Abstract This paper compares Mark Twain's novel and the 2002 CBS miniseries version of the story of Joan of Arc. It discusses other versions emphasizing historical inaccuracies and the importance of the subject.
From the Paper "In recent years many film adaptations of the life of Joan of Arc have been attempted and presented. All of these are of course very entertaining but perhaps let a little slide in the way of accuracy. The most recent attempt in this regard was a CBS miniseries that aired in and starred a young actress by the name of Lelee Sobieski as the St. Joan of Arc. In the aspect of character development this film was very convincing-more ..."
Abstract This paper explains that Keller's ARCS motivation model identifies the four characteristics, which are capitalized and form the acronyms for ARCS and are applied in a sequential manner: Attention (arouse and sustain interest), Relevance (connect lives, needs and interests of the student to the content), Confidence (create a positive expectation for student success) and Satisfaction (intrinsic and extrinsic reward for effort). The author points out that Keller breaks the four major ARCS characteristics into three sub-components: Attention into the sub-components of perceptual arousal, inquiry arousal and variability; Relevance into goal orientation, motive matching and familiarity; Confidence into the sub-components of learning requirements, success opportunities and personal responsibility and Satisfaction into intrinsic reinforcement, extrinsic rewards and equity. The paper applies this teaching method in a detailed lesson plan on using geometry to build a tower, to teaching swimming and states that the method can be used in business.
Table of Contents
Introduction
A Review of the Literature and Applications in the Classroom
Characteristics of the ARCS Model
Attention
Relevance
Confidence
Satisfaction
Table 1: Instructional Strategies for Stimulating Motivation as Suggested by the ARCS Model
The Application of ARCS to an Actual Lesson Plan
Attention
Relevance
Confidence
Satisfaction
The Application of ARCS outside the Classroom
Attention
Relevance
Confidence
Satisfaction
Summary
Appendix A: Using Geometry to Build a Tower
From the Paper "In the lesson, confidence is first instilled in the learners by supplying them with a rubric that outlines the expectations for success in the project. The assignment begins with the relatively simple assignment of taking pictures or looking at pictures on the internet and then describing those structures in their notebooks. Next, the lesson encourages success by having the student build two simple geometric figures, a triangle and a square, and then add to the design of each to strengthen the figures. Once the students have built the simple geometric figures, the lesson challenges the students to build a three dimensional figure and then to build a tower. Each step adds new challenges and opportunities for success. The hands-on nature of the activity also provides the learner with a certain degree of control over the learning environment. This also serves to foster confidence in the learner."
Abstract This paper studies the life and story of the 15th century Joan of Arc, one of the most famous Catholic saints. The paper begins with a description of the loving family and humble life Joan was born into. The paper next gives a detailed recounting of how Joan came to be a leader in military battles. The paper next turns to Joan's trial, at which she was condemned to death by burning at the stake. The paper concludes with a brief assessment of Joan of Arc's impact on history, mentioning that her conviction was overturned twenty-five years after her death.
From the Paper "Though she was a mere peasant girl who only lived to be nineteen years old, Joan of Arc remains one of the most famous and beloved Catholic saints. Her story is one that is mysterious and inspirational though it ended tragically with her execution at the hands of English forces. To the astonishment of rulers throughout Europe, Joan led the resurgence of French forces at a time when an English victory was close to inevitable. She led the way for the coronation of Charles VII at thus decisively weakening the claims of the English favored Henry VI. Even though the English executed her the next year, they would never reverse the French military resurgence that she inspired. Though modern historians give her only minor credit for the actual victories, she the resurgence she inspired led to the end of the Hundred Years War with nearly a complete expulsion of the English from French soil in 1453. In this way, Joan of Arc remains an important historical figure."
Abstract The paper provides a review of the relevant literature to determine how Joan of Arc's spiritual and military leadership helped to inspire a demoralized king and nation to rise up against the English. The paper illustrates the profound impact she had inspite of her lack of any other credentials besides her conviction that she was divinely inspired. The paper emphasizes how Joan of Arc truly believed that she heard the voices of angels and saints and she believed it with sufficient conviction that she was able to convince others of her destiny.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper "Few young women in history have attracted as much attention from the historians as Joan of Arc. According to Dumas (1970), "There are few people nowadays who would dispute the spiritual stature of Joan of Arc, one of the most remarkable women who has ever lived, although over five centuries after her death there is still no common agreement as to the exact nature and source of her inspiration." History has shown that some people, though, do not need for anyone to agree as to the source of inspiration when it comes to the mind of God. Indeed, the daily suicide bombings in Afghanistan and Iraq are proof-positive that when some people believe they truly know God's will, they will go to any ends to achieve it."
Abstract The paper describes Joan of Arc's claims of voices and visions which told her to save Orleans from the English. The paper looks at the battles she led against the English and her successes and setbacks. The paper describes her capture by the English and her trial and death. The paper shows how during her short life, Joan of Arc was not considered as someone who deserved to be named in the pages of history, but since her death she is considered a true patriot.
From the Paper "According to Elizabeth Lucie-Smith, in 1428, an illiterate shepherdess of seventeen decided she had been called by God to save her native France by expelling the English invaders who viewed this French rebel as a witch sent by the devil to be their ruination" (34). This "foul fiend of France and hag of all despised" was Joan of Arc, born around 1412 in the village of Domremy on the River Meuse in eastern Champagne. As a young girl, Joan worked as a farmhand and during her time away from this lowly occupation, she spent hours in the local parish church, where she prayed for her salvation. Some scholars support the idea that Joan saw visions in this church and at the age of thirteen heard voices which told her to save Orleans."
