Abstract
This paper examines Arthur Clarke's science fiction novel "2001: A Space Odyssey." This paper considers the three stages of technology described and then analyzes whether the technology is extraterrestrial in origin or not.

From the Paper
"Analyze in detail the three stages of technology presented in the novel and conclude with your thoughts on the concept that the origin and cultivation of technology is extraterrestrial. In Arthur C. Clarke's novel "A Space Odyssey" the idea of technological innovation is explored in great detail. Clarke presents three different stages of technological advancement and explores the consequences of each."

Tags:clarke, 2001, odyssey, technology, innovation, novel, extraterrestrial, danger

Abstract
Describes and analyzes the score used in the Stanley Kubrick's adaptation of "2001: A Space Odyssey". The paper provides descriptions of scenes in the movie and the accompanying music and explains the images that the music attempts to project through the use of sound, voice, and silence.

From the Paper
"The film is not only a visual experience; it is also a musical journey. Filmed at a slow pace, the opening scene is an image shot from behind earth's moon with the sun rising over the earth's crescent shape in the blackness of space. This scene shows the earth, moon, and sun in a vertical alignment. Richard Strauss's Thus Spake Zarathustra is playing in the background. This scene is striking and beautiful and Strauss's piece sets the mood for what must be the majestic experience of outer space."

Tags:arthur, c, clark, musical, journey, thus, spake, zarathustra, richard, strauss, space, the, dawn, of, man

Abstract
This paper looks at how Arthur C. Clarke?s "2001: A Space Odyssey" is an account of human progress contrived by a superior intellect. It examines how, unlike many novels that magnify a single blink in the historical spectrum, it traverses the broad range of humankind?s evolution. In particular, it looks at how the three themes that Arthur C. Clarke primarily focuses on in this novel comprise the development of mankind, the clash of human advancement with the continuous evolution of technology, and, ultimately, the role of a superior intelligence in the voyage of human evolution.

From the Paper
"The heart of the narrative lies in the gradual development of humanity, and the entire book is founded upon this theme. As the story begins, man is characterized by the vile ?man-apes.? These creatures neatly correspond with the established stereotypes associated with ancient man. These beasts struggle to operate at the intellectual equivalence of the animal kingdom when suddenly the introduction of a celestial monolith thrusts them to the forefront of progress. The monolith prompts one of the man-apes to use stones for hunting, and the age of simple tools and machines is ushered in. This simple link in the chain of evolution may have very well saved the human race from famine and extinction."

Tags:ape, monolith, moonwatcher, saturn, science, technology

Abstract
An examination of the similarities and differences between Arthur C. Clarke's "2001: A Space Odyssey" and James Hilton's "Lost Horizon". The author identifies core beliefs which both novels hold including their concern with what it is to be human. However, it is also illustrated how different the novels are with regard to structure, literary techniques, and characterizations.

From the Paper
"Lost Horizon has a more traditional narrative structure, with an enclosing frame involving characters who talk about the central figure, remembering him in the past. 2001, on the other hand, at first glance seems to lack a cohesive literary structure and to be instead a series of barely related incidents at different time periods, with different characters and somewhat obscure situations. Yet, the two novels both have a core belief in the ability and innate moral sense of the human being and a belief in positive human development."

Tags:novel, human, science, fiction, Conway, realism

From the Paper
"The ending of Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey appears to many viewers to be too obscure and even to have little to do with the film as a whole, but this is a misreading of what takes place. 2001: A Space Odyssey is a film that may appear to lack a cohesive literary structure and to be instead a series of barely related incidents at different time periods, with different characters and somewhat obscure situations. The protracted journey through the starscape near the end of the film and the peculiar imagery that succeeds it, all occurring without external comment or explanation, can add to the sense that there is a lack of cohesion and purpose to the film. In truth, though, the structure of this film is carefully wrought and coheres around thematic concerns, recurring images, and a central issue that carries the plot to a logical if tentative conclusion. There is meaning in the ending, and to ascertain this meaning it is necessary to consider the structure of the entire film and the manner in which the filmmaker carries meaning through imagery and ... "

Abstract
In this paper the plot of the movie directed by Stanley Kubrick and the book written by Arthur C. Clarke are summarized with emphasis on the philosophical and ethical issues presented in the story. A more detailed analysis of the ethical issues, including man becoming god and Hal the computer, concludes the paper. The paper is written from a Christian perspective and relates the story to Biblical examples.

From the paper:

"2001: A Space Odyssey" was written by Arthur C. Clarke and published in 1968 at about the same time as the movie of the same title was released. It is interesting to note that the film and the book were being produced at the same time. Rather than to base one on the other, the movie and the book were made almost as one, with modifications being made to suit the needs of the writer and director. Directed by Stanley Kubrick, the movie was left more open-ended than the book, and tended to draw either praise for its ingenuity or harsh judgment for its dullness and lack of imagination. Whether the first or the latter opinion is correct, one thing is for certain: 2001 is an epic that changed the face of science fiction and paved the way for a whole new way of thinking."

