Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses how liberal internationalism, as a theory of international relations, can be used to understand the motivations and decisions behind the current war in Iraq. It is the writer's contention that liberal internationalism will provide a useful theoretical framework for understanding the choices that were made and the rationalizations given.

From the Paper
"The 2003 invasion of Iraq by the United States--and a few reluctant allies--is the contemporary triumph of the new internationalism, an aggressive offshoot of liberal internationalism. In some sense, the international policy decisions that presaged the war in Iraq are simply part of the historical progression of liberal internationalism. The purpose of this study is to understand ..."

Tags:war, liberalism

Abstract
This paper explains that the fundamental basis for liberal internationalism is the coupling of a commitment to freedom and to a free market economy with the desire to spread the country's sphere of influence. The author points out that aggressive liberal internationalism has been characterized by the willingness of a few powerful nations, such as the United States and Great Britain, to use military and political force to promote these liberal ideals and paradoxically promote peace and security. The paper argues that, although some people argue that not enough time has passed for the roots of liberalism to take hold in Iraq and help stabilize the region, this policy has failed in Iraq. The author concludes that it is impossible to impose liberal policies and institutions on societies and cultures that have no tradition of liberalism.

From the Paper
"Critics have argued that the nearly unilateral invasion of Iraq by the United States represents the nation's departure from the liberal tradition in international relations. But this is not the case. Liberal internationalism is simply a theoretical approach to international relations that works to spread the influence of the liberal tradition, and even, in extreme cases, to punish those nations who do not abide by that tradition. While, in a practical sense, it makes little sense for there to be a liberal international order of only one nation..."

Tags:freedom, market, military, tradition, erroneous

Abstract
This paper studies significant events in American History from the Reconstruction Era {1865-1895} to the Progressive Era {1895-1920}. The author also examines major historical developments from the Era of Prosperity and World War 1{1920-1945} to Post War Era {1945-2002}. The paper touches on the issues of slavery and women's rights and the ways in which these topics have fit into the events of American history.

From the Paper
"At the end of the civil war, the South was still a devastitated region, now was the time to start healing the wounds of war, which has divided the nation. The victorous federal commanders supported harsh penalties against Southern white leaders; the nation now tolerated new and humiliating kinds of discrimination against blacks. The last quarter of the 19th century saw an introduction of "Jim Crow" laws in Southern states. "The Jim Crow laws were a response to a new reality that required white supremacy to move to where it would have a rigid legal and institutional basis to retain control over the black population. What had shifted was not their commitment to white supremacy but the things necessary to preserve it" . Such system segregated public schools, forbade or limited black access to many public facilities, such as parks, restaurants and hotels, and denied most blacks the right to vote by imposing poll taxes and literacy tests. The Supreme Court ruling in 1896 in Plessy v. Ferguson that separate facilities for whites and blacks were constitutional encouraged the passage of discriminatory laws that wiped out the gains made by blacks during Reconstruction."

Tags:slavery, suffrage, feminism, war, tax

Abstract
A discussion of the various actors who stand to benefit from the successful removal of Saddam Hussein's government during the 2003 war in Iraq, including the people of Iraq, the citizens of democratic Western governments, the world economy and businesses who will participate in the rebuilding of Iraq. Paper assumes that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction.

From the Paper
The Benefits of the War with Iraq The successful removal of Saddam Hussein and his repressive BaathParty government from power in Iraq will benefit the freedom and prosperityof the Iraqi people as well as the people of the Middle East The citizensof the U

Tags:War, Iraq, Benefits, Advantages

Abstract
This paper examines the role played by then-President George W. Bush at the start of the Iraq War. The paper explains that as part of his analysis of presidential leadership and his development of the theory of political time, Stephen Skowronek makes the statement, "Little ward of dubious provocation figure prominently in the work of the great orthodox-innovators" (Skowronek 342). An analysis of the elements in this statement and of the idea of "orthodox-innovation," considering how this applies to the current war in Iraq and to the actions of George W. Bush in taking the U.S. into that war.

