Abstract This paper explores the various reasons many celebrities and athletes develop eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia. The writer of this paper contends that although the causes for anorexia and bulimia are the same for celebrities as everyone else, celebrities are more prone to eating disorders due to intense pressure from the media to aspire to "perfection." The public's attitude towards female celebrities is defined by the media, which puts enormous pressure on celebrities to achieve and maintain an unattainable look. This paper examines the eating disorders of several celebrities including Paula Abdul, Karen Carpenter and Calista Flockhart. This paper also contains a brief yet concise overview of anorexia and bulimia, which includes the symptoms, causes and treatments for these disorders.
From the Paper "Denial is a large part of any neurosis. By emphasizing Ally McBeal's attitude towards an obvious weight problem, the network belittles the problem, and in effect says it is cool to extremely skinny all this talk of Anorexia and Bulimia is silly. One of the problems for Paula Abdul was peer pressure and poor role models. Abdul fit the mold for eating disorders. She was a portly young girl who loved ballet and wished to look like her peers. The exact cause of anorexia varies in different patients. There are many factors to take into consideration. "A number of factors, including cultural and family pressures, chemical imbalances, and emotional and personality disorders collaborate to produce both anorexia and bulimia, although each disorder is determined by different combinations of these influences. "
Tags: media, perception, society, pressure, calista, flockhart, paula, abdul
This paper describes how cleanliness and purity are very important in both Muslim and Zoroastrian cleansing rituals and it shows water has considered a vital part of theses cleansing rituals.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, 2001, $ 38.95
Abstract This paper describes how cleanliness and purity are very important in both Muslim and Zoroastrian cleansing rituals and it shows water has considered a vital part of theses cleansing rituals.
From the paper:
"Islam takes cleanliness and purification very seriously. An article by Dr. Abdul karim, Naik states, ?"Cleanliness is half of faith" - This terse statement by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) underlines the importance of purity and purification in the Islamic tradition (Shariah). A state of purity is a precondition for worship (?ubudiyah). Every act of worship is an encounter with God, and the purification ritual is a form of preparation for this event. In fact, the purification ritual in Islam is one of numerous means by which sins and infractions are forgiven.? He also states that purification rituals of the body culminate in spiritual purity as acts of worship, and that both the discipline of the ritual acts and their aesthetic dimensions contribute to the deepening of the purification process at the spiritual level and prepare for the journey that finally leads to closeness to Allah."
A discussion on some of the the achievements of well known Black Americans, such as Oprah Winfrey, Tiger Woods and Bill Cosby and the way in which they have become role models for other black Americans.
Abstract The following paper examines how a number of black Americans lived through tumultuous times and faced brutal racism, however despite the hardships they all went through they are success stories. The writer focuses on their history, how some came out of impoverished backgrounds and others from modest income families. This paper briefly looks at the successes and failures of Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Oprah Winfrey, Tiger Woods , Bill Cosby, Sarah King and Michael Jordan, their inner strength of spirit, and the way in which over the years they have transformed themselves as they worked towards making their dreams a reality.
From the Paper "Of course, there was the memory of Martin Luther King. The flamboyant Jesse Jackson was often on news programs. Oprah Winfrey was the one black person who not only gained entry into millions of living rooms but also was welcomed warmly. For years Black Americans gained recognition for their ability in baseball, basketball, football and tennis. But it was Oprah who changed the viewpoints of millions of Americans who identified with the compassionate woman. She not only became a household name, but a woman whom viewers held in high esteem regardless of their race. Her political agenda transcended party lines. She wanted to make a difference for black people, and to make this world a better place. She is respected for her ethical and moral approach to the issues of today. "Her style reached out and connected with what every woman was thinking because she asked the questions and said the things that they understood." (Mair 78) There weren't a lot of black people on Chicago television in 1985, but Oprah's show A.M. Chicago was a big hit."