Tags:aliens, arthur, artificial, becoming, christian, clarke, computer, dawn, ethical, ethics, evolution, exploration, fiction, first, god, hal, intelligence, kubrick, monolith, morals, science, stanley, supernatural, technology, travel

From the Paper
"Janet Hocker Rushing refers to a yearning for wholeness in our time, something that all cultures have longed for in some degree. Our own age is seen as one of fragmentation, secularization, and an absence of unity, leaving us with a modern need for transcendence such as has been noted by a number of writers. Rushing finds that we seek this sense of the transcendent in our entertainment and our art, and she refers to the fact that our modern audiences find transcendence addressed in movies, notably science fiction films that make a cosmic connection in mythic form. She cites E.T. as one particular representative of this genre, and she applies what she calls the "perennial philosophy" to this film, as will be done here with reference to another science fiction film of an earlier era and one of the first to make this mythic connection most directly..."

Abstract
This paper discusses director Stanely Kubrick's works by focusing on an analysis and review of "Full Metal Jacket." This film is briefly compared with other films that Kubrick directed through exploring central themes and an underlying philosophy that links the various works. First, the paper describes Kubrick's philosophy and how he conveys this through film. Next, the paper gives an analysis of "Full Metal Jacket" which includes a plot summary. Then, the paper examines Kubrick's philosophy, comparing and contrasting its expression in terms of themes and moods in "Full Metal Jacket" and "2001: A Space Odyssey." The paper concludes by stating that the film "Full Metal Jacket" describes a future with dehumanized individuals have to adjust to normal society, with obvious negative consequences.

Outline:

Introduction
An Analysis of "Full Metal Jacket"
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Another aspect that evokes atmosphere in the film is the use of music. Kubrick chooses a soundtrack which is both empty and banal yet also succeeds in emphasizing the loss of meaning and vacuity in what the young recruits have become. The director makes use of popular songs such as ''These Boots Are Made for Walking'' and ''Surfin' Bird''. The very emptiness of the lyrics tends to ironically emphasize the dehumanization and loss of identity which pervades the film (Maslin).
"The theme of dehumanization is followed through in the graphic events of the battle and we also see the "...collapse of the individual into the group" (Anderegg 11). For example, when Joker tries to express his individuality by wearing a peace symbol on his uniform, he is sternly rebuked by a marine officer and ordered to "join the program'. In effect the young recruits become almost robotic in their view of the reality of the war and are strangely dislocated from the events around them."

Tags:2001: A Space Odyssey, violence, identity, horror story

Abstract
This paper explains that the four centuries old disputation, between Muslims and Hindus over the Ayodhya site, is difficult to resolve because the particular geographical context of the place itself produces symbolic understandings. Next, to comprehend the meaning of this place, the will to control it and its spatial organization, the author analyzes the construction of this conflict across history from the perspective of sacred and political geography. The paper describes a proposed solution by the Indian court to split Ayodhya between the parties; however, the author underscores that controversies about legitimacy are hard to resolve. The paper includes several colored illustrations and footnotes.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Historical Dimension of a Topical Conflict
History of the Control of That Key Site
Contemporary Dimension of the Conflict: It Generates a Spatial Organization
Sacred Geography: Meanings And Claims Of Legitimacy
The Territorialization of the Divine to Legitimate the Occupation of the Land
Settling Controversies of Legitimacy and Appropriation Of Space: The References to Archaeological and Institutional Discourses
Political Geography: Fundamentalism as an Exploitation of Religious Themes and Geography to Legitimate Actions and Occupation of the Space
Spatial Dimension of Hinduism Used to Legitimate Political Power: The Development of Nationalist Movements
Ayodhya, a Space of Ethnic Conflict
Ayodhya, a Conflict between a Secularist India and a Hindu One
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Since the 1980s, the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh has been at the heart of a long lasting dispute between Hindus and Muslims concerning the site of Ayodhya. One hundred and fifty years ago, Hindus began to dispute the Babri Masjid mosque built in 1528 by the Mughal emperor Babur. This mosque was erected precisely on the ancient location of a supposed Hindu temple built on Rama's alleged birth place, and Hindus accuse the Muslims of having destroyed the temple to build the mosque instead. Lord Rama is the most revered figure in Hinduism, hence the very symbolic value of the place."

Tags:legitimacy, symbolic value, scientific evidence, nationalist movements, secular

Abstract
In this essay, the writer looks at an article entitled, "Post-Colonial Science and Technology Studies: A Space for new Questions," and outlines the major ideas presented. Further, the writer presents some pertinent responses which can be made to the article's harsh appraisal of the legacy of European science in the early modern period. The writer concludes that European science and European culture, while definitely indebted to other cultures and to thinkers elsewhere, has made a number of stirring contributions of its own.

From the Paper
"... and those who overlook this fact are just as guilty as early "internalist" historians are of distorting the past. Seen in that light, the article - at times - approaches the stridency of a polemical rant rather than a cool assessment of what is actually known about the emergence of "modern" science."

Tags:sociology, Europe, advances