Abstract This paper is an analysis of how women compare themselves to the female images that are displayed to them today as role models. The author examines the current backlash against feminism today. The paper pays particular attention to body image and the eating disorders that plague so many women as a result of the skeletal models and actresses they perceive as perfection.
From the Paper "Over the past twenty years women have not been content merely to denounce biases and inequities in the established media. Women have created and used countless alternative and participatory communication channels to support their struggles, defend their rights, promote reflection, diffuse their own forms of representation. This process has made women the primary subjects of struggle and change in communication systems, by developing oppositional and proactive alternatives that influence language, representations and communication technologies."
Abstract The following paper discusses the elements of successful communication, effective advertising, and the factors that cause information to cross the line into propaganda.
From the Paper "Communications strategies are concerned with the planning, implementing and control of persuasive communication with customers or potential customers. The strategies are the plan and the tactics are the action. Advertising is a strategic persuasion consistent with the objectives of the person or entity sponsoring this communication.
Advertising is mass communication that is paid for. It is the most visible element of the marketing mix; it ha the broadest potential reach of all forms of commercial persuasive communication.
Advertising is a form of mass selling, employed when the use of direct, person-to-person selling is impractical, impossible, or simply inefficient. It performs the same general role of all communications as a whole: it informs, creates awareness, attempts to persuade, and reinforces buying behavior of present customers. It can also play a major role in positioning a company or its product(s)."
Abstract A paper which explores how the media contributes to the bad eating habits of the American people. It examines issues such as advertising, projection of the "cool" or perfect image, targeting of children, dental problems and health issues. The paper also discusses ways in which the media can be used to deliver positive and educational messages.
From the Paper "Children are an easy and promising market. According to MediaQuotient research, an American child watches TV for 25 hours a week; some of the children have television set in their bedroom, where they can spend time relaxing in bed watching their favorite cartoon with an ice cream gallon in hand. Families also often have their television on during meals, as 18% of the participants say always, 22% say often, and 26% do it sometimes, showing that much of the time they are exposed to TV shows and commercials."
Abstract This paper is an analysis of Malcolm Gladwell?s,"The Tipping Point- How Little Things Can Make A Big Difference." It reviews the different theories posited in the book about how to market a product, the different factors that need to be considered when bringing a new product to market. Using examples from the book, the paper looks at what triggers were involved in turning around the images of Kentucky Fried Chicken and Hush Puppies. The paper suggests the ability to manipulate the 'tipping point' was key to their successful turnaround.
From the Paper "Yet another thought is that if social trends start slow and then pick up in momentum to become a tidal wave, marketers can well prepare for an anticipated "tipping point" by laying the ground for it in advance. Suppose, for example, socio-cultural forecasts predict an overwhelming increase in teenage boys who think "violence is uncool" and that "true machismo lies in outwitting and outmaneuvering your opponent". As a marketing manager of an entertainment brand such as a TV network, or video games, one could well prepare for such an eventuality by slowly and steadily bringing in at first, niche programming, that offers intelligentsia games and increasing the marketing weight behind such products as the trend favoring such type of entertainment increases. By doing so, it would be possible to be ready for ?the tipping point.'"
Abstract Approximately every day the tobacco industry loses around 7,000 customers in the U.S. alone. This paper examines ways in which the tobacco industry markets its products in order to retrieve some of these lost customers, with emphasis on promoting cigarettes to the younger generation. Issues explored include cartoon characters, free cigarette giveaways, sponsored public events and walking billboards. The paper also discusses the results of these attempts on product marketing.
From the Paper "The most shocking example is the RJR Nabisco's Joe Camel campaign that aimed to hit its young targets. (Ad week's Marketing Week, 1991) Joe Camel has greatly influenced not only the teenagers between the ages of 14- 18 years but even the very young. For instance of the study showed that almost one-third of three-year-olds matched Joe Camel with cigarettes and by the age of six, children were as familiar with him as with the Mickey Mouse (Brand Logo Recognition by Children Aged Three to Six Years, 1991)."
