Abstract
This paper explains that, until the 1970s, sinologists and others studied the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) media for clues as to what might be occurring in Mainland China of which there was much conjecture. The author compares the reports from two 1960 CCP media releases, which were prepared for the national Chinese audience by the People's Republic of China (PRC), with what is now known about the terrible Communist planning error in the agricultural sector during the late 1950s and early 1960s. The paper concludes that all media materials from Beijing were expected to be propaganda; therefore, the Chinese public became adept at discerning what really might be happening. The author stresses that this reflective habit is still practiced in the PRC, despite much liberalization of the mass media.

Table of Contents
Introduction
'Go to the First Line of Agriculture!'
'Advance Payment of Wages Every Month Stimulates Enthusiasm of the CCP'
Mao's Famine
Concluding Discussion

From the Paper
"The article seems to fit with a great deal that appeared through the month of September 1960 to do with agricultural gains, work still to be done, the potential for China to become a kind of agrarian paradise, and general applause for the rural laborer. In the article discussed, rural toil is said to be very good for cadres who may still be bureaucrats or people otherwise not yet exposed to the soil. Readers in the cities, or for that matter in Hong Kong or Taiwan or wherever else refugees from the Communist state had fled, had reason to wonder what was meant by the "transfer of large numbers of cadres ..."

Tags:reflective, mao, collective, censorship, planners

Abstract
Authoritarian regimes are notorious for using the media as a means by which they can inculcate regime-friendly values while simultaneously discrediting adversaries at home and abroad. This paper examines the Chinese government's use of the media as a propaganda tool, pointing out that while its manipulation of the media may be more subtle than many of the repressive regimes which have preceded it or which exist contemporaneously with it, the fact remains that the power brokers in Beijing have been very quick to control the kind of news which reaches the eyes, ears and ultimately minds of Chinese citizens.

Tags:china, government, propaganda

Abstract
The real distinction between propaganda and persuasion is sometimes very fine. Given the pejorative associations of "propaganda" it is easy for one to reject persuasive communication that one does not like as propaganda, and communication that one does like as "persuasive" (Jowett and O'Donnell 2-5). This essay will illustrate the problematic aspect of this distinction with reference to two Dove video advertisements: "Evolution" and "Pro-Age". As will be argued, these advertisements blur the distinction between propaganda and persuasion in that they contain criteria that would - depending upon one's perspective - classify them alternately as "propaganda" and "persuasion". For the purposes of this paper, however, it would be more accurate to describe these videos as propaganda.

From the Paper
Propaganda and Persuasion: Dove Evolution and Pro-Age The real distinction between propaganda and persuasion is sometimes very fine. Given the pejorative associations of "propaganda" it is easy for one to reject persuasive communication that one does not like as propaganda, and communication that one does like as "persuasive" (Jowett and O'Donnell 2-5). This essay will illustrate the problematic aspect of this distinction with reference to two Dove video advertisements: "Evolution" and "Pro-Age". As will be argued, these advertisements blur the distinction between propaganda and persuasion in that they contain

Tags:propaganda, persuasion, video

Abstract
The paper relates that propaganda is a means of persuasion and is not always a negative force. The paper explains that we have a tendency to think of propaganda as what the enemy does, while we view what we do as simply telling the truth. The paper explains that even if it is the truth, the methods of propaganda are used to convey the message and to stir the emotions of the target audience, as can be seen in the first film in the "Why We Fight" series from World War II, "Prelude to War."

From the Paper
"Propaganda is a means of persuasion and is not always a negative force. We have a tendency to think of propaganda as what the enemy does, while we view what we do as simply telling the truth. Even if it is the truth, the methods of propaganda are used to convey the message and to stir the emotions of the target audience, as can be seen in the first film in the "Why We Fight" series from World War II, "Prelude to War." In the first few minutes of the film, Walter Huston as narrator raises several reasons why we are fighting this war and does so in a clearly incendiary manner by using images to match, images of Pearl Harbor, bombings in Britain, the German invasion of France, and so on. He reminds..."

Tags:propaganda, persuasion, film

Abstract
The paper looks at the definitions of propaganda and advertising and finds that advertising is defined by its methods, whereas propaganda is defined by its goals. However, the paper explains that given the capitalist context of advertising and the fact that it is essentially responsible not just for raising awareness and presenting facts, but for distinguishing difference where there is none, it is ultimately put in the position of having to manipulate information,not just present it, which causes it to share a definition with propaganda.

