in nationalism after the First World War led to a wave of decolonization after the Second World War, especially in Asia and Africa. The paper focuses on India's non-violent revolution and Algeria's violent war of independence that are two different cases of this process. The paper specifically examines the nationalist movement in India and its results and then reviews Algeria's historical background and demands for independence. The paper concludes by highlighting the similarities and differences between the Indian and Algerian pursuits of independence.
Outline:
India
Algeria Indian and Algerian Pursuit of Independence
From the Paper "The Congress Party "was an anti-colonial mass democratic party (...) enjoyed significant popular support" (Riley, 2007, 829). The Congress Party became after the First World War the main actor and the most successful in its efforts because its main adversaries, the left, were contained by the British rule, and due to its growing number of members. The party had a great deal of influence and power, not only from the number of supporters and members, but also due to its non-violent ideology. According to Riley, "central to Gandhi's program was non-violence as a tactic [with] a fine balance between restraint and radicalism following a compromise-struggle-compromise strategy" (Riley, 2007, 831), using both official negotiations but also civil disobedience and mass protests. Therefore, a violent confrontation on a large scale with the British administration was more reduced."
Abstract This paper begins with a brief geographical description of Morocco. It then examines the country's water and land resources before moving on to its manufacturing industry. The paper focuses on one specific example of Morocco's primary manufacturing industry nowadays: the plastics manufacturing industry.
From the Paper "Because of the increased addiction on hashish, the government cut back on its resin plant cultivation. However, due to the beneficial effects of resin production in the economic growth of the country, kif plantations were restored, and resins are used to manufacture chemicals such as turpentine, wax, benzoin, myrrh, and frankincense. However, for the plastic industry, synthetic resins are used to produce plastics, which are used to make containers and strong but lightweight materials to be commercially used domestically and internationally."
Abstract This paper begins by stating the women in the twentieth century advanced in many spheres in most countries, especially the western world, but how women in Algeria are still treated as second-class citizens. It provides an overview of the political situation in Algeria and then looks at issues such as domestic abuse, the legal environment for women and women in government. It also discusses assassinations on women for "honor" reasons and the Islamic Salvation Front's (FIS) attitude towards women. The paper also discusses the Algerian woman's response to this type of treatment.
From the Paper "President Liamine Zeroual, a former general, was elected in November 1995 to a five-year term. Zeroual previously had served as president of a transition government established by the army in 1994, which included a National Transition Council as a surrogate parliament. The President controls defense and foreign policy, appoints and dismisses the Prime Minister and cabinet ministers, and may dissolve the legislature. The presidential election was competitive. In a referendum held in November 1996, the government obtained approval of proposed changes to the constitution, including the provision of a second parliamentary chamber and greater presidential authority. In June 1997, Algeria held its first parliamentary elections since January 1992 (when elections were canceled due to unrest) and elected the first multiparty Parliament in Algerian history. The cancellation of the 1992 elections, which the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) was poised to win, suspended the democratization process and a transition to a pluralistic republic, and escalated fighting, which still continues, between the security forces and armed Islamist groups seeking to overthrow the government and impose an Islamic state (Algeria Country Report, 1998, p. 1)."
Abstract The paper studies the situation in Algeria as leadership and stability are being exchanged for radicalism. The writer looks at the writings of Dirk Axtmann about the nature of human identity in order to assess the inclination in Algeria to align itself with extremism. The writer traces the tragic events that have lately unfolded in the troubled country.
From the Paper "At least 60,000 of Algeria's 28.6 million people have died in more than five years of conflict. The killings have been blamed for the most part on the Armed Islamic Group and other militant Islamic organizations, whose targets have included working women, unveiled women, government employees, journalists, academics, Roman Catholic clerics and even Islamic theologians who did not meet these groups' fundamentalist criteria (Algerian military linked to massacre of civilians, 1998, p. A15)."
Abstract A thorough history of the city of Fez, Morocco. The author examines the religions present in the city, and their influences upon each other as well the architectural designs of the city. Includes a timeline of the major events of the city.
From the Paper "The city of Fez is located in north-central Morocco, east of the capital city, Rabat. It is roughly 150 miles south of the Mediterranean and 150 miles inland from the Atlantic coast. Sited in a valley of the Middle Atlas Mountains and fed by the Wadi Fez River, the city has an excellent environment to prosper in. The lack of adverse natural conditions has caused the city to become a cultural, religious and commercial center in Morocco. Its location at the intersection of several important trade routes has kept the city one of the most technologically advanced in Africa. What has kept this city in such high regard by the millions of Muslims who visit it every year and the 570000 people who reside there? (www.i-cias.com) The answer lies in the rich history of Fez. "
Tags: africa, architecture, city, europe, history, islam, jew, madrasa, mosque, muslim
Abstract This paper describes the different aspects of illegal migration from Morocco to Europe. From the paper, the reader gets an idea about illegally crossing the Mediterranean sea. The paper includes a comparison of a specific case with illegal migration in general. The author takes a very personal tone in the paper, writing from the first person.
From the Paper " During the last decade, illegal migration has become an important issue in Morocco. Today, wanting to leave the country in order to look for a better future in Europe is very present in almost every Moroccan family. It has such a big influence in our society that people have given a special name to it, ?lhrig.? This word has a lot of significance and gives a lot of hope for some young Moroccans, who expect to find in Europe wealth and success. The bad economic situation of Morocco is probably one the most important reasons of this inevitable phenomenon. Migrating illegally is a very difficult task, full of dangers; the risks and negative consequences are most of the time underestimated."
Abstract In this paper there is a comparison of the economies of Egypt, Morocco, and Iran. The countries are examined based on imports, exports, GDP growth, GDP per capita, changes in economic conditions, liberalization and privatization, and reliance on oil exports as well as unemployment rates
Tags:morocco, egypt, and iran, comparison contrast, gdp, gross domestic product, literacy, industry, exports, imports, per capita
Abstract This paper discusses the political situation and governmental structure of Algeria, a country that was a French colony before 1962. The country is still struggling to develop a stable form of government and has encountered numerous crises in the past few years. The author discusses some of these difficulties.
From the Paper "Algeria gained independence from France in 1962 after seven years of war and since then has witnessed many conflicts and crisis. It is socialist republic and Islam is the state religion. The country was in a state of transition when in the early half of 1990s; Algeria encountered the first major fundamentalist backlash, which was instigated by Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), now the major political force in the country though the only legal party is National Liberation Front (FLN).'
Abstract This paper explains that language policy is a big problem in developing countries, especially in the Maghreb world, which was under the French rule: Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. The paper defines language planning (LP) as the activity of preparing a normative orthography, grammar and dictionary for the guidance of writers and speakers in a non-homogeneous speech community and relates that language planning includes language policy. The paper then discusses corpus, status and acquisition planning using examples mainly from the French Academy and the Hebrew revival movement.
Table of Contents:
A Theoretical View on Language Planning (LP)
Introduction
Definitions and Elements of LP
The Term "Language Planning"
Two Different Definitions of LP
Elements of Language Planning
Types of Language Planning
Corpus Planning
Status Planning
Acquisition Planning
Examples of Language Planning and Language Planning Policies
The "Academie Francaise" as an Example of Corpus Planning
The Promotion of Hebrew in Palestine as an Example of Status Planning
Examples of Language Planning Policies: Policy A, B, C.....
From the Paper "Richelieu established the AF. In 1624, he became first minister in Louis XIII. Richelieu was so close to artists, writers in particular. In 1629, a group of men interested in language and literature started to meet at a rich man's house just for conversation. Richelieu wanted to transform this club into an official institution serving the country. He formed this group into an official body. He had a political purpose. He wanted them to work on his behalf by supporting his policies, which is the main reason behind his finding of the AF. "
Abstract This paper examines how hospice is a much needed service that has revolutionized the care and treatment of terminally ill patients during the final months of their lives. It also looks at how Egypt and Morocco are faced with rising populations, tight health care budgets, and a need to care for the dying. It discusses how allowing hospice services to set up services in these nations would alleviate many of the current dilemmas being faced in the industry and how the large numbers of volunteers would reduce the cost to treat terminally ill patients. It also looks at how the education about dying would assist families to accept the inevitable and show them how to support the patient during this final transition of life. It shows how hospice is changing the way dying is viewed, and moving the organization into Egypt and Morocco would be an excellent start by providing a pilot program in the countries for other nations to observe and evaluate.
From the Paper "The medical care in Morocco has not progressed as quickly as the population needs it to. The past few years have seen budget problems nationwide when it comes to the needed medical care in the country<Healthcare & Medical Market in Morocco http://www.tradepartners.gov.uk/healthcare/morocco/profile/overview.shtml>. Implementing a Hospice service in Morocco will help alleviate some of that need as the Hospice organization depends heavily on volunteers. The use of volunteers and nurses to handle the care and education of the terminally ill and their family members will go a long way in cutting down the financial strain currently placed on the health field in that country."
