Abstract This paper discusses the achievements of the American Medical Association (AMA). It begins by describing the mission statement of the AMA and its goals and then discusses how it goes about achieving those goals. Next, the paper discusses some of the highlights and landmarks in the earlier development of the AMA. It looks at the AMA in a contemporary setting and finally discusses marketing with regards to the AMA.
From the Paper "Marketing is also facilitated by the involvement of members and the medical community and in this regard the marketing strategy involves the distribution of flyers, posters and brochures as well as "Why join the AMA" talking points cards. (Marketing the AMA) This is also facilitated by the free print-on-demand services that the Website offers. Marketing to the public is also promo toted by extensive media exposure. This refers to the public health proposals, recommendations and resolutions that are made by the American Medical Association. For example, the AMA stand against smoking has achieved a high media profile, which I turn has promoted the Association's ideals and aims."
Abstract This paper explains that, within Chapter 10 of Ama Ata Aidoo's "Changes, A Love Story", Aidoo's focuses on polygamy as a literary theme relates to the impending second marriage of handsome and charismatic Ali, whose Muslim faith allows polygamy and Esi, a recently divorced Christian woman who has left her unhappy marriage to her first husband, Oko, and is asked, within this chapter, to become Ali's second and current wife. The author points out that Aidoo implies the hurtfulness and, in this case, the deceitfulness of African polygamy as a practice not only for the second wife but also for the first. The paper relates that Chapter 20 stresses, implicitly yet very powerfully, the way Esi is hurt and neglected within her polygamous marriage; there is not enough of the man's attention to share equally, even if the wives lack for nothing materially.
From the Paper "As a consolation gesture for his ongoing neglect, Ali surprised his nearly forgotten second wife with a flashy new, very expensive maroon sports car. The car, as Esi sees immediately, is both a consolation prize for his continued absences, and a bribe so that Esi will continue to tolerate them. This latest gift tells Esi that this, like all Ali's presents, have been used to pacify her, substituting his physical presence and the attention and emotional support she never receives from him. Ali's strategy for keeping two wives happy at once has been to shower Esi with gifts, since he has not being able to be in two places, with two wives, at once, clearly a serious drawback of modern-day African polygamy."
Tags: muslim, second, christian, attention, material
Abstract The paper first examines Virginia Woolf's essay "A Room of One's Own", which looks at the imbalance of power and rights between women and men. The paper also examines Ama Ata Aidoo's story "There Is No Sweetness Here", which focuses on the repression of the African woman and the tension between Western and African cultural views. The paper discusses how these two stories personify the struggle for women's rights.
From the Paper "A series of lectures that was presented by Virginia Woolf not only had a remarkable story line but also a deeper meaning. Woolf was at the time considered a "'high modernist' and "was an advocate for both democratic inclusiveness and intellectual education." In bridging these two spheres, she forged a positive answer to one of her culture's most pressing concerns (Cuddy-Keane 1). This concern was the rights or lack thereof for women. Woolf achieved this distinction in her 1928 lectures to the Newnham and Girton Colleges on the topics of fiction and women. One of the most notable lectures that came from this time was the extended essay, "A Room of One's Own". This essay is sarcastically written about the imbalance of power and rights between women and men. During her delivery to colleges, Woolf was making a much bigger statement than the surface of this essay and others very similar alluded to. Woolf makes use of symbolism and suggestive roles in order to express her opinion on feminism."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that the American Medical Association (AMA) first arose as a loose association of medical professionals and scientists in 1847. The writer points out that the group was intended to increase the standards of medical and biological education in North America, but was considered both impractical and utopian by many. The writer then looks at the mission of the organization today and discusses the political action committee's activities. The writer maintains that from Medicare to animal testing to malpractice insure, the AMA and the American Medical Association political action committee, which are, for all intents and purposes, one in the same, have served their beneficiaries as well as possible, through lobbying and outward pressure. The writer concludes that their methods may have brimmed over the line of constitutionality at points, but that should not mar the AMA's record because, as a political action committee, it has done all in its power to legally and persuasively enact legislature to assist America's doctors.