From the Paper
"As part of his analysis of presidential leadership and his development of the theory of political time, Stephen Skowronek makes the statement, "Little ward of dubious provocation figure prominently in the work of the great orthodox-innovators" (Skowronek 342). An analysis of the elements in this statement and of the idea of "orthodox-innovation," considering how this applies to the current war in Iraq and to the actions of George W. Bush in taking the U.S. into that war. This issue has been much argued since the start of that war and will continue to be discussed far into the future, not simply until the war ends but long after as historians and ..."

Tags:Skowronek, Middle, East, politics

Abstract
This paper explains that it is difficult to determine whether the Iraq War has been beneficial or detrimental to the U.S. economy in particular and the global economy overall. The author points out that the bias of the periodicals covering this topic tends to reduce the ability to effectively explore these issues, for the debate tends to be charged in favor of the bias held by the periodical. This paper demonstrates this bias in exploring the economic outcome of the Iraq War as presented in conservative and liberal publications.

From the Paper
"The characterization of whether the Iraq War is a moral or an immoral war tends to correspond to whether the publication reporting on it reflects party-line values. The Iraq War has been roundly criticized for its role in the dissolution of security within Iraq, and the increasing lack of security within the Middle East and within countries with corresponding Muslim and Arabic beliefs. In attempting to rebuild Iraq following the official close of the war, and also in attempting to promote security within Iraq and within the surrounding countries, the ability to profit from reconstruction in Iraq has characterized much of the debate over the moral status of the Iraq War. It is difficult to determine whether the War has been beneficial or detrimental to the U.S. economy in particular, as well as the global economy overall."

Tags:iraq, war, economy

Abstract
This paper discusses how Bodansky offers a non-fictional account of the validity of attacking Iraq, which is often founded on false intelligence, and other forms of second hand propagandistic information from American news sources. Although his presence on terrorist congressional committees give him a very real presence when presenting his information, it becomes obvious that his link with American government decries his sense of bias.

From the Paper
"This book review will critically analyze 'The Secret History of the Iraq War' by Yossef Bodansky. The highly unbiased nature of this historical study of the War in Iraq is often propagandistic and does not present solid evidence for validating an American attack. Often, he argues that an American invasion was warranted on the basis of WMDs and Saddam Hussein's role in activating terrorist cells for Bin Laden. However, after finding no WMDs or a solid connection to Bin Laden, Bodansky often reiterates a propagandistic diatribe that falls short."

Tags:iraq, war, conflict

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that veterans of the war in Iraq are being treated better upon their return to the United States than veterans of the Vietnam War primarily because of the attitude of Americans toward the respective wars and the information available about the troops.

From the Paper
"Veterans of the war in Iraq are being treated better upon their return to the United States than veterans of the Vietnam War primarily because of the attitude of Americans toward the respective wars and the information available about the troops. Currently more than sixty percent of Americans oppose the war in Iraq. By contrast only twenty-eight percent of people thought the Vietnam War was not a mistake. Thus a significantly larger segment of ..."

Tags:Vietnam, Iraq, veterans, treatment

Abstract
This paper looks at the possibility of up to two trillion dollars to be spent fighting in Iraq, given that it might be as long as ten years more before American troops come home. Additionally, the paper considers the cost in terms of salaries and business income for civilians called up to National Guard units.

From the Paper
"The cost in human American lives has topped... Tens of thousands of Iraqis have died. That is the human cost. The economic cost both in terms of actual expenses and loss of income for many soldiers called up with their National Guard units is staggering. The non-partisan Congressional Research Service (CRS) estimates the US war in Iraq costs..."

Tags:trillion dollars, military families, National guard, Congress, Iraq, oil

Abstract
The paper presents a survey of research literature on media coverage of social movements in the United States. It includes the antiwar movement of the 2003 Iraqi War and how that peace movement was covered by the news media. The paper looks at the basis of media "selection" and the issue of bias in media coverage. The paper explores the coverage of other events including the International Monetary Fund 2000 meeting, free trade talks and the European Union summit meeting.

From the Paper
"To understand media coverage of the protest or antiwar movement that coalesced in early against the Iraqi War requires an understanding of the growing interconnectedness between the mass ..."

Tags:media, iraq war 2003, peace movement, social movements, antiwar movement