Abstract Until recently, national governments of most countries have long been the sole owners and operators of their domestic and international airports. At present, a growing number of countries have been exploring ways to more extensively involve the private sector as a means to provide capital for development and improve the efficiency of all airport operations. This paper outlines the reasons why privatization is taking hold, how it may be financed, who is taking part in this strategy, who benefits from privatization and the time frame for privatization projects.
The paper makes use of tables.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Airport Terminal Operations - Past and Present
Problems
Business Foundation and Mission for Growth Expectations
Focus of Privatization
Marketing Edge
Benefits
Limitations
Where Privatization is Taking Hold
Facilitators of Change
Streamlining the Process of Changeover
Financial Objectives
Paying for the Metamorphosis
Raising Capital
Market Promotion and Acceptance
Target Market - Concessionaires
The Benefactors - Good Business Breeds More Business
Airlines and Other Service Providers
Labor and Workforce Efficiency
Conclusion
From the Paper "The costs involved with basic ATO are relatively fixed. In government operated airports, there is generally no correlation to the potential amount of retail sales revenues, travel volume and pedestrian traffic.
Besides federal grants, other major sources of funding for airport development are passenger facility charges, bonds, and airport revenue. With FAA approval, airports can collect up to three dollars in facility fees from each traveler. In the United States, the FAA administers federal grants that are made available from the Airport and Airway Trust Fund to help support capital development projects that enhance airport capacity, safety, security, and noise mitigation. Most grants are allocated on the basis of a legislated apportionment formula and set-aside categories earmarked for specific types of airports or projects. Also, the FAA also has the discretionary authority to allocate the remaining funds on the basis of needs identified by airports. With FAA approval, airports can charge facility fees from passengers as well.
Financial analysis, retail planning and economic impact studies all help to combine philosophies on what approach to take when finding the money and resources to make the plan a reality."
Discusses how the novel, "The Book of Eve", accurately portrays the institution of marriage during the 1950s to 1970s period and how it relates to modern day women.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, 2002, $ 71.95
Abstract In "The Book of Eve", Eva Caroll discovers a new sense of herself after leaving her husband who, although not cruel, has been an oppressive force in her life. In many respects, Eva's marriage was an accurate portrayal of marriage in the 1950s-1970s period. To a large extent, the institution of marriage still has not really changed. There is, to be sure, more opportunity for women today in the public sphere, which has empowered women to an extent within marriage and within divorce. Indeed, with an increased ability to get an education and earn their own money, women have more leeway in their decision-making. Nonetheless, the institutions of marriage and the nuclear family continue ato force severe constraints on women in general, as does the capitalist system within which they exist.
Abstract In recent decades, mass-marketed tax schemes have been the subject of great attention by the Taxation Office, Federal Parliament, as well as investors, advisors and promoters of such schemes. The papers lists the several reasons for such attention, which include the negative effect such schemes are having on the Australian tax base, the method of financing involved, as well as increasing costs for administering such schemes. Further, in terms of the individual investors in these schemes, unexpected exposure to interest and penalties on any resulting unpaid tax has also been under the spotlight.
From the Paper "Before we begin, it is important to define mass-marketed tax schemes. Unlike some other schemes that can be ascribed as "boutique"/ "one-off" arrangements tailored for high income or high wealth individuals and large corporate entities, mass-marketed tax schemes are more generic arrangements and products marketed widely to taxpayers from different economic backgrounds . Mass-marketed tax schemes include employee benefit trusts, agricultural schemes with round robin and limited recourse funding, and certain film schemes with guaranteed returns that are, in effect, a return of part of the invested funds."
Abstract The paper outlines the benefits of traffic control systems including the automatic train operation (ATO), centralized traffic control (CTC), and track warrant control (TWC). The paper notes several drawbacks to these systems but asserts that their benefits far outweigh their risks.
From the Paper "Automatic train operation is a system that performs operating functions such as starting, running at the prescribed speeds, slowing down, stopping, and passenger-door controls for all locomotives. This control system builds upon information transmitted to the train as part of automatic cab signaling, and is automatically instructed to perform tasks based on this information. Regulations such as the speed limit of a railroad are imposed by curves, grades, and the location of stations. ATO control systems recognize information about the tracks and this allows the train to maintain a certain speed. The control system can automatically slow down a train, and make a complete stop when necessary."