From the Paper "Current president of the AMA, Ronald M. Davis, gave a speech in 2005, which highlighted the organization's illustrious history more than any political or economic agendas. At Smith Davis's initial meeting, over two hundred and fifty delegates from twenty-eight states voted to elect Nathanial Chapman the organization's first president. His first actions included those that would be deemed necessary by burgeoning doctors; the condemnation of secretive and patent medicine, which robbed business, and the establishment of a code of medical ethics and the world's first Committee on Medical Ethics to enforce the doctrines. By the end of the nineteenth century, the groundwork had been laid for the organization's present political sphere of influence."
Abstract This paper discusses the health care crisis in the United States. The paper notes that health care costs have been rising beyond the rate of inflation for quite some time, and many Americans are starting to realize the severity of the issue. The paper examines the causes of the problem and discusses solutions that will help to minimize it. To analyze the situation, the paper looks at economic literature and then applies this economic framework to the current policies that affect the health care market. The paper continues by using the same framework and analyzes alternative policies and institutions and recommends a set of policies to best address the issue. The paper is illustrated with graphs and tables.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Class Probability
Insurable and Uninsurable Risks
Sub-Classification of Risks
Moral Hazard of Insurance
Analysis of Current Policies and Institutions
The AMA Moral Hazard of Health Insurance and the Problem of Sub-classification
Incentives to Use Health Insurance
Public Health Insurance
Analysis of Alternative Policies and Institutions
Limiting the Market Power of the AMA High Deductible Health Insurance
Health Savings Accounts
Conclusion
From the Paper "The purpose of insurance is to pool a particular risk among a group of individuals so as to reduce the amount of risk facing any one individual. Risk can be defined as the uncertainty about a particular negative outcome occurring in the future. If the perceived risk is financial in nature, then an individual may choose to pay a fraction of the cost into an insurance pool, thereby eliminating the possibility of incurring the cost in its totality."
Tags: income-elastic, economic, framework, a, risk, based, insurance, pool
Abstract The following paper examines the controversy over whether midwifery and home birth is safe as opposed to the practices of obstetricians who by definition are licensed by the AMA to practice obstetrics in a formal hospital setting. The author concludes that statistically, the number would at first seem to reflect that midwife assisted birth is safer, however, it is of the opinion of this writer that this may be due to their reluctance to accept high-risk patients. Direct entry midwives see birth as a natural process and obstetricians see it as a medical condition. This paper claims that both sides of the issue have equally valid arguments and these arguments are situational, depending on the particular case.
From the Paper ?The main technical differences between obstetricians and nurse midwifes is that obstetricians learn to [use forceps and perform cesarean births, abortions and hysterectomies Lee, 1997).] Nurse midwives are not allowed to perform these functions. Certified nurse-midwives are trained, in both nursing and midwifery. They perform [pap smears, prescribe birth control pills, and provide other routine gynecological care. They see a woman throughout her pregnancy, order the required lab tests, and deliver the baby in a hospital or birthing center (Hendricks, 1994).] Direct Entry Midwives cannot prescribe medicine or perform their services in a hospital setting. If a delivery being assisted by a nurse-midwife suddenly becomes risky, they would turn to an obstetrician to perform the needed services.?
Abstract The author of this paper reviews the various definitions,approaches, legislation issues and the position of the American Medical Association and the ?Death with Dignity Act" about the need to establish the right to physician-assisted suicide. Arguments against physician-assisted suicide are logically refuted.
From the Paper "When we are young, most of us do not think about making a conscious decision to die. We look forward to years of long and healthy life, and if death ever seems appealing, it is as an antidote to depression. It does not often, if ever, occur to us that there will be a time when we look forward to the "good death" promised by euthanasia."