From the Paper
"The Encyclopedia Britannica Online defines propaganda quite briefly as "the more or less systematic effort to manipulate other people's beliefs, attitudes, or actions" (Encyclopedia Britannica "propaganda"). The model or paradigm case for advertising as propaganda is probably most easily demonstrable in the relationship of children to advertising. The website of the National Institute on Media and the Family cites a number of research studies which have examined how advertising affects children, and finds, among other things, that the average American child as young as three will recognize brand logos and views as many as 40 000 television..."

Tags:propaganda, advertising, capitalism

Abstract
This paper discusses the similarities and differences between propaganda and advertising. It presents two contrasting models and many examples to show these similarities and differences. The paper concludes by claiming that although propaganda is different from advertising, advertising is not different from propaganda.

Outline:
Model or Paradigm Case
Contrary or Opposite Case
Borderline Case
Related Concept
Invented or Imaginary Case
Social Context
Practical Results
Results in Language
Interior Dialogue
Essay Outline

From the Paper
"Does propaganda depend on one's intent? To what extent is an aim of merely making people aware of something separate from other aims such as trying to get them to change their behavior, or their attitudes? This is a good related concept, because it shares features of advertising and some of the tools of propaganda, but can be done without any intent to change people. It changes the absolute nature of the concepts, and makes on question whether awareness isn't, in itself, a changed state of being--that could possibly change one's perceptions or future behavior, regardless of the intent of the publicist or PR professional's intention."

Tags:advertising, propaganda

Abstract
The paper looks at how Nazi propagandists used deep-seated suspicions about Jews to justify virulent anti-Semitism, and then explores how more recently, propaganda at the highest levels has been used to justify an aggressive American policy in the Middle East without any concomitant recognition that maybe US foreign policy going back many decades was partly responsible for spawning the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Finally, the paper concludes by looking briefly at events in Zimbabwe, where an aging dictator and his corrupt party has habitually blamed internal and external enemies devoted to harming the country - those internal enemies, especially, tend to be white - for their own shortcomings. The paper shows how propaganda is the ultimate enlistment of deceit for the pursuit of unsavoury goals.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at how stereotypes in propaganda are usually used to instil fear in people by appealing to their most uncharitable impulses vis-a-vis others. Specifically, the next several pages will look at how Nazi propagandists used deep-seated suspicions about Jews to justify virulent anti-Semitism while, more recently, propaganda at the highest levels has been used to justify an aggressive American policy in the Middle East without any concomitant recognition that maybe US foreign policy going back many decades was partly responsible for spawning the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Finally, the paper will conclude by looking..."

Tags:stereotypes, propaganda, fear

Abstract
This paper examines how the Nazi machine utilized propaganda to win and maintain support of the German people. The paper presents four reasons why a seemingly cultured civilization was swayed by propaganda.

From the Paper
"A key question that has fascinated students of 20^th century world history is do we explain Nazi Germany? How do we account for an entire nation with an old, established, sophisticated civilization throwing its support behind a mob of mindless thugs, i.e. the Nazi Party? How did the same nation that produced Kant, Goethe, Beethoven and Wagner end up supporting the brutal extermination of millions of men, women, children and babies? This essay will examine this question, and argue that this shocking reality can be explained by four factors that came together to make a..."

Tags:nazi, propaganda, germany

Abstract
This paper presents a largely personal perspective on propaganda initiatives. The paper discusses the potential valid or invalid use of propaganda by regimes in an attempt to gain public support for state policy and actions.

From the Paper
"In his book "Propaganda", American-style Noam Chomsky refers to Walter Lippmann's description using communication to shape opinion in others. Lippmann said that the art of democracy requires what he called the 'manufacture of consent'. This phrase is an Orwellian..."

Tags:propaganda, communication, manufactured consent, free speech, President Bush, government, society, regimes, democracy

Abstract
This paper examines propaganda in France after its surrender under the Vichy regime of Petain. It provides great historical details aided with maps and visual examples. The paper argues that contrary to common belief pro-Nazi propaganda in France was not imposed but initiated by the Vichy regime itself.

From the Paper
"In the process of researching the topic I chose for my paper "Nazi Propaganda in France." I discovered that a more appropriate title would be "Propaganda in France during the Second World War," in light of the fact that alongside the Nazis, the occupation government of Vichy worked so fervently to arrive at a parallel goal: to control the population through propaganda."

Tags:france, nazi, propaganda, vichy, war, wwii, world, war, ii, germany