Abstract ADHD, or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, is a common childhood problem affecting as much as 3-5% of the school-age population. The paper shows that the core symptoms of ADHD are inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Children with ADHD exhibit functional impairment across multiple settings and engage in disruptive behaviors, thus inviting criticism from adults and peer rejection. The paper examines how psycho stimulant medication has been shown to be reasonably successful, but may produce significant side effects in a school-age child. A multi-component model of intervention consisting of pharmacological treatment in consonance with contingency management and cognitive behavior modification techniques seems to be the answer for this very baffling problem. The paper shows that for practitioners to have confidence in the expected outcomes, specific procedures to implement behavioral management in school classrooms must be scientifically replicated.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
What is ADHD?
Impact of ADHD
Diagnostic Standards
Related Disorders and Comorbidity
Review of Literature
Multi-Component Intervention
Comorbidity
Pharmacological Intervention
Methodology
Findings and Results
Conclusions and Summary
From the Paper "The authors also suggest that practitioners should tailor the intervention to match the needs of the child. For example, while psychostimulant medication has been shown to be successful, it may produce significant side effects in a preschool-age child. School practitioners therefore should take an active role in monitoring the effects of medication. Also, systems should be in place, whereby immediate and consistent feedback is given, supplemented by age-appropriate rewards and procedures. Parents must be enabled to provide support and guidance to affected children, and need appropriate training. A well designed program incorporating the efforts of all concerned, could result in a potentially successful treatment approach. "
Abstract The music industry spends enormous amounts of money to create music videos that will make a profit, and the one ingredient they have consistently found that helps sell their products is violence; this violence is usually directed toward women. The AAP notes that there is a paucity of research concerning the impact of such gratuitous violence on children and adolescents. To this end, this paper demonstrates this relationship through a critical review of the literature, followed by a summary of the research and recommendations in the conclusion.
From the Paper "The definitions concerning what constitutes entertainment and what is protected by the 1st Amendment do not necessarily address the underlying problems of violence in the media and sometimes only serve to merely contribute to the statistical haze that surrounds an already complex situation. The recent appearance of national leaders on MTV attests to the importance and power of music videos in shaping the nation's conscience. Further, while many non-black observers feel that rap music is just ?so much noise generated by angry black youths,? rap music or simply ?rap,? is in actuality a reflection of the current affairs within the communities in which it is performed. Rap is a "genre of rhythm-and-blues music that consists of rhythmic vocals declaimed over musical accompaniment. The accompaniment generally consists of electronic drum beats combined with samples (digitally isolated sound bites) from other musical recordings" (Bowman, 2003). From this perspective, rap is an extension of the Black Power movement of the 1960s, and has embodied the essence of the young black culture. The first rap recording was made in 1979 and the genre rose to prominence in the United States in the mid-1980s. Although the term rap is often used interchangeably with hip-hop, the latter term encompasses the subculture that rap music is simply one part of. The term hip-hop derives from one of the earliest phrases used in rap, and can be found on the seminal recording "Rapper's Delight" (1979) by Sugarhill Gang. In addition to rap music, the hip-hop subculture also comprises other forms of expression, including dance methodologies, art, vocabulary (in the form of slang) and fashion affectations. Despite these contributions to the popular culture, many observers suggest a connection between the music and personification of violence evinced in music videos and rap as a factor contributing to the incidence of violence by young people in the United State today."
Abstract The subject of same-sex marriages and same-sex adoption are very hot topics these days. The author of this paper argues that same-sex couples are just as qualified to be parents as are heterosexual couples when it comes to adopting children. The author argues that same-sex couples are looked upon as being different from the norm of society and they are being unjustly judged by their sexuality and not their ability to love and care for a child. Does sexuality determine if we are good enough to care for a child? The paper shows that same-sex couples have the ability to raise a child and to educate them as well as anybody else. If they have good jobs and are able to provide an excellent life for a child then why would they be considered unfit to be able to adopt children? This idea has been supported by some state legislatures as well as the American Academy of Pediatrics. The paper concludes that same sex-couples have just as much right to adopt children as anybody else.
Paper Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Review of Literature
Implications of the Findings
Recommendations
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper "It is widely felt that children who have two parents in the family, whatever their age, sex or relationship, do better than a child who has just one parent (4). The AAP's policy statement is consistent with positions on same-sex issues already adopted by APA and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP). Both organizations believe that there is no evidence to suggest that gay or lesbian parents are any better or worse when it comes to parenting skills. There is also not data that supports the conservatives' issue that children who are raised by homosexual parents are more unstable emotionally, or have more developmental problems than children raised in traditional heterosexual families."
Abstract This paper explains that, established in 1885, the Association for the Advancement of Physical Education (AAPE), which was comprised mainly of medical doctors, is now referred to as the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. The author points out that the profession has undergone many changes, attaining identification as a 'scientific' sub-specialty such as "exercise physiology". The paper includes topics about equal opportunities ,under the implementation of Title IX, and the benefits of physical education such as increased self-esteem, sense of accomplishment and moral reasoning.
From the Paper "During the 1960s, an era when change characterized all aspects of society, traditional curriculum requirements in all areas of were challenged, including basic physical education requirements. Graduate education was critically examined, and James Bryant Conant's 1959 report on the American high school characterized graduate programs in the physical education as an "example of the worst, among many that were less than adequate." Urged by Conant and Franklin Henry for an academic discipline of physical education, physical education began to move toward improving the study of the discipline."
Abstract The paper discusses an article about how the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) wishes to ban or limit advertisements in schools for "junk food" and about how the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is exploring how the media affects childhood obesity. The paper then looks at two articles that attempt to scientifically say that the "junk food" consumption of children is derived from how influenced children are by advertising. These studies also show how children are able to influence their parents to purchase food that they have seen advertised, known as 'pester power'. The paper concludes that there is an undeniable link between the advertising to which children are exposed and their eating habits.
Outline:
"Pediatricians Call for Less Advertising to Children"
"FTC Not Sweet on Junk-Food Ads Targeting Children"
"Children's Recall of Television Ad Elements"
"International Food Advertising, Pester Power and its Effects"
Conclusion
From the Paper "USA Today's article "Pediatricians call for less advertising to children" from last December reports that the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) wishes to lobby to ban or limit advertisements in schools for "junk food". Furthermore, the organization wants Congress to enact laws that would stop commercials for "junk food" during shows watched mostly by small children."
"The AAP is concerned about the increase in childhood obesity and its members believe that much of this is due to the prolific quantity of advertisements that target kids through their exposure to the internet, cell phones, video games, and schools. The article points to an alarming increase in advertising targeted at kids."
Tags: obesity, junk, food, television, commercials, media