Abstract The paper is presented as a report which provides an initial review of the culture and society of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The report provides demographics, background and some general recommendations for corporate policy as the company expands its business into the Middle East. Specific recommendations are provided throughout the report to emphasize key points to be addressed in the corporate guidelines to be published at a future date.
From the Paper "In 1902, Abdul Aziz Al-Sa'ud and a band of his followers captured the city of Riyadh and placed the city under the control of the Al Saud family. Abdul Aziz spent the next 12 years consolidating the area around Riyadh and the eastern part of the country into the family kingdom. In order to restore law and order in the kingdom, Abdul Aziz implemented a system whereby every sheikh was responsible for his own tribe under the authority of the king who was empowered to intervene to impose law and order. Saudi Arabia subsequently became an absolute monarchy with no political parties. King Fahd, who succeeded in 1982, appoints a Council of Ministers to run day-to-day affairs. A consultative council (Majlis as-Shura), numbering about 60, has been established to advise the monarch; it has no formal powers."
From the Paper "This paper will discuss the legal issues in the case, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar v. General Motors Corporation; Leo Burnett Company, Inc. The first part of the paper will briefly recount the facts in the case. The second part will look at the issues under Section 43 of the Lanham Act pertaining to "the use of any symbol or device which is likely to deceive consumers as to the association, sponsorship, or approval of goods or services by another person. The third part of the paper will discuss the issues under California's statutory and common law right of publicity.
The Facts
During the 1993 NCAA men's basketball tournament, General ..."
Abstract The paper examines whether the United States was fore-warned about a possible terrorist attack on its Pan Am flight number 103 which exploded over the town of Lockerbie in Scotland in 1988, killing over 250 passengers and Scotsmen. The paper looks at several theories surrounding the attack as well as America's reaction to the tragedy, including investigations and bringing those responsible to trial.
From the Paper "On December 21, 1988, a Pan Am 747 left London's Heathrow airport bound for New York. The flight was delayed twenty-five minutes which was not unusual during the Christmas rush at one of the world's busiest airports. The passengers, some coming from Frankfurt, Germany on the first leg of flight 103, were starting to prepare for dinner. The plane reached its cruising altitude of 31,000 feet and crossed into the Scottish flying zone. Once in Scotland, Alan Topp at Scotland's Prestwick airport began to monitor the 747's progress. Alan Topp was waiting to be relieved for his break when the radar screen showed the plane in four separate dots all moving away from each other until they disappeared. The plane began falling and the cockpit separated leaving the pilots without a hope of landing their damaged aircraft. The fuel-laden wings hit the ground first in the small town of Lockerbie, Scotland near the English border. The impact, and resulting explosion, killed eleven people in the town of Lockerbie as well as all 259 people aboard the plane. Police immediately began searching for survivors but found no one. Later it was reported that at least two people were alive after impact and one might have lived had he been found. After the attack, America took action by leading the world in the terrorist investigation, changing aviation policies, and bringing the criminals to justice."
From the Paper "This study will examine the life of Turkish leader Abdul Hamid II (1842-1918).
Of the three sources consulted for this study, two are unabashedly critical of Hamid and his despotic rule, and one attempts to maintain objectivity. The latter work, Alma Wittlin's psychological study Abdul Hamid: The Shadow of God, "seeks to portray the last of the . great Oriental despots, a man who figured most prominently in ... one of the great and decisive developments in modern history --- the trend of the East towards Western civilization . . . . " (Wittlin 6)
While Wittlin tries to keep Hamid in the context of history and global political change, S.V. Bedickian (The Red Sultan's Soliloquy) and Sir Edwin Pears (Life of Abdul Hamid) have little but contempt for Hamid. Although Hamid is included in the Basil..."
Abstract This paper examines the failures in King Fahd of Saudii Arabia's reign. It shows that despite the fact that he was born a prince of the House of Saud, he does not have the credentials of a modern, educated, leader with a global understanding and perspective. The paper examines his failure as an Islamic leader as well as the failures in the King's foreign, economic and domestic policies. The paper also looks at Saudii Arabia's future, with the future king, Prince Abdullah, at its helm.
