Abstract
This paper analyzes and examines the issue of racial profiling in law enforcement. In Part II, the history and arguments surrounding allegations of racial profiling are discussed. Part III examines the common traits of effective racial-profiling legislation. Finally, this paper concludes with recommendations for ending racial profiling and for implementing effective racial-profiling legislation.

From the Paper
"Racial profiling is one of the most controversial issues facing law enforcement today. Whether police officers deliberately stop, question, search, or arrest certain individuals based solely on their race or ethnicity is increasingly being debated by civil rights groups, law enforcement officials, ordinary citizens, and politicians. Scandals involving informants and police officers who planted drugs and other evidence on certain individuals in California, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Philadelphia, Texas, and Washington state have resulted in numerous criminal cases and sentences being dismissed, reduced, or suspended."

Tags:racial, law, police, criminal, justice, system, legal, discrimination

From the Paper
""The Autobiography of Malcolm X" as told to Alex Haley, the author of Roots, is a powerful book because it carries through on the theme of discovering black identity. Malcolm X was one of the primary religious leaders and reformers of the 1960s, but it took him a number of years to shed his old preconceptions of who blacks were in America. As he learned to accept his black identity, Malcolm began his short-lived career as a powerful force in the fight against racism in the United States.

Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska. From the very beginning, even though Malcolm had not discovered his black identity, he had a very clear picture of what it meant to be a black in the United States. "When my mother was pregnant with me, she told me later, a party of hooded ... "

Tags:

Abstract
The paper contends that any solution that hopes to revise the American criminal justice system must address five issues. The paper details these issues: A lack of racial parity in criminal justice, a lack of socio-economic parity, overcrowding in the courts, overcrowding in the prisons and the rehabilitation of the thousands of prisoners when they are released.

From the Paper
"That the criminal justice system in the United States is biased is beyond dispute. Statistics abound that all confirm the same thing; if you are white and wealthy in the US, the odds that you will end up in jail are remarkably slim. Felony convictions send a disproportionately high number of African American and Hispanic men to prison, while their Caucasian counterparts remain free. The reasons behind this phenomenon are many - too many to be listed in this brief overview."

Tags:criminal justice system, crime and punishment, recidivism, racial profiling, selective policing

From the Paper
"The musical elements of rap have had its share of changes with the advances in technology throughout the years. It's history states all the major components that made rap what it is today. The current trend of rap has it's history combined with new ways and enhanced sounds. "Rap has it's own social significance since the mid-1980s that deals with forms of expressions for many young people, both black and white"(0gg 178)."

Tags:80s, music, African, American, hip, hop

Abstract
This paper looks at rap music and its influence on today's youth, especially in the black community. It looks at the history of rap music, the lyrics and examines both its proponents and opponents. The lifestyles of the artists themselves are examined, as is the message they send, and the affect they have on their audience, whether intentional, or not.

From the Paper
"However, life often imitates art. Gangsta rap, a type of rap music made most popular by Tupac Shakur and Biggie Smalls, glorifies violence such as murder, rape, and stealing. These two men in particular are role models to millions of young children who saw both of these icons die by way of gun violence. Despite their deaths, rap music continues to portray gang life and violence as something trendy and "cool". Drug use is also constantly glorified - west coast rappers such as Snoop Dogg and Dr. Dre popularized the marijuana leaf in their lyrics; so much so that t-shirts, hats and bumper stickers with the bright green leaves were sold all over the country. I cannot fathom that the promotion of such illegal activities can bring about any positive results. Whether they desire to be or not, these entertainers are role models to young children and older teens. Their influence upon such impressionable minds is being used to desensitize their lives regarding violence, guns, gangs and drug use while glorifying life without a father, living on welfare and spending time in jail."

Tags:hip, hop, ganster, rap, entertainers, shakur, tupac, youth, black, conservative, liberal, lyrics, ganstar, records, society, african, american, nigger, violence, rape

Abstract
This three-page undergraduate paper is in the form of a response essay to Martin Luther King, Jr's letter from a Birmingham jail. The author analyzes the themes of the letter and examines how King's essay expressed his beliefs.

Abstract
This paper takes a look at a slave uprising as documented in Stephen Oat's book Fires of Jubilee: Nat Turner's Fierce Rebellion. It analyzes the main character of the book, Nat Turner and how his seemingly small scale revolution set the wheels in motion for the eventual abolishment of slavery.

From the paper:

"Stephen Oates, in his book Fires of Jubilee: Nat Turner's Fierce Rebellion, crafts a compelling story. The story of this slave rebellion is indeed so compelling a one that it would be hard to imagine a telling of it that was not fascinating. But in the end Oates, despite his credentials, does a disservice both to Turner and to the larger forces at work in the decades before the Civil War. In order to assess Oates's treatment of Turner, it would be useful to examine what is generally known and agreed to about Turner. He was born on a plantation in Southampton County, Virginia, in 1800 and was from a very early age a popular religious leader among his fellow slaves. In part due no doubt to whatever had motivated him to become interested in preaching and in part because he was so popular with other slaves who came to listen to him talk about God, Turner became convinced that he had been chosen by God to lead his people to freedom."

Tags:freedom, revolution, lynche, martyr, motivation, research, rebellion, facts, North, South, plantation

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the views of Martin Luther King and Malcolm X and their approach to the civil rights struggle. Their means, philosophies and principles are looked at as well.

From the Paper
"The 1950's and 1960's were periods of major disjunction and turmoil between races in the United States, especially in the South. The civil rights battle was one that was fought on many different fronts with many different means and methods. Two of the more prominent leaders of the civil rights struggle were Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Although the leaders had the same end results in mind, their means, philosophies, and principles differed. Their main doctrinal differences fixate on their willingness to employ violence to achieve their end goals. While Dr. King employs a passive resistance or civilly disobedient approach, Malcolm X articulated his view of the "ballot or the bullet". In this paper I intend to compare and contrast Dr. King and Malcolm X's views in regard to the justification of violence in achieving civil rights success to those of John Rawls."

Tags:ballot, bullet, civil, disobedience, southern

From the Paper
"Elliot Liebow's 1967 Tally's Corner: A Study of Negro Streetcorner Men has become one of the sociological classics on the condition of the American Black family, and particularly on the American black man as well as on the effects on the family of welfare in relationship to a social and economic underclass defined by race.
Liebow based this book on 18 months of fieldwork that he performed in 1962-63 when he lived among a group of seemingly socially and culturally unanchored men in a poor, even destitute inner-city neighborhood in Washington D.C. The major effect of the book when it was published in the 1960s was to open the eyes of mainstream (i.e. white) America to the conditions of life for so many black men in post-war American society.
The most striking thing about reading this work is how ..."

Tags:BOOK, REVIEWS

Abstract
The general thesis of this paper is that Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois had similar goals of raising the status of African-Americans during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. Although their goals were similar, their differing methods resulted in wide variety of results. The author includes numerous examples.

From the Paper
"During the decades of Reconstruction following the Civil War, African Americans struggled to be assimilated into the new American society. To do this African Americans required social and economic equality. Two great Negro leaders that emerged for this cause were Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois. With these two strong-headed men, another problem arose. They both sharply disagreed upon the strategies needed to gain these equalities. Washington preferred a gradual, submissive, and economically based plan. On the other hand, Du Bois relied upon a more agitating and politically aggressive plan. Although both men worked towards a similar goal for the common good of African Americans, the philosophies of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois both helped and hindered their cause."

Tags:education, race