Abstract The paper provides an overview of the topic of sexism and offensive messages in advertisements. It points out that the average American views up to 3000 advertisements a day and therefore the messages that come across have a huge impact on the viewer. The paper uses the example of De Beers diamond ads as an example of sexist advertising and offers suggestions, such as boycotting products, as a means to control offensive messages.
From the Paper "The ways in which women are stripped of their individuality through traditional advertising tropes can be seen in a DeBeers billboard that was recently easily spotted when driving on local freeways. What is so striking about this ad is that it manages to be offensive and sexist without actually portraying any women at all. But by trading on sexist stereotypes that should be long dead (or rather, should never have existed in the first place but most certainly have no business being brought in to play now) it qualifies as a perfect example of how are inundated with messages in the mass media that diminish women in a way that should make us all ashamed."
Abstract This paper examines in-depth the use of sex in advertisements. The author writes that the use of sex in advertising is not a new concept but its strategy and openness are ever changing aspects of the hawking of wares. The paper uses many sources and sample advertisements to demonstrate the use of sex and our individual insecurities to sell products. As society has become more forward with sexual expression so has advertisement.
From the Paper "The world is becoming an increasingly competitive place. While the globalization process moves forward, and teenagers grow up faster than ever before marketing departments are scrambling to discover the secret to targeting the markets for their clients. Marketing departments have a very demanding position in the world of advertising. They must study many aspects of society in order to come up with and present in the best possible light the products they have been charged with selling. It is something that requires a deep understanding of human nature, a grasp on different markets, ages and interests, and the understanding of where the lines are drawn between offensive and alluring. The use of sex in advertising is not a new concept but its strategy and openness are ever changing aspects of the hawking of wares. Many of the changes over the years have to do with a more open societal acceptance of its use and its boundaries. Sex in advertising is not a new concept."
A research proposal to determine the effects on young people including an introduction, literature review, problem statement, method, questionnaire and conclusion.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 9 sources, 1994, $ 47.95
From the Paper "Introduction
This research describes a proposal to identify the effects of sexual innuendoes in advertising in magazines on pre-teens, teenagers, and young adults, and to compare the effects on pre-teens and teenagers with the effects on young adults. This proposal includes a literature review, research problem statement, research method description, and conclusion.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Sexual innuendo is widely used in magazine advertising (Hatfield, 1992, pp. 174-175). An emphasis on sex characterizes a high proportion of contemporary advertising directed specifically at teenagers and pre-teens. The use of explicit sexual stimuli in advertising is not without drawbacks, however, for advertisers. While research found that explicit sexual stimuli does not adversely..."
Abstract This paper discusses the claim that smoking should not be allowed in public places. The problem of second-hand smoking as a result of smoking in public, is raised. The hazards of second-hand smoke are presented in the paper. The issue is addressed from a legislative point of view as well as from the business/company perspective. The paper provides a number of reasons why a company should endeavor to prevent smoking within its boundaries. The media's influence on public awareness of smoking and passive smoking hazards is examined.
From the Paper "Smoking should not be allowed in public places. This is based primarily on the fact that second-hand smoke is a health hazard, but it can also be argued that allowing people to smoke in public only perpetuates the habit and encourages others to take it up, thus adding to the health hazard in the long run. The private sector is already addressing the issue on a case-by-case basis, banning smoking in the workplace in many companies. Those who believe there is a problem may create a smoke-free area for customers or workers, or workers can demand that their place of business be entirely smoke free. Still, the government should take further action to protect the public where companies do not, including in shopping areas, workplaces, theaters, restaurants, and anywhere the public gathers. Allowing smoking on the street in fact encourages smoking, and discouraging smoking should be a primary effort for the public and private sectors to reduce the health costs paid by both."
This research paper explains, examines and evaluates the effectiveness of different advertising methods used by companies via the internet. It includes an introduction, statement of purpose, method, conclusion and analysis.
Abstract The paper begins by providing background on the demand for internet advertising, including facts and figures that illustrate this point. It then goes on to describe and explain three different methods used by advertisers to reach their audiences. Next, the purpose of the paper is outlined. From there a detailed analysis is given of results found through following an outlined plan researching internet advertising. A discussion of the future of such advertising based on the results of the research follows.
From the Paper "The internet is perhaps the single greatest technology to emerge in this century. Its applications are limitless, ranging from entertainment to commerce to research, all instantly available at the click of a mouse or the push of a button. Internet users can do practically anything online that they can do offline, increasing the attractiveness of this communication medium. There are over six million sites on the World Wide Web, with sixty-four million adult regular internet users. These numbers grow by the hundreds daily. Naturally, an enormous economic market has developed on this information superhighway."
Abstract The paper discusses the problem of patients receiving prescription drugs, which they do not actually need because they see the advertising and demand that their doctors give them these drugs. The paper explores the positions of the American Medical Association and the Federal Drug Association. The author concluded that until the drug companies stop hiding the truth and exploiting their drugs, the federal government should do its best to control what the advertisements say and to eliminate loopholes within the law, so that these ads will stop misinforming the public about what the drugs can actually do.
From the Paper "Drug companies that portray their drugs to improve substantially the lives of the afflicted individuals are not quick to stress the dangers and serious side effects that can endanger lives. The new drugs advertised have a twenty percent chance of ending in an FDA drug recall or having additional FDA safety warnings placed on their labels within 25 years. Advertisements account for hundreds of millions of dollars every year that drug companies spend."
Abstract This paper looks at in turn three of the biggest sportswear companies, Fila, Adidas and Nike located in three different countries, Italy, Germany and America. For each company it examines the importance of its location, its primary advertising campaigns and its suitability for the global market.
From the Paper "The Adidas campaign focuses on elite sports stars but also has an emphasis on sport as a fun activity. The pictures of sports stars shown are not ones emphasizing the challenge of sport, but show the sports stars looking happy, including many of the photos showing the sports stars in poses and not in action. The football/soccer section shows David Beckham posing. The Anna Kournikova sections shows the sport stars in action, while also including more model-like head shots. In each of these cases, the emphasis is on the sports star looking good."
Abstract Throughout history, women have been fed the notion that beauty is all that matters in life. Today, in the 21st century, women are the primary targets of the media industry. The paper shows that media manipulation of women's perspectives related to their appearance routinely occurs, as media moguls persist to work hand in hand with the cosmetic industry, feeding society with unattainable ideals, encouraging women to mutilate themselves for psychological reasons, often with lethal consequences usually hidden in fine print.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Thesis
History and Ideals of Beauty
Modern Day Cosmetic Surgery as a "Panacea", the Cure All for Life's
Problems
Beauty and Unattainable Ideals
Beauty as a Business Industry
Media and Manipulation
Wrong Reasons for Undergoing Plastic Surgery
Lethal Consequences
Conclusion
From the Paper "Initially, "cosmetic surgery" was intended and typically reserved as a repair mechanism to assist wounded and deformed soldiers in war. Soldiers returning from WWI with missing limbs and shrapnel torn faces entrusted their appearance to the hands of skilled surgeons of the time. The development of cosmetic surgery received a push for movement from the need to repair gross deformities sustained in WWI to the need to change normal and typical physical appearances. Early surgeons intended cosmetic surgery for surgical repair of congenital or acquired deformities and the restoration of contour to improve the appearance and function of tissue defects (Kazanjian, 250). Today however, cosmetic surgery takes on a whole new meaning, and the players are participating in a totally different ball game. Though many plastic surgeons are still touted and well received for their remarkable abilities to restore dignity to the deformed, cosmetic surgery has also taken on a new meaning. Cosmetic surgery has become a mechanism women have turned to in hopes of changing not just their appearance, but also their life."
Abstract This paper looks at the methods used by consumers as they behave when buying and what aspects they look at, including advertising used by companies.
Abstract Examines its purpose to influence consumers to purchase certain products and services rather than others. Discusses the four main components of classical conditioning and considers classical conditioning as a form of learning and behavioral change.
From the Paper "The use of classical conditioning in advertising has long been used as a means for those who sell products and services to influence consumers to purchase from them instead of competitors."
