An overview of the economic, sociocultural and political conditions related to entering the agricultural business field including food, fertilizer, barriers, planning and production.
6,075 words (approx. 24.3 pages), 7 sources, 1993, $ 135.95
The People's Republic of China is predominantly an agricultural country in spite of her highly sophisticated civilization which is essentially urban in character. The rural population in China is roughly 80 percent of the total. That percentage of the population dedicated to agriculture is approximately 70 percent (Agricult. in China, 11).
The role of agriculture in China has remained an important central theme because of its need to feed more than one billion people. Even if China were more economically developed and could afford to buy large quantities of food abroad, such purchases could not be of a volume to relieve the Chinese agricultural..."
From the Paper " Faced with a depression unparalleled in the history of the United States, in the winter of 1933 newly-elected President Franklin Delano Roosevelt embarked upon an ambitious yet politically pragmatic series of programs designed to jump-start the American economy from crisis to credibility. This series of programs came to be known as "The New Deal." Central to the advisor-initiated policies of the New Deal was the belief held by Mr. Roosevelt that the key to American economic recovery lay in the agricultural sector. Specifically, the President and his inner circle of economic advisors contended that by increasing agricultural income, combined with limited inflation and modest federal spending for relief and construction, his administration could pull the country out of the deep doldrums it had slipped into during the just ended, anti-federal-activism presidency of.."
A look at the struggle between the city and Owens Valley over water rights. Includes land, planning, agriculture, drought, violence, construction of aqueduct and outcome.
2,250 words (approx. 9 pages), 7 sources, 1994, $ 79.95
From the Paper "The Struggle Between the Owens Valley and Los Angeles over Water
This paper will discuss the conflict between the residents of the Owens Valley and the city of Los Angeles through the end of the 1920s over the appropriation of water in the Owens Valley by the city. The first part of the paper will examine the background of the controversy. The second part of the paper will describe the high point of the struggle in the middle part of the 1920s. The last part of the paper will discuss the outcome and the ramifications of this struggle.
Located on the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada, the Owens River drainage system is long and narrow, extending 120 miles from the Mono divide to Owens Lake. Near the Mono divide, the floor of the valley is about 8000 feet above sea level; there is a drop of 2200 feet from the end of the Long Valley to Owens..."
This paper discusses the post harvest processing of fruits and vegetables: Handling, preservation, shelf life, technology, ripeness, temperature, cleaning and canning.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, 1994, $ 55.95
From the Paper "Tremendous diversity exists among the fruits and vegetables. As a consequence of this variety, many types of food-processing and food-packaging technologies have been developed. Most of these machines tend to be markedly different. Their ultimate purpose, however, is the same: the main objective in postharvest processing the extension of plant product shelf life.
The term "shelf life" can be defined as "the time period that a food item can be expected to maintain a predetermined level of quality under specified storage conditions". This period can be affected by numerous factors. For example, with regard to fruits and vegetables, shelf life may depend on the specific botanical variety, cultivation practices, weather, harvesting techniques, and storage facilities. "
Abstract This paper describes Lithops, a well known and admired succulent plant family called living stones or stone plants, that originated in South Africa and also is grown in the U.S.A., Europe and Japan. The author says that these plants are relatively to grow but great care needs to be taken with soil, temperature, time and amount of watering. The paper describes the wide variety of Cactus. The author states that, as unique as the cactus appears, its growth and flowering is similar to any other plants. he paper also describes the function of bark and the beauty of exfoliating bark trees in landscaping.
Table of Contents
Lithops
Growing Lithops Optica
Native Range
Cacti
Sample Growth Forms
Plant Care
Spines
Flowers
Root System
Metabolism
Growth
Exfoliating Bark
Trees
From the Paper "All modern cacti do have stem stomata, so one of the initial steps in the evolution of cacti must have been mutations that permit the expression of "leaf genes" in an unusual site, the stem epidermis. Producing stomata is a complex process involving the establishment of cell patterns, density of stomata and differentiation of guard cells. The similarity of the patterns in stems of modern cacti with the patterns in leaves of Pereskia may indicate that almost all the leaf epidermis development program is now being used to control morphogenesis of stem epidermis."
Abstract Discusses the development of the citrus fruit as a crop. Origins and early historical function of oranges. Introduction to the New World. Growing popularity in America's citrus belt. Op[timal climate for growing sweet oranges. How growers combat frost. Effect of disease and economics.. Characteristics of oranges as a viable food crop.