History & evolution, focusing on system's shortcomings. Private vs. public health insurance, need for reform, costs, managed care, AMA, Medicare, universal coverage, more.
5,175 words (approx. 20.7 pages), 20 sources, 1996, $ 135.95
From the Paper "The United States is the only industrialized nation, other than South Africa, that has no national health insurance program. Throughout this century attempts have been made to initiate such programs but all these efforts have been defeated by a combination of political attitudes and economic interests that favor private approaches to health care. The result has been that the American health care system is dominated by private insurance companies, a fee-for-services basis for medical care, and a largely private system of health care institutions. Health insurance has largely come to be the responsibility of employers and individuals rather than of any public authority. Despite some governmental involvement in hospital construction, medical research, public health, and targeted programs such as Medicaid..."
Abstract This paper analyzes the article "Active and Passive Euthanasia," by James Rachels. It distinguishes between active and passive euthanasia and explains Rachels? arguments that active euthanasia is morally permissible. In addition, it discusses the extent to which his arguments illustrate Kantian and utilitarian considerations.
From the Paper "Rachels is an advocate of physician-assisted suicide, or euthanasia, and he wants to convince the American Medical Association (AMA) to change their definition of euthanasia, allowing doctors to allow terminally ill patients with no hope of recovery to be euthanized. His arguments for euthanasia are effective and compelling, and though directed at physicians, they are of interest to anyone thinking about euthanasia for themselves or a loved one. Rachels discusses the differences between "killing and letting die" (Rachels 561), and discusses specific cases where allowing the patient to simply die without further treatment could actually prolong their life and their suffering. "Part of my point is that the process of the 'allowed to die' can be relatively slow and painful, whereas being given a lethal injection is relatively quick and painless" (Rachels 562). In fact, his arguments seem so logical; it is difficult to understand why euthanasia is not already used in terminal and the worst cases."
Abstract The paper discusses the problem of patients receiving prescription drugs, which they do not actually need because they see the advertising and demand that their doctors give them these drugs. The paper explores the positions of the American Medical Association and the Federal Drug Association. The author concluded that until the drug companies stop hiding the truth and exploiting their drugs, the federal government should do its best to control what the advertisements say and to eliminate loopholes within the law, so that these ads will stop misinforming the public about what the drugs can actually do.
From the Paper "Drug companies that portray their drugs to improve substantially the lives of the afflicted individuals are not quick to stress the dangers and serious side effects that can endanger lives. The new drugs advertised have a twenty percent chance of ending in an FDA drug recall or having additional FDA safety warnings placed on their labels within 25 years. Advertisements account for hundreds of millions of dollars every year that drug companies spend."
Abstract President Bush came into the White House with a history as a ?tort reformer.? True to his record, the President backed a "tort reform" bill that was passed by the House of Representatives but floundered in a Democratic controlled Senate. The President has recently renewed his call for the legislature to approve a tort reform bill that relates mainly to medical malpractice. It remains to be seen whether President Bush is successful in getting his proposals approved this time around as debate still rages among the supporters and opponents of the reform bill. This paper looks at the pros and cons of the issue. The paper includes a summary of the proposed public policy on tort reform, an examination of the impact of the policy (who shall be affected?), as well as the lobbying efforts in favor of and against the tort reforms.
From the Paper "As for the lowering of health costs and insurance premiums, it is a contentious issue with both the opponents and supporters of the tort reforms holding widely divergent views. While the government contends that such reforms would reduce Federal government costs by at least $28 billion per year and cut health care costs for all Americans by $60 billion or more, the opponents argue that since medical malpractice premiums comprise only 0.59 % of national health care costs such tort reforms would have a very limited effect on health care costs. They also argue that "insurance reforms" rather than "tort reforms" are needed for lowering insurance premiums and quote the example of California where after implementation of medical malpractice reform, malpractice premiums increased 190 %. (?Tort Reform is not a Solution..?)"