From the Paper "During the reign of King Fahd, the economic position of the Kingdom has become increasingly dismal. The five-year plans that have been promulgated have been a monument to the failure of the country to achieve its major goals of diversification of industry and distribution of goods and wealth throughout the country. Some of the foreign policy initiatives of Fahd -- particularly his movement toward the United States -- have been dictated by his failures to right the course of the economy. Thus, the country has become more and more dependent on direct and indirect economic support from the United States."
Abstract In this paper the author looks at the regime of Abdul Nasser in Egypt and the changes it brought to the Egyptian lifestyle. He starts the paper with an examination of the early years after Nasser came to power, as a result of the monarchy at that time being overthrown. Nasser declared Egypt a republic, was anti-colonial and steadily developed a state form of capitalism that was typically nationalist. The author goes on to detail the changes that Nasser instituted into society which benefited the Egyptian people, like the laws that privileged industry over agriculture. The author mentions the special law that was introduced which spared new companies from paying taxes on profits for a seven year period. The paper also looks at the political changes that Nasser introduced and how he played the Soviet powers against the U.S. powers. In conclusion the author describes Nasser as a pragmatic leader, willing to cooperate tactically with the West so long as this cooperation was based on his own stipulations.
From the Paper "The Ba'th considered that a conservative boycott might very well result in election victories for the better-organized communists, which would have been particularly true in Populist-dominated Aleppo. The communists were about the only ones in Syria who wanted the municipal elections held as planned. Seventy communist candidates had enroll for the vote by 11 October, compared with 75 for the much more numerous Nationalists and 35 for the Ba'th. Nasser and his Ba'thist allies believed that they could help their cause in Aleppo by staging a dramatic
'rescue', with the likelihood of changing the view of most Aleppans toward Egypt and thus providing more votes for Ba'thist candidates. It is not astonishing that the Egyptians and Ba'thists exaggerated the Turkish threat, giving plenty of airtime to the purported Turkish battle cry 'on to Aleppo'. Nasser and the Ba'thists, as well as the conservatives, were clearly worried about communist advances in Syria and the concomitant increase in Soviet influence. The Ba'th had allied itself with the communists to combat imperialism and the old-guard Syrian politicians; when they thrive, with proportionately more power ensue to the communists as Syria's relationship with the Soviet Union tightened during the crisis."
Tags: arab, bourgeoise, politics, capitalist, syria, populist, military, coup, muslim
Abstract This essay looks at the article "The Relationship between Machiavellian-ism and Absence Rate: An Empirical Study", published in the International Journal of Management. The writer notes that this article discusses the relationship between absenteeism rates and the Machiavellian personality orientation, both from a past literature perspective, and in use of study descriptions and results. The writer points out that the author, Abdul Aziz, sought to determine if the Machiavellian personality was positively related to the rate of absenteeism in a general workplace, as well as determine if, instead, this rate of absenteeism was positively related to gender or workplace status. This discussion focuses on Aziz's research project in terms of validity threats, including those of internal, external, and measurement validity threats, control issues, knowledge gained and questions remaining from the study, and the overall effectiveness of the study. Additionally, this discussion pinpoints possible improvements to the research.
From the Paper "In this research study, the main goal was to determine if the Machiavellian personality type was positively correlated to absenteeism. Shavelson (2000) notes that, for historical validity, one should ask if anything could have happened during the course of the study that may have affected the dependent variable which, in this case, is the absenteeism rate of the subjects. Since the absenteeism rates were historical in nature, this threat is not applicable. In terms of maturation threats, Shavelson (2000) notes to question whether or not the study is controlled over a period of time, allowing the development of the outcome. Again, since this study was based on a single survey design, this threat is not applicable."