From the Paper "This paper is a discussion of oranges, their development as a fruit crop, and the effects of weather, climate, and other environmental forces on their growth. Although oranges are familiar fruits across the world, they are a relatively modern addition to international food choices, providing health benefits as well as culinary diversity. They can be grown widely but only within the "citrus belt," the latitudes that allow for the temperate climates and sufficient rainfall that the trees need to produce healthy, good-sized fruit.
Oranges are believed to have originated in the more tropical regions of China and the Malay Archipelago. Leon D. Batchelor and Walton S. Sinclair write, "Oranges and other citrus species have been cultivated from remote ages, and records of this early distribution from the original habitat to nearby countries are lost ..."
This paper looks at the potentially harmful plant, Datura Stramonium. This plant, otherwise known as Jimson weed, is a very harmful and life-threatening plant to humans and livestock if used inappropriately.
Abstract The writer notes that there are many harmful plants that call our biosphere home. Among all the living things on the planet, plant species are undoubtedly the most important and valuable. Unfortunately, we as humans and the ultimate consumers on the food chain must accept the bad with the good.
From the Paper "The plant, native to Asia, but also found in the West Indies, Canada, and the United States is often located on or near roadsides making it rather easy for young people to find. The Datura stramonium can be lethal when ingested, which presents a problem considering its location. One physician has commented on this issue. "Although exposure is sometimes unintentional by gardeners or farmers, its toxic effects are seen most commonly in teens, who intentionally misuse it for its hallucinogenic and euphoric effects, while presenting with serious illness or death from its anticholinergic properties," (Arnett). The plant has a strong history of that type of damage here in the United States."
Abstract The paper looks specifically at the CAP (Common Agriculture Policy) whose purposes included providing a stable market for food supplies and the stimulation of essential structural change enabling farmers to benefit from economic and social development. The writer discusses the benefits and difficulties with such a plan.
From the Paper "At a summit of the EU heads of government (Amersterdam, June 1997), efforts were made to reform EU decision-making methods of the Maastricht Treaty and give the EU a "more human face". (Encyclopaedia Britannica Online) as it became evident that there was a growing gulf between the EU political elite and their constituents about the pace and direction of European integration. It was also recognized that enlargement of the EU would not be possible without far reaching institutional reform as it would be impossible to otherwise integrate countries in Central and Eastern Europe seeking or expected to seek EU membership."
Abstract Under the microscope, distinctions between coniferous (soft) or non-coniferous (hard) woods can be seen. Soft woods are, as a rule, more simple in construction than hard woods. The writer discovers that this is the reason soft woods are preferable in making paper.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Analysis of Hard and Soft Woods
History of Paper
Modern Paper Production
Recycled Paper
Conclusion
From the Paper "Paper is the dry sheet form of an aqueous deposit of any vegetable fiber. It has been in common use for so long, we often take it for granted. We forget that our trees are being cut down at an alarming rate to produce virgin paper. However, recycling processes are trying to slow this trend. The making of paper has been refined to almost art form; indeed, some people create handmade papers as an art. While it can be made from a variety of vegetable fibers, such as hemp and cotton, trees have long been the main source for the fibers."
Tags: recycling, coniferous, fibers, cotton, trees
Abstract This paper begins by presenting the many benefits technology in the food production process has provided. It looks at how food can now be genetically produced to eliminate unhealthy elements of certain food types and how fruit and vegetables can now be produced which stay fresher longer, etc. The medical and environmental advantages are discussed and then the disadvantages are also mentioned. These include animal cruelty, ecological imbalances and undiscovered health risks.
From the Paper "Every day we awaken is another day closer into the future we envision for our advanced civilization, a future that varies for each individual but includes many of those ideas shared by countless books, movies, and television programs. As science continues to make rapid advances in all areas from astronomy to medicine to technology, that future becomes a greater part of our present. While some pioneers work on flying cars and others concentrate on faster computers, biotechnologists busy themselves with the manipulation of DNA, the makeup of all organisms and the biological basis for both a species' and an individual's characteristics. Recent advances in this technology, known as biotechnology, include cloning and gene therapy, a possible form of treatment for a variety diseases."
Tags: gene, enzyme, dna, ecological, animal, agriculture, health