Abstract This paper presents a brief overview of the AMA Code of Ethics, which was written to prevent ill-willed marketing in business. The paper then explains how easy it is for an Internet company to get away with misleading customers by false and wrong marketing campaigns, including a number of real-life examples.
From the Paper "One example of a violation of the AMA Code of Ethics ? section, Rights and Duties of Parties in the Marketing Exchange Process ("Communications about offered products and services are not deceptive") ? is found in the unsolicited yet tempting email (e.g., spam) titled ?Here's your 2 FREE air tickets, 2 FREE Hotel Nights + $100.? Once the email is opened, the message urges the reader to ?Claim your 2 FREE Round-Trip Air Tickets and 2 FREE Hotel Nights!? The URL inside the email exhorts the recipient to ?Hurry! Offer Ends Soon!"
Abstract This paper examines how the themes in "Power" by Linda Hogan are centered around nature and the unity of nature and human beings and how these are also themes that are touched upon in "Sacred Hoop" by Paula Gunn Allen. It analyzes how, for the Native American, all creatures are united in a "sacred hoop", all events are cyclic ,and how the symbolism used by Hogan focuses on images from nature. It looks at how most prominent among these are the panther, the snake, the tree called Methuselah, and the storm.
From the Paper "Both the healthy and the sick panther are connected with Omishto's Taiga tribe of the "Panther Clan". Omishto and Ama are representative of a people who is dying, like the panther. She attempts to explain this in an essay for a class assignment, but gives up, knowing they will not understand. This shows that she is experiencing the unfamiliar sensation of being disconnected from other living beings. She cannot identify with the white people, their religion or their traditions. She is unable to adapt to the invasion, and experiences a kind of sickness imposed upon her and her people."
Abstract This paper is written as a presentation to a board meeting of the American Medical Association (AMA), which includes a variety of professionals, such as physicians, researchers, business people, governmental representatives, and special interest groups. The aim of the paper is to persuade the interested parties that obesity should be considered an official disease in order to facilitate support for those seeking treatment.
Contents
Introduction, Background and Definition
Persuade the Scientists
Persuade the Advocacy Groups
Persuade the Federal Agencies
Persuade the Insurance Companies
Persuade the Drug Makers
Visual: Charts
Recommendations and Conclusions
From the Paper "By officially declaring obesity a disease, avenues open for special interests groups to promote their ideas concerning our lifestyle, culture, and way of life in America. According to an article from American Family Physician, "the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity reflects changes in society and behaviors over the past 20 to 30 years" (Lyznicki, Young, Riggs, & Davis, 2001). This clear transition in American culture is a warning sign to all concerned to combat the spread of obesity by ignorance and avoidance. According to Bonnie Liebman, a Nutrition Action representative, ?300,000 [people] die from diet-related diseases and a sedentary lifestyle? each year. (Brownell, Liebman, 1998) This is a self-induced condition which advocacy groups such as Nutrition Action have set itself out to combat. People need to put down the fast-food that is clearly unhealthy and embrace a lifestyle filled with fruits and vegetables and other natural products."
Abstract This paper examines how health care reimbursement remains a complex and complicated issue and how, with so many health care plans available, and various clauses governing each, it is a mammoth task for medical coders and the American Medical Association (AMA) to keep abreast of continuing changes. It looks at how mastering medical coding and the health care reimbursement process requires a comprehensive understanding of all that is involved in claims submission, claims processing, compliance, coding, etc., and how physicians, patients, and medical coding professionals need to understand insurance basics, types of insurance coverage, how the different plans work, the coding system itself, processing claims, reviews, and appeals.
From the Paper "Coding primarily intended to report the service provided by a physician or hospital and identify the billing and payments mechanisms associated with that service according to various insurance plans, often third party payers. Professional medical coders are billing experts who assign the appropriate procedural code for insurance claims processing. Of course, medical coding is affected by numerous factors including regulatory issues, Medicare audits and basic insurance procedures. Their role is to insure that appropriate coding procedures are met and correct reimbursements identified."