Abstract The paper discusses how Joan of Arc has been made a canonized Catholic saint, portrayed by writers as a victim of persecution, been hailed a feminist military leader, and even diagnosed posthumously as a schizophrenic. The paper explains that the authors of "Joan of Arc, Her Story" strive to provide a lay reader with access to the documents that show Joan as she was, allowing history and the reader's imagination to judge her legacy. The paper describes the three sections of which the book is comprised.
From the Paper "The young French girl Joan of Arc only lived to see her 19th birthday. She did not even attain the age of adulthood by the modest standards of her own era. Yet Joan's brief life has spawned many historical and literary interpretations, often reaching far beyond the touchingly simple facts known about her actual existence. Joan has been made a canonized Catholic saint, portrayed by writers as a victim of persecution by one of the earliest known political witch hunts, been hailed a feminist military leader, and even diagnosed posthumously as a schizophrenic. In Joan of Arc, Her Story by Regine Pernoud and co-author Marie-Vbronique Clin, the authors attempt to let Joan speak for herself in the extant historical documents of the period."
Abstract The paper discusses the many factors which led to the execution of Joan of Arc by the British after she succeeded in driving them out of France during the Hundred Year War. The paper shows that many believed that she succeeded by the will of God and the mysticism movement of the time is also examined. The paper also shows that the issues that led to her execution ultimately involved the church, politics, and her popularity as a possible martyr.
From the Paper ""The voice told me that it is God's will to deliver the people of France from the calamity that is upon them" (Trask 25). The voices are those of Saint Catharine and Saint Margaret. They counseled Joan of Arc during the end of Hundred Years War. The Hundred Year War consisted of many smaller battles that drove the English out of France (Lerner 381). It is believed by many that Joan of Arc drove the English out of France by the will of God. The Duke of Burgundy captured Joan and sold her to the English, who took her back to England, where she was tried by the church for witchcraft and heresy. Joan of Arc's death suggested that many issues contributed to her execution."
Abstract This paper examines the life of Joan of Arc. It introduces feminist, class and theological analysis of her life and execution. However, it concludes that recent management theory offers the most appropriate alternative view of Joan as a charismatic leader in a transformational role, discarded when the transformation was accomplished.
Abstract This paper considers the theme of globalization and its affect on local culture within Yamashita's novel "Through the Arc of the Rainforest." The paper includes the plot of the story and studies exploitation and ecological destruction.
From the Paper "Despite the whimsical, almost magical mood of the narrative, Karen Tei Yamashita's "Through the Arc of the Rainforest" is a novel deeply concerned with environmental issues. Indeed while Yamashita's text belongs to the school of magical realism following the lead of Latin American writer Gabriel Garc. "Through the Arc..." offers much in the way of social commentary regarding the environment both on a local and global level."
Abstract This paper explains that the 1999 film starring Mila Jovovich entitled "The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc"is compelling at times. The author points out that the lack of historical knowledge exhibited by the director and writer compromises it in fatal ways. The paper relates that one noteworthy scene is made up and the protagonist Joan is made to perform hysterically throughout when her real temperament was, in all likelihood, substantially different.
From the Paper "Joan of Arc's story is an intriguing one. In recent years, with the rise of feminism and a with new emphasis upon the place of women in the historical fabric of Western European society, a bevy of articles, books and, not least of all, films have emerged trumpeting the heroics of a young fifteenth century French peasant girl named Joan of Arc. This paper looks at her story by discussing the peculiar confluence - or perhaps it is collision - of myth and historical fact as it pertains to the depiction of Joan of Arc on the Hollywood big screen."
Abstract The paper discusses how Joan of Arc, as a child, was known for her religious fervor, as well as her unselfishness, generosity and kindness. The paper describes how Joan led her men in 10 battles and was victorious. The paper relates how Joan was then handed over to the English whose plan was to discredit King Charles' claim to the throne by having Joan condemned by the Church as a witch and a heretic. The paper discusses how she was sentenced to death and was burned at the stake although twenty-five years later, another Church court determined that the original findings of Joan's trial were erroneous.
From the Paper "As Gordon notes, there is simply something about a teenage girl, leading an army against the English and helped crown the French king, only to be turned upon and be executed as a witch and heretic Joan of Arc "warrior maiden, saint, feminist icon and scourge of the English" was born on January 6, 1412, to Jacques and Isabelle d'Arc, in the village of Domremy. The youngest of five children, her birth name was Jeannette; however, upon embarking upon her mission, she became Jeanne, la Pucelle, or Joan, the Maid. Growing up in the agrarian village, Joan's was taught the typical domestic skills, including spinning and sewing, by her mother, as well as religion. She is quoted as stating, "It was my mother alone who taught me the 'Our Father' and 'Hail Mary' and the 'Creed', and from none other was I taught my faith" ."
From the Paper "The following research is on the subject of Joan of Arc.
The story of Joan of Arc has proven an inspiration to historians
and artists for centuries. No contemporary portrait of Jeanne d'Arc is known to exist, for instance, and yet there are hundreds
of fanciful posthumous representations of her in stone, in bronze,
in plaster, in stained glass, in fresco, on canvas, and on wood . Joan appeared at an important juncture in history and played an essential role. During the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, England and France were at each other's throats in a conflict known as the Hundred Years' War. The immediate cause was a dynastic quarrel over who should rule France. Edward III had claimed the right to the French crown, and he had thus started the war that would reduce France to a belligerent ... "
Abstract Sources of light have different characteristics and properties. In this paper, we will study the metal filament lamp and the arc lamp in order to determine some of these differences.